scholarly journals Psychiatric Manifestations and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther O Okogbenin ◽  
Omonefe J Seb-Akahomen ◽  
Osahogie I. Edeawe ◽  
Mary Ehimigbai ◽  
Helen Eboreime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Objective The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects globally. These effects are likely to result in mental health problems at different levels. Although studies have reported the mental health burden of the pandemic on the general population and frontline health workers, the impact of the disease on the mental health of patients in COVID-19 treatment and isolation centres have been understudied in Africa. We estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors in hospitalized persons with COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 489 patients with COVID-19 at the three government-designated treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine risk factors of depression and anxiety. Results Of the 489 participants, 49.1% and 38.0% had depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and combination of both were 16.2%, 12.9% and 9.0% respectively. Moderate-severe symptoms of COVID-19, ≥14 days in isolation, worrying about the outcome of infection and stigma increased the risk of having depression and anxiety. Additionally, being separated/divorced increased the risk of having depression and having comorbidity increased the risk of having anxiety. Conclusion A substantial proportion of our participants experienced depression, anxiety and a combination of both especially in those who had the risk factors we identified. The findings underscore the need to address these risk factors early in the course of the disease and integrate mental health interventions into COVID-19 management guidelines.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Bangladeshi Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Omar Faruk ◽  
Mohammed A. Mamun ◽  
Abu Bakkar Siddique ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDental students are highly prone to mental health suffering due to the stressors related to their educational, academic, and clinical environment. However, there are no previous studies that evaluated the mental health problems among dental students in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its covariates. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the students of five (out of a total of nine) Bangladeshi public dental institutes. The survey included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and questions relating to sociodemographic factors, personal suffering, and family mental health history. Results indicated that the prevalence rates for moderate to severe depression and anxiety were 27.4% and 18.2%, respectively. The risk factors for depression and anxiety were being female, coming from city areas, having past-year psychological and physical suffering, having past-year traumatic events, and having a family history of mental illness, as well as a range of suicide-related behaviors. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in the present study were relatively lower than other dental student cohorts residing outside Bangladesh. Further investigations are suggested based on the limitations and strengths of the present study.

scholarly journals Predictors of persistent maternal depression trajectories in early childhood: results from the EDEN mother–child cohort study in France

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1999-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Waerden ◽  
C. Galéra ◽  
M.-J. Saurel-Cubizolles ◽  
A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ◽  
M. Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

BackgroundMaternal depression in the pre- and postpartum period may set women on a course of chronic depressive symptoms. Little is known about predictors of persistently elevated depressive symptoms in mothers from pregnancy onwards. The aims of this study are to determine maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday and identify associated risk factors.MethodMothers (N = 1807) from the EDEN mother–child birth cohort study based in France (2003–2011) were followed from 24–28 weeks of pregnancy to their child's fifth birthday. Maternal depression trajectories were determined with a semi-parametric group-based modelling strategy. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and psychiatric predictors were explored for their association with trajectory class membership.ResultsFive trajectories of maternal symptoms of depression from pregnancy onwards were identified: no symptoms (60.2%); persistent intermediate-level depressive symptoms (25.2%); persistent high depressive symptoms (5.0%); high symptoms in pregnancy only (4.7%); high symptoms in the child's preschool period only (4.9%).Socio-demographic predictorsassociated with persistent depression were non-French origin;psychosocial predictorswere childhood adversities, life events during pregnancy and work overinvestment;psychiatric predictorswere previous mental health problems, psychological help, and high anxiety during pregnancy.ConclusionsPersistent depression in mothers of young children is associated to several risk factors present prior to or during pregnancy, notably anxiety. These characteristics precede depression trajectories and offer a possible entry point to enhance mother's mental health and reduce its burden on children.

Task-shifting in Mental Health Services: Extent, Impact and Challenges in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S618-S618
Author(s):  
V. Agyapong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Task Shifting ◽  
Mental Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

AimTo examine the role and scope of practice of community mental health workers (CMHWs) as well as the impact and challenges associated with of work of CMHWs within Ghana's mental health delivery system.MethodsA cross sectional survey of 11 psychiatrists, 29 health policy directors and 164 CMHWs as well as key informant interviews with 3 CMHWs, 5 psychiatrists and 2 health policy directors and three focus group discussions with 21 CMHWs. Results of quantitative data were analysed with SPSS version 20 whilst the results from qualitative data were analysed manually through thematic analysis.ResultsIn addition to duties prescribed in their job descriptions, all the CMHWs identified several jobs that they routinely perform including jobs reserved for higher level cadres such as medication prescribing for which most of the CMHWs have no training. Some CMHWs reported they had considered leaving the mental health profession because of the stigma, risk, lack of opportunities for continuing professional development and career progression as well as poor remuneration. Almost all the stakeholders believed CMHWs in Ghana receive adequate training for the role they are expected to play although many identify some gaps in the training of these mental health workers for the expanded roles they actually play. All the stakeholders expressed concerns about the quality of the care provided by CMHWs.ConclusionThe study highlights several important issues, which facilitate or hinder effective task-shifting arrangements from psychiatrists to CMHWs and impact on the quality of care provided by the latter.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Associated Risk Factors among Military Health Workers of COVID-19 Specialized Hospitals in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Pan ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Ding Ren ◽  
Zhengmei Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Patient Health

Abstract Background China has been severely affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) since December 2019.In the combat against COVID-19, military health workers in China suffered from many pressures. This study aimed to investigate the current psychological status and risk factors of the military health workers.Methods Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 194 military health workers from three inpatient wards in two COVID-19 specialized hospitals. The survey questions consisted of demographic information, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore potential risk factors for mental health problem.Results The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety and somatic symptoms were37.6%, 32.5% and 50%, respectively. Severe depression, generalized anxiety and somatic symptoms was 5.2%, 3.6% and 15.5%. In 22.7% of cases, comorbidities existed between depression, generalized anxiety and somatization. Junior-grade professional title was associated with depression, older age was associated with generalized anxiety and somatization, and less sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with all three symptoms.Conclusion The prevalence of depression, generalized anxiety and somatic symptoms were high in military health workers of COVID-19 specialized hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Junior-grade professional title, older age, less sleep duration, and poor sleep quality have significant effects on the mental health of military health workers. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19outbreak should become routine to promote the mental health of military health workers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental health problems and associated factors among front-line public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: an effort–reward imbalance model-informed study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yijing Wang ◽  
Jingdong Xu ◽  
Hua You ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
Reward Imbalance

Abstract Background Poor mental health status and associated risk factors of public health workers have been overlooked during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used the effort–reward imbalance model to investigate the association between work-stress characteristics (effort, over-commitment, reward) and mental health problems (anxiety and depression) among front-line public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A total of 4850 valid online questionnaires were collected through a self- constructed sociodemographic questionnaire, the adapted ERI questionnaire, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between ERI factors and mental health problems (i.e., depression and anxiety), with reward treated as a potential moderator in such associations. Results The data showed that effort and over-commitment were positively associated with depression and anxiety, while reward was negatively associated with depression and anxiety. Development and job acceptance were the two dimensions of reward buffered the harmful effect of effort/over-commitment on depression and anxiety, whereas esteem was non-significant. Conclusions This study confirmed the harmful effects of effort and over-commitment on mental health among public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Such effects could be alleviated through an appropriate reward system, especially the development and job acceptance dimensions of such a system. These findings highlight the importance of establishing an emergency reward system, comprising reasonable work-allocation mechanism, bonuses and honorary titles, a continuous education system and better career-development opportunities.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Study of Distress during COVID-19 Pandemic: Some Protective and Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7261
Author(s):  
Ankica Kosic ◽  
Tamara Džamonja Ignjatović ◽  
Nebojša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in different countries found an increase in anxiety, stress, and an exacerbation of previous mental health problems. This research investigated some of the protective and risk factors of distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, among which were the perception of receiving social support from family members and friends, and a chronic tendency to worry. The study was conducted in three European countries: Italy, Serbia, and Romania. A total of 1100 participants (Italy n = 491; Serbia n = 297; Romania n = 312) responded to a questionnaire. Results from this study show that distress during the COVID-19 pandemic is higher for people who are chronic worriers and those who have higher levels of fear of COVID-19. More specifically, it is confirmed that a chronic tendency to worry exacerbates the relationship between fear and distress: it is stronger for people who have a greater tendency to worry.

scholarly journals Maternal Mental Health under COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Wachiranun Sirikul ◽  
Krongporn Ongprasert ◽  
Chanodom Piankusol ◽  
Penprapa Siviroj
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
The Impact

Numerous nations have implemented lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequence of the lockdown on daily living, social participation, and health service accessibility, vulnerable people, for example, new mothers, may experience an increase in mental health problems. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Thai new mothers and the variables affecting their mental health. The survey data were collected from 903 Thai mothers with infants aged 0–12 months using an online platform and a face-to-face interview questionnaire survey between 17 July and 17 October 2020, during the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown period. For the final analysis, there were 862 participants who completed all of the questions. The full exploratory analysis was performed by multivariable linear regression to identify the variables influencing maternal mental health. Our study demonstrated that new mothers reported feeling a high extent to some extent of worry (44.9%), increased appetite (40.4%), becoming easily annoyed or irritable (39.1%), and feeling down (33.5%), whereas 82.7% felt able to cope with the first lockdown situation. Practiced relaxation techniques were associated with positive maternal mental health (adjusted β = 1.05, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.52, p < 0.001). The perceived impact of the COVID-19 lockdown was on the household’s ability to pay for rent, to make mortgage payments (adjusted β = −1.59, 95% CI −2.87 to −0.36, p = 0.011), the household’s ability to pay for other essentials, such as utilities and medication (adjusted β = −1.99, 95% CI −3.16 to −0.81, p = 0.001), household crowding after lockdown (adjusted β = −3.46, 95% CI −4.86 to −2.06, p < 0.001), and not going outside or doing outdoor activities (adjusted β = −2.22, 95% CI −3.35 to −1.08, p < 0.001). These impacts were significantly associated with negative mental health. In conclusion, our results emphasize the critical need for continuous monitoring of maternal mental health and developing an effective response strategy and activity for promoting maternal mental health under the stress of repetitive lockdowns and increased economic pressures.

scholarly journals Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

10.2196/22817 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e22817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Sudeep Hegde ◽  
Changwon Son ◽  
Bruce Keller ◽  
Alec Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
The Impact

Background Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has generally increased levels of stress and depression among the public. However, the impact on college students in the United States has not been well-documented. Objective This paper surveys the mental health status and severity of depression and anxiety of college students in a large university system in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online survey was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students recruited from Texas A&M University via email. The survey consisted of two standardized scales—the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the General Anxiety Disorder-7—for depression and anxiety, and additional multiple-choice and open-ended questions regarding stressors and coping mechanisms specific to COVID-19. Results Among the 2031 participants, 48.14% (n=960) showed a moderate-to-severe level of depression, 38.48% (n=775) showed a moderate-to-severe level of anxiety, and 18.04% (n=366) had suicidal thoughts. A majority of participants (n=1443, 71.26%) indicated that their stress/anxiety levels had increased during the pandemic. Less than half of the participants (n=882, 43.25%) indicated that they were able to cope adequately with the stress related to the current situation. Conclusions The proportion of respondents showing depression, anxiety, and/or suicidal thoughts is alarming. Respondents reported academic-, health-, and lifestyle-related concerns caused by the pandemic. Given the unexpected length and severity of the outbreak, these concerns need to be further understood and addressed.

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