scholarly journals Unraveling diagnostic co-morbidity makeup of each HF category as characteristically derived by ECG- and ECHO-findings, a prevalence analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azfar Zaman ◽  
Simone Calcagno ◽  
Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai ◽  
Niall Campbell ◽  
Georgios Koulaouzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Co Morbidity

AbstractHeart Failure (HF) relies mainly on measurements from Echocardiography, in particular Echo-Findings, to estimate Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and evaluating structural heart disease criteria. As Echocardiography is not available in primary care, the key structural (heart chamber enlargements) and functional abnormality related measurements are not available precluding the ability to diagnose HF other than through mainly symptomatic means. The opportunity for earlier detection of HF is lost.In this work, we first explore each of the three HF categories, preserved EF, mild-reduced EF, and reduced EF, using various morphological and functional etiology-specific characteristics supported by a literature review and an extensive analysis of a large, dedicated database accumulated over 8 years.We then explore the typical signs and co-morbidities of HF using prevalence analysis to unravel the diagnostic makeup of each HF category as characteristically derived by ECG- and ECHO-findings. From this, we then conduct a principal component analysis (PCA) of the data to interpret patterns of comorbidities, showing groups of comorbidities frequently associated with each other.Lastly, we delve into the role of breakthrough methods for the analysis of bio-signals to replicate common ECHO-findings, as alternatives for detecting and diagnosing HF similarly to Echocardiography, thereby providing a simple device for the effective detection of HF for use in Primary Care.

scholarly journals The lung microbiota in Korean patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yoon Kang ◽  
Hyojung Kim ◽  
Sungwon Jung ◽  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Sang Pyo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexible Bronchoscope ◽  
Bronchial Washing

Abstract Background The microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has not been fully evaluated. We explored the role of the lung microbiota in NTM-PD by analyzing protected specimen brushing (PSB) and bronchial washing samples from patients with NTM-PD obtained using a flexible bronchoscope. Results Bronchial washing and PSB samples from the NTM-PD group tended to have fewer OTUs and lower Chao1 richness values compared with those from the control group. In both bronchial washing and PSB samples, beta diversity was significantly lower in the NTM-PD group than in the control group (P = 2.25E-6 and P = 4.13E-4, respectively). Principal component analysis showed that the PSBs and bronchial washings exhibited similar patterns within each group but differed between the two groups. The volcano plots indicated differences in several phyla and genera between the two groups. Conclusions The lower respiratory tract of patients with NTM-PD has a unique microbiota distribution that is low in richness/diversity.

scholarly journals A-49 Visual Memory Errors and Intelligence: The Role of Verbal Mediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-909
Author(s):  
K Hakinson ◽  
J Moses ◽  
J RIvera ◽  
A Guerra ◽  
M Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Verbal Mediation ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Shared Variance

Abstract Objective Examine the relationship of verbal mediation with visual memory errors and intelligence to understand the role of spoken language on other assessment measures. Method Assessment records were obtained from a Veteran Affairs clinic for veterans (n=100) with diverse neuropsychiatric conditions who completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS-III), Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE), and Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine the interrelationship among these assessments. The components of spoken language, types of errors on the BVRT, and the four factors of the WAIS-III were factored using the PCA to identify common sources of variance. Results A principal component analysis revealed a six-factor model explaining 68.16% of the shared variance among the WAIS-III factors, MAE components, and BVRT Errors. Omission errors loaded with Processing Speed and Controlled Word Association. Distortions and size errors loaded with Perceptual Organization. Size errors also loaded with Verbal Comprehension and Visual Naming. Misplacements loaded with Working Memory and Sentence Repetition. Misplacements, perseverations, and omissions loaded with the Token Test (a measure associated with auditory comprehension). Rotation errors loaded with Perceptual Organization. Conclusions Results indicated significant shared variance between visual memory errors, spoken language, and intelligence factors. This suggests that spoken language is involved in the process of visual memory, and deficits in spoken language may result in increased errors on visual memory tasks. Therefore, treatment recommendations for visual memory difficulties should take into consideration verbal capabilities and intelligence factors to better individualize treatment.

scholarly journals Beyond Dichotomous Approach, Experts Method Compatibles with an Information System View for Developing a Valid Corporate Governance Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Maysa Ali Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Information System ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Governance Index ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper provides a critical review of the corporate governance quantification process at academic and professional levels to scrutinize the main troubles in the black box of CG assessment models and spot some lights on how to develop a valid Corporate Governance Index (CGI) at the firm and industry levels regarding evenly the entire stakeholders' perceptions. Prior literature has been reviewed and a Corporate Governance index was constructed merging the power of multi-methodologies: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Delphi Technique and Stability analysis. The findings show that the validity of the results necessitates enforcing End to End processes and taking into account the country's individualization to increase the reliability and comparability of the results. As well, the governance ratings are sensitive to the applied methodology, particularly, a well-known approach in quantifying CG, i.e., dichotomous approach, is underestimated the index findings then it will directly affect all aspects of governance endogeneity with firm’s performance/value. This research has important practical implications for governance guidelines setters, companies, stakeholders and other researchers. For the G setters, it underlines the necessity to make harmonization between industries' regulations and governance code, and revise the priority of the "comply or explain" approach in practice; which could serve as a roadmap for future improvements and researches. For companies, this paper highlights which effective G mechanisms and urges the role of the boardroom in monitoring and explanations for non-compliance. For CGI users, the research highlights that ratings' users should be more precautions and concerned about the base of the assessing models.

Sex Assignment to Whole Human Responses in Rorschach

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Christian Mormont ◽  
Patrick Fontan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sex Assignment ◽  
Formal Quality

Abstract. According to the theory of identification, men are more likely to qualify their Rorschach human content responses as males, and women as females. These assumptions were tested in an empirical investigation using a Belgian nonpatient sample of 800. All human responses and their location were listed. Analyses were carried out on the 10 Cards and on the formal quality (FQo vs. FQu/−) of all human responses according to the subject’s and the examiner’s sex. Variables were first submitted to principal component analysis, and resulting components were compared in a 2 × 2 design in order to assess examiners’ and participants’ sex potential effects on human responses sex assignments. Univariate and multivariate ANOVA revealed no or only negligible differences. In a second step, distributions of masculine, feminine, and neutral human responses across 16 card locations that commonly elicit human responses were submitted to hierarchical clustering in order to identify masculine, feminine, and neutral locations in Rorschach cards. Chi-square tests revealed no significant association between participants’ sex and human responses locations. Results do not corroborate predictions according to the theory of identification but they do, however, highlight the role of the distal features of blots.

scholarly journals Driver Countries in Global Banking Network

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Atyabi ◽  
Olha Buchel ◽  
Leila Hedayatifar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Over Time

We analyze the network of cross-border bank lending connections among countries from 1977 to 2018. The network includes core countries that lend money and peripheral countries that borrow money from core countries. In nowadays highly connected banking network, financial crisis that start from a country can spread to other countries very fast and cause global affects. We use principal component analysis (PCA) to find the influential lending (core) countries in this network over the years and clusters of borrowing (peripheral) countries related to these impactful core countries. We find three clusters of peripheral countries, with some constant and some changing members over time. This can be a sign of changes in the financial or political interactions among countries. The changes in the role of core countries and how these roles get affected by the important financial crisis in the past decades is investigated. Among 31 of core countries, 7 countries have a partially or constantly important role in the network including France, United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Germany, Chinese Taipei and Switzerland.

scholarly journals Why not Seek Therapy? The Role of Stigma and Psychological Symptoms in College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (67) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makilim Nunes Baptista ◽  
Cristian Zanon
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The decision to seek therapy can reduce psychological distress and factors like public stigma, self stigma, fear of self exposure to therapist, among others, may constitute barriers in this process. This study investigated: how is the group of variables described in the literature as predictors of seeking therapy, and the relationship of variables associated with stigma and depressive symptoms, anxiogenic symptoms and stress with this search. For this purpose, 272 students responded scales that assessed these variables. The principal component analysis indicated four clusters of variables (symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress; feelings of shame, inadequacy and inhibition; perception of benefits to seek therapy; self stigma and stigma by the others). These components are hierarchically inserted into the multiple regression, indicating that the symptoms have little importance compared to the attitude of seeking therapy and stigmas.

scholarly journals Role of Hepcidin in Anemia of Chronic Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nita ◽  
Eleni Bairaktari ◽  
George Kolios ◽  
Michail P. Migkos ◽  
Georgios-Petros Somarakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Abstract Objective: Anemia of chronic disease is a frequent consequence in rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with major clinical and patient outcomes. The present cross-sectional study explored the role of hepcidin (HEP) in anemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis by studying its relationships with markers of anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. Methods: Blood samples from anemic (n = 43) and nonanemic (n = 43) rheumatoid arthritis patients were analyzed for markers of anemia (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cells distribution width, and reticulocyte hemoglobin), iron metabolism (iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor), inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6), and erythropoiesis (erythropoietin and HEP). Correlation analysis was used to identify relationships between HEP and all other variables. Principal component analysis was used to identify common underlying dimensions representing linear combinations of all variables. Results: HEP had statistically significant mostly moderate-to-large correlations with markers of anemia (0.30–0.70, all p < 0.01), small correlation with markers of iron metabolism and markers of inflammation (r = 0.20–0.40, all p < 0.01), and moderate correlations with markers of erythropoiesis. Principal component analysis revealed two underlying components (factors) capturing approximately 50% of total variability. Factor 1 comprised mainly of markers of anemia, iron metabolism, and erythropoiesis and was related to “erythrocyte health status,” while factor 2 comprised mainly markers of inflammation and iron metabolism and was related to “acute phase reactants.” HEP was the only variable demonstrating substantial loadings on both factors. Conclusions: HEP is related to markers of anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. In addition, when all variables are “reduced” to a minimum number of two “latent” factors, HEP is loaded on both, thus underlying its pivotal role in the complex interaction of the erythropoietic response in inflammation-induced anemia and/or functional iron deficiency.

scholarly journals Role of obesity and hypertension in the incidence of atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease and heart failure in patients with diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia La Sala ◽  
Antonio E. Pontiroli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

AbstractIn a cohort study performed using primary care databases in a General Practitioners Network, Groenewegen et al. report a clear association between diabetes and incidence of the major chronic progressive heart diseases, notably heart failure (Groenewegen et al. in Cardiovasc Diabetol 20:123, 2021). However, no mention is made of body mass index and hypertension in the methods or in the results. Obesity is linked to hypertension and hypertension is a major risk factor for all cardiovascular diseases, and prospective studies have shown that obesity and hypertension contribute significantly to atrial fibrillation in persons with diabetes. The data would be improved by assessing the role of obesity and of hypertension in the incidence of heart diseases in these patients. This would also lead to a better and personalized treatment of patients with diabetes, for instance through weight loss and intensification of treatment of hypertension, to modify the incidence of atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease and heart failure.

La végétation des combes à neige du golfe de Richmond, Québec nordique

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Serge Payette
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Abiotic Variables

An exhaustive survey of snow patches, along an altitudinal gradient situated in an area of about 10 km2 along the Hudson Bay highlands, underlines the role of altitude, exposition, and topography in maintaining these habitats. The principal component analysis from a stratified sampling of the snow patches in the three cuesta lithological zones (arkose, dolomite, and basalt) stresses the effect of the snow melt gradient on species distribution within a snow patch. The ordination of abiotic variables performed on the ordination frame of snow patches shows that lithology and substratum are the principal factors responsible for the vegetation characteristics, allowing the determination of two main types of snow patches in the arkose and dolomite zones and three types in the basalt zone.

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