scholarly journals The genetic etiology of longitudinal measures of predicted brain ageing in a population-based sample of mid to late-age males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A Gillespie ◽  
Sean N Hatton ◽  
Donald H Hagler ◽  
Anders M Dale ◽  
Jeremy A Elman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Genetic Heritability ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Despite their increasing application, the genetic and environmental etiology of global predicted brain ageing (PBA) indices is unknown. Likewise, the degree to which genetic influences in PBA are longitudinally stable and how PBA changes over time are also unknown. We analyzed data from 734 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging with repeated MRI assessments between the ages 52 to 72 years. Biometrical genetic analyses revealed significant and highly correlated estimates of additive genetic heritability ranging from 59% to 75%. Multivariate longitudinal modelling revealed that covariation between PBA at different timepoints could be explained by a single latent factor with 73% heritability. Our results suggest that genetic influences on PBA are detectable in midlife or earlier, are longitudinally very stable, and are largely explained by common genetic influences.

scholarly journals Evolution of impulsive–compulsive behaviors and cognition in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Aleksander H. Erga ◽  
Guido Alves ◽  
Ole Bjørn Tysnes ◽  
Kenn Freddy Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The longitudinal course of ICBs in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) relative to controls has not been explored as of yet. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, evolution and associated cognitive and clinical features of impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) over 4 years of prospective follow-up in a population-based cohort with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recruited 124 cognitively intact participants with early PD and 156 matched controls from the Norwegian ParkWest study. ICBs were assessed using the self-report short form version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in PD. Cognitive changes were examined in PwP with and without ICBs who completed the 4-year follow-up. Generalized linear mixed modelling and mixed linear regression were used to analyze clinical factors and cognitive changes associated with ICBs in PwP over time. ICBs were more common in PwP than controls at all visits, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) varying between 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–5.6; p = 0.022) and 5.1 (95% CI 2.4–11.0; p < 0.001). The 4-year cumulative frequency of ICBs in PwP was 46.8% and 23.3% developed incident ICBs during the study period, but the presence of ICBs was non-persistent in nearly 30%. ICBs were independently associated with younger age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99: p = 0.008) and use of dopamine agonist (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.56–10.69). Cognitive changes over time did not differ between patients with and without ICBs. In conclusion, ICBs are common in PwP, but are often non-persistent and not associated with greater cognitive impairment over time.

Incidence of fractures and changes over time among the aged in a Finnish municipality: a population-based 12-year follow-up

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit Piirtola ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Raimo Isoaho ◽  
Pertti Aarnio ◽  
Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Genetic Influences on Hallux Valgus in Koreans: The Healthy Twin Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hyung Lee ◽  
Sooji Lee ◽  
HyoJeong Kang ◽  
Da-Eun Jung ◽  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Hallux valgus (HV) is a common foot deformity of multifactorial etiology, but knowledge about the relative importance of genetics and environments on HV has been limited. In order to estimate genetic influences on HV, 1,265 adults, including 175 monozygotic twin (MZ) pairs, 31 dizygotic twin (DZ) pairs, and 853 first-degree singleton family members of the twins were included from the Healthy Twin study, a population-based twin-family cohort in Korea. All participants underwent foot examination and weight-bearing radiographic assessment (anterior-posterior and lateral) in addition to a general health survey. Of the subjects, 208 (16.4%) were classified as HV (as HV angle >20°). The genetic influence on HV was estimated to be substantial; the heritability of HV was 0.51 (95% CI 0.42–0.59) and the heritability of HV angle was 0.47 (0.38–0.56), while contributions from shared environmental effects were negligible. These findings suggest that genetic factors play an important role in determining HV deformity.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequality in cancer survival – changes over time. A population-based study, Denmark, 1987–2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton ◽  
Maja Halgren Olsen ◽  
Christoffer Johansen ◽  
Jørgen H. Olsen ◽  
Kaae Klaus Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Changes over-time in blood pressure of women with preeclampsia compared to those with normotensive pregnancies: A 15 year population-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Amiri ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Maryam Rahmati ◽  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental influences on obsessive–compulsive behaviour across development: a longitudinal twin study

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krebs ◽  
M. A. Waszczuk ◽  
H. M. S. Zavos ◽  
D. Bolton ◽  
T. C. Eley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundLittle is known about the factors influencing the stability of obsessive–compulsive behaviour (OCB) from childhood to adolescence. The current study aimed to investigate: (1) the stability of paediatric OCB over a 12-year period; (2) the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence stability; and (3) the extent to which these influences are stable or dynamic across development.MethodThe sample included 14 743 twins from a population-based study. Parental ratings of severity of OCB were collected at ages 4, 7, 9 and 16 years.ResultsOCB was found to be moderately stable over time. The genetic influence on OCB at each age was moderate, with significant effects also of non-shared environment. Genetic factors exerted a substantial influence on OCB persistence, explaining 59–80% of the stability over time. The results indicated genetic continuity, whereby genetic influences at each age continue to affect the expression of OCB at subsequent ages. However, we also found evidence for genetic attenuation in that genetic influences at one age decline in their influence over time, and genetic innovation whereby new genes ‘come on line’ at each age. Non-shared environment influenced stability of OCB to a lesser extent and effects were largely unique to each age and displayed negligible influences on OCB at later time points.ConclusionsOCB appears to be moderately stable across development, and stability is largely driven by genetic factors. However, the genetic effects are not entirely constant, but rather the genetic influence on OCB appears to be a developmentally dynamic process.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption in men is influenced by qualitatively different genetic factors in adolescence and adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is influenced by genetic factors. Previous studies have examined the heritability of alcohol consumption, or related phenotypes, from adolescence into adulthood, frequently finding that total heritability changes over time. However, it remains unclear whether the same genes underlie liability to alcohol consumption across development versus whether novel risk genes become important over time.MethodA population-based study of adult male twins (n=1790) born in Virginia, USA, retrospectively reported on their average monthly alcohol consumption from early adolescence through adulthood. We used twin modeling methods to explore genetic and environmental influences on alcohol consumption over time.ResultsOne latent genetic factor accounted for the majority of the heritability in alcohol consumption during mid- to late adolescence, but its influence declined thereafter; from young adulthood forward, heritability was largely attributable to a second genetic factor. The total heritability of alcohol consumption increased from 0 at ages 12–14 years to 0.40 by ages 18–21 years. Shared environmental factors declined in influence over time.ConclusionsThe heritability of alcohol consumption over time is dynamic both quantitatively and qualitatively. These results have important implications for gene identification endeavors. Furthermore, these findings could inform efforts to elucidate developmentally dynamic behaviors, such as antisocial behavior.

Genes, Environment, and Time: The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Kremen ◽  
Heather Thompson-Brenner ◽  
Yat-Ming J. Leung ◽  
Michael D. Grant ◽  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) is a large-scale investigation of cognitive aging from middle to later age. The intended sample of 1440 twin subjects is recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (VETR), a registry of middle-aged male-male twin pairs who both served in the military during the Vietnam conflict (1965–1975). VETSA employs a multitrait multimethod approach to cognitive assessment to focus on the genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive processes over time, as well as the relative contributions to cognitive aging from health, social, personality, and other contextual factors. The cognitive domains of episodic memory, working memory, abstract reasoning, and inhibitory executive functioning are assessed through neuropsychological testing. In addition, VETSA obtains the participant's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test, taken at the time of induction into the military around age 20 years, and readministers the test. Two other projects — VETSA Cortisol and VETSA Magnetic Resonance Imaging — are also in progress using subsamples of the VETSA twins. Prior waves of data collection by VETSA investigators using the VETR have provided historical data on physical and mental health, while future waves of VETSA data collection are planned every 5 years. These methods will provide data on multiple pheno-types in the same individuals with regard to genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive functioning over time, personality and interpersonal risk and protective factors, stress and cortisol regulation, and structural brain correlates of aging processes.

scholarly journals High Circulating Free Thyroxine Levels May Increase the Risk of Frailty: The Rotterdam Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjola Bano ◽  
Layal Chaker ◽  
Josje Schoufour ◽  
M Arfan Ikram ◽  
Maryam Kavousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Context Thyroid hormones affect metabolism in various tissues, organs, and systems. However, the overall impact of thyroid function on an individual’s vulnerability to adverse outcomes remains unclear. Objective To investigate the cross-sectional and prospective association of thyroid function with the frailty index, a well-established measure of overall health. Design and Setting The Rotterdam Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. Participants and Main Outcome Measurements Participants with baseline measurements of thyroid function and the frailty index were eligible. The frailty index was measured at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 10.1 years (interquartile range, 5.7 to 10.8 years). A higher frailty index indicated a worse health state. We assessed the association of thyroid function with frailty at baseline, frailty at follow-up, and frailty changes over time, adjusting for age, sex, cohort, smoking, alcohol, and education. Results We included 9640 participants (mean age, 64.9 years). There was a U-shaped association of thyrotropin (TSH; P &lt; 0.0003) and free thyroxine (FT4; P &lt; 0.0001) with frailty at baseline. There was no association of TSH, but a positive association of FT4 with frailty at follow-up and frailty changes over time (β, 1.22; confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.72 per 1 unit FT4). Conclusion In this population-based study, participants with low and high thyroid function were more likely to be frail than participants with normal thyroid function. However, only those with higher FT4 levels had an increased risk of becoming more frail over time. The identification of FT4 as a potential marker of health deterioration could have future implications regarding the prediction and prevention of frailty.

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