scholarly journals Progesterone supplementation in mice leads to microbiome alterations and weight gain in a sex-specific manner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meital Nuriel-Ohayon ◽  
Anna Belogovski ◽  
Sharon Komissarov ◽  
Meirav Ben Izhak ◽  
Oshrit Shtossel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractBackgroundProgesterone is a steroid hormone produced by the ovaries, involved in pregnancy progression and necessary for successful gestation. We have previously shown that progesterone affects gut microbiota composition and leads to increased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium.ResultsIn non-pregnant female GF mice, levels of progesterone were significantly higher than in SPF mice of the same status. However, no significant differences were observed between GF and SPF males. Females treated with progesterone gained more weight than females treated with a placebo. In contrast to female mice, males treated with progesterone did not gain significantly more weight than males treated with a placebo. Progesterone supplementation led to microbial changes in females but not in males (16S rRNA sequencing). Accordingly, the weight gain observed in female mice treated with progesterone was fully transferable to both male and female germ-free mice via fecal transplantation.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that bacteria play a role in regulating progesterone levels in a female-specific manner. Furthermore, weight gain and metabolic changes associated with progesterone may be mediated by the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Dietary κ-carrageenan facilitates gut microbiota-mediated intestinal inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Juanjuan Chen ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Jingwangwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: After nearly half a century, the inflammatory effects of carrageenan (CGN), a ubiquitous food additive, remain controversial. Little is known about its impact on the gut microbiota and intestinal homeostasis.Results: Mice fed κ-CGN showed no significant inflammatory symptoms, but showed altered colonic microbiota composition, thereby decreasing bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and increased penetrability of the mucus layer. In mice administered the pathogenic bacterium Citrobacter rodentium, inflammation and mucosal damage were further aggravated in the presence of κ-CGN. Mucus layer defects and altered SCFA levels could be reproduced by fecal transplantation from κ-CGN-fed mice, but not from germ-free κ-CGN-fed mice. These symptoms could be partially repaired by administering the probiotics Bifidobacterium longum NCC-2705 and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.Conclusions: We report a novel evidence that κ-CGN may not be directly inflammatory, but creates an environment that favors inflammation by perturbation of gut microbiota composition and then facilitates expansion of pathogens, which may be partially reversed by the introduction of probiotics.

scholarly journals Red Clover Isoflavones Influence Estradiol Concentration, Exercise Performance, and Gut Microbiota in Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ming Chen ◽  
I-Lin Wang ◽  
Xin-Yi Zhu ◽  
Wan-Chun Chiu ◽  
Yen-Shuo Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RC) the main compound is isoflavones, which are selective estrogen receptor modulators for maintaining female health. Isoflavones exert antifatigue effects during exercise in high-temperature environments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RC supplementation on gut microbiota composition to determine whether it improves intestinal barrier function and exercise performance. Female ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered RC once daily for 6 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 308 (RC-1X), 615 (RC-2X), and 1,538 (RC-5X) mg/kg. RC supplementation decreased the fat mass and increased exhaustive swimming time, grip strength, and muscle glycogen in female mice. In the RC supplementation group, serum levels of lactate, ammonia, and creatine kinase decreased after swimming. The estradiol and progesterone levels were higher in the RC group than in the vehicle group. Regarding gut microbiota composition, the RC-2X group may increase intestinal health related to the microorganisms Pseudobutyrivibrio and Parabacteroide. Thus, the use of RC supplements as nutraceuticals could have positive effects on athletes' gut and overall health.

scholarly journals Dynamic alteration in the gut microbiota and metabolome during the pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peifeng Xie ◽  
Chengjun Hu ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Xiangfeng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Dynamic Alteration ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Gut microbiota and their metabolites were associated with obesity. Our previous study showed that maternal body fat percentage increased from days 45 to 110 of gestation in a Huanjiang mini-pig model. Thus, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabonomic techniques were used to investigate the changes of maternal gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolite profile from days 45 to 110 of gestation. Results The abundances of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus in jejunum contents were higher in day 110 than those in day 45 or 75 of gestation. In ileum, the abundance of Streptococcus was the highest (P < 0.05) at day 110 of gestation, as well as the metabolism function of jejunal and ileal microbiota. The ileal butyrate and acetate concentrations were the highest at day 45 and day 110 of gestation, respectively. In colon, the concentrations of cadaverine and spermine were the highest (P < 0.05) at days 45 and 110 of gestation, respectively. Metabonomic analysis demonstrated that metabolic pathways including glutamine and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism changed during gestation. Conclusions Microbiota composition and metabolites changed dramatically from the early to the late pregnancy, which might be associated with the maternal fat accumulation.

scholarly journals Ketonuria Is Associated with Changes to the Abundance of Roseburia in the Gut Microbiota of Overweight and Obese Women at 16 Weeks Gestation: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Helen Barrett ◽  
Luisa Gomez-Arango ◽  
H. David McIntyre ◽  
Leonie Callaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiome in pregnancy has been associated with various maternal metabolic and hormonal markers involved in glucose metabolism. Maternal ketones are of particular interest due to the rise in popularity of low-carbohydrate diets. We assessed for differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in pregnant women with and without ketonuria at 16 weeks gestation. Fecal samples were obtained from 11 women with fasting ketonuria and 11 matched controls. The samples were analyzed to assess for differences in gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing. Supervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed significantly different beta-diversity between women with and without ketonuria, but no difference in the alpha-diversity. Group comparisons and network analysis showed that ketonuria was associated with an increased abundance of the butyrate-producing genus Roseburia. The bacteria that contributed the most to the differences in the composition of the gut microbiota included Roseburia, Methanobrevibacter, Uncl. RF39, and Dialister in women with ketonuria and Eggerthella, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Uncl. Coriobacteriaceae in women without ketonuria. This study found that the genus Roseburia is more abundant in the gut microbiota of pregnant women with ketonuria. Roseburia is a butyrate producing bacterium and may increase serum ketone levels.

scholarly journals A Partnership in the Making: Metabolic Phenotype Determined by the Combination of Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome (FS07-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wen Cross ◽  
Evan Hutchison ◽  
Jacob Coulthurst ◽  
Federico Rey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Dietary fiber consumption improves cardiometabolic health, partly by enhancing microbial diversity and increasing production of butyrate in the distal gut. However, it is unclear whether the benefits associated with different types of fiber vary based on the gut microbiota composition. We surveyed nine different human gut microbial communities by characterizing them in germ-free mice and selected two communities based on their butyrate-producing capacity (“B”) and diversity (“D”) (i.e., high- vs. low-BD communities). Our objective was to assess the role of high- vs. low-BD communities on the metabolic effects elicited by the consumption of various dietary fibers. Methods We formulated seven diets with different sources of dietary fiber (10% wt/wt): i) resistant starch type 2 (RS2); ii) RS4; iii) inulin; iv) short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS); v) pectin, vi) assorted fiber (a combination of the 5 fermentable fibers), and vii) cellulose (a non-fermentable control). Germ-free C57BL/6 male mice were colonized with either the high- or low-BD communities and fed the assorted fiber diet for 2 weeks to reach stability of microbial engraftment. Mice were then switched to one of the 7 diets for 4 weeks (n = 7–10/group; 117 mice total). We quantified cecal level of short-chain fatty acids and assessed the gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Results Mice colonized with the high-BD community have lower body weight and fat mass compared to the low-BD community when fermentable-fiber sources RS2, inulin, or assorted fiber were present in the diet. Body weight did not differ between the two communities when mice were fed RS4, scFOS, pectin, or cellulose diets. Lower body weight and fat mass were associated with greater cecal butyrate concentrations and microbial diversity. Conclusions The efficacy of dietary fiber interventions on metabolic health varies based on the gut microbiota composition. Overall, our results suggest that dietary fiber supplementations need to be matched with the metabolic potential of the gut microbiome. Funding Sources Fondation Leducq, USDA, and NIH.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition in Mid-Pregnancy Is Associated with Gestational Weight Gain but Not Prepregnancy Body Mass Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1293-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katariina Aatsinki ◽  
Henna-Maria Uusitupa ◽  
Eveliina Munukka ◽  
Henri Pesonen ◽  
Anniina Rintala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

P162 CRITICAL ROLES OF DIETARY SIMPLE SUGARS IN COLITIS PATHOGENESIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Victoria Godfrey ◽  
Hasan Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strikingly high in Western countries, implicating the role of Western diet in its etiology and pathogenesis. Western diet is characterized by high fat, low fiber, and high sugar. Despite clinical evidence of an association between high sugar diet and IBD susceptibility, the precise role of dietary simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose in colitis pathogenesis is unknown. Using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and IL10-deficient mouse models of colitis, we studied the effect of simple sugars in colitis susceptibility. Mice were given high glucose, fructose or sucrose in their drinking water or left untreated before and during colitis induced by DSS. Sugar-fed mice exhibited increased colitis susceptibility evidenced by higher body weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and severe histopathological changes in the colon as compared to those of sugar-untreated colitic mice. Pre-colitis dietary habit of sugar consumption was critical since sugar pretreated mice were susceptible to DSS-induced colitis even without high sugar diet intake during DSS administration. Consistent with these findings, there were higher incidence of spontaneous colitis development in Il10-/- mice following consumption of high sugar. To understand the underlying mechanism, we evaluated the effect of high sugar diet on intestinal epithelial cell death, inflammation, epithelial barrier permeability, and gut microbiota composition in healthy mice. We did not observe any major pathological changes and apoptosis in the colon of sugar-fed mice. Inflammatory responses, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and the expression of tight junction proteins were comparable between control and sugar-fed mice. Interestingly, gut microbiota composition of sugar-fed mice was altered as measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA isolated from feces. Microbial species richness was reduced and relative abundance of several bacterial species was either increased or decreased in sugar-fed mice. We further confirmed that sugar-induced alteration of gut microbiota is responsible for exacerbated colitis by using antibiotics or germ-free mice. Mice receiving antibiotics during high-sugar intake did not show increased DSS-colitis susceptibility. Similarly, high-sugar diet did not induce overt colitis pathogenesis in germ-free mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role of dietary caloric sugars in the predisposition and promotion of colitis and could be implicated in the treatment and management of IBD.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota Profile and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Rats Fed with Taro Flour or Taro Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ingrid S. Surono ◽  
Koen Venema
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Taro Flour ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

To investigate the effect of flour and starch of the Indonesian native tuber “taro” on the composition and activity of the gut microbiota in diabetic rats, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were fed normal chow (AIN), or AIN in which corn starch was replaced by either taro flour or purified taro starch for 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks, and the composition of microbial communities was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing, while SCFAs were measured using ion chromatography. Bodyweight declined upon DM induction with STZ. Feeding taro starch led to a lower reduction in bodyweight than feeding taro starch, but this was only significant for taro starch in weeks 2, 3, and 4 (p=0.02, p=0.01, and p<0.01, respectively). Both taro starch and taro flour induced changes in the gut microbiota composition compared to AIN, which were different for taro flour and taro starch. Bifidobacterium, Sutterella, and Prevotella were markers for taro flour feeding, while Anaerostipes was a marker for taro starch feeding. Induction of diabetes also led to changes in the microbiota composition. Random Forest correctly predicted for 16 of 18 samples whether rats were diabetic or not and correctly predicted 6 of 12 microbiota samples belonging to either taro flour- or taro starch-fed groups, indicating also some significant overlap in the substrate, as expected. Taro starch and taro flour both led to a significant increase in the fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

scholarly journals Microbial Colonization of Germ‐Free Mice Restores Neointimal Hyperplasia Development After Arterial Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund B. Chen ◽  
Katherine E. Shapiro ◽  
Kelly Wun ◽  
Thomas Kuntz ◽  
Betty R. Theriault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Arterial Restenosis

Background The potential role of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular diseases is increasingly evident. Arterial restenosis attributable to neointimal hyperplasia after cardiovascular procedures such as balloon angioplasty, stenting, and bypass surgery is a common cause of treatment failure, yet whether gut microbiota participate in the development of neointimal hyperplasia remains largely unknown. Methods and Results We performed fecal microbial transplantation from conventionally raised male C57BL/6 mice to age‐, sex‐, and strain‐matched germ‐free mice. Five weeks after inoculation, all mice underwent unilateral carotid ligation. Neointimal hyperplasia development was quantified after 4 weeks. Conventionally raised and germ‐free cohorts served as comparison groups. Conclusions Germ‐free mice have significantly attenuated neointimal hyperplasia development compared with conventionally raised mice. The arterial remodeling response is restored by fecal transplantation. Our results describe a causative role of gut microbiota in contributing to the pathogenesis of neointimal hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santacruz ◽  
M. C. Collado ◽  
L. García-Valdés ◽  
M. T. Segura ◽  
J. A. Martín-Lagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Obesity is associated with complications during pregnancy and increased health risks in the newborn. The objective of the present study was to establish possible relationships between gut microbiota, body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. Fifty pregnant women were classified according to their BMI in normal-weight (n34) and overweight (n16) groups. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in faeces and biochemical parameters in plasma at 24 weeks of pregnancy. Reduced numbers ofBifidobacteriumandBacteroidesand increased numbers ofStaphylococcus,EnterobacteriaceaeandEscherichia coliwere detected in overweight compared with normal-weight pregnant women.E. colinumbers were higher in women with excessive weight gain than in women with normal weight gain during pregnancy, whileBifidobacteriumandAkkermansia muciniphilashowed an opposite trend. In the whole population, increased total bacteria andStaphylococcusnumbers were related to increased plasma cholesterol levels. IncreasedBacteroidesnumbers were related to increased HDL-cholesterol and folic acid levels, and reduced TAG levels. IncreasedBifidobacteriumnumbers were related to increased folic acid levels. IncreasedEnterobacteriaceaeandE. colinumbers were related to increased ferritin and reduced transferrin, whileBifidobacteriumlevels showed the opposite trend. Therefore, gut microbiota composition is related to body weight, weight gain and metabolic biomarkers during pregnancy, which might be of relevance to the management of the health of women and infants.

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