scholarly journals NeuroSmog: Determining the impact of air pollution on the developing brain: project protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana Markevych ◽  
Natasza D Orlov ◽  
James Grellier ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczmarek Majer ◽  
Malgorzata Lipowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) may affect neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. The mechanisms underlying these relationships are not currently known. We aim to assess whether PM affects the developing brains of schoolchildren in Poland, a European country characterized by very high levels of particulate air pollution. Methods Between 2020 and 2022, 800 children aged 10 to 13 years are being recruited as participants in a case-control study. Cases (children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) are being recruited from psychology clinics. Population-based controls are being sampled from schools. The study area comprises 18 towns in southern Poland characterized by wide-ranging levels of PM. Comprehensive psychological assessments are being conducted to assess cognitive and social functioning. Cases and controls undergo MRI including T1, T2 and MP2RAGE structural imaging, task (Go/NoGo) and resting-state MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Concentrations of PM are being assessed using land use regression models, which incorporate data from air monitoring networks, dispersion models, and characteristics of roads and other land cover types. The estimated concentrations will be assigned to prenatal and postnatal residential and preschool/school addresses of all study subjects. We will assess whether long-term exposure to outdoor PM affects brain function, structure, and connectivity in healthy children and those diagnosed with ADHD. Results and Discussion This comprehensive study will provide novel, in-depth understanding of the neurodevelopmental effects of air pollution.

scholarly journals NeuroSmog: Determining the Impact of Air Pollution on the Developing Brain: Project Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Iana Markevych ◽  
Natasza Orlov ◽  
James Grellier ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczmarek-Majer ◽  
Małgorzata Lipowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) may affect neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. The mechanisms underlying these relationships are not currently known. We aim to assess whether PM affects the developing brains of schoolchildren in Poland, a country characterized by high levels of PM pollution. Children aged from 10 to 13 years (n = 800) are recruited to participate in this case–control study. Cases (children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) are being recruited by field psychologists. Population-based controls are being sampled from schools. The study area comprises 18 towns in southern Poland characterized by wide-ranging levels of PM. Comprehensive psychological assessments are conducted to assess cognitive and social functioning. Participants undergo structural, diffusion-weighted, task, and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PM concentrations are estimated using land use regression models, incorporating information from air monitoring networks, dispersion models, and characteristics of roads and other land cover types. The estimated concentrations will be assigned to the prenatal and postnatal residential and preschool/school addresses of the study participants. We will assess whether long-term exposure to PM affects brain function, structure, and connectivity in healthy children and in those diagnosed with ADHD. This study will provide novel, in-depth understanding of the neurodevelopmental effects of PM pollution.

scholarly journals The Impact of Multi-pollutant Clusters on the Association between Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Microvascular Function

Epidemiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Petter L. Ljungman ◽  
Elissa H. Wilker ◽  
Mary B. Rice ◽  
Elena Austin ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Measurement of carbonaceous aerosol with different sampling configurations and frequencies

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2639-2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cheng ◽  
K.-B. He
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Quartz Filter ◽  
Sampling Duration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A common approach for measuring the mass of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in airborne particulate matter involves collection on a quartz fiber filter and subsequent thermal–optical analysis. Although having been widely used in aerosol studies and in PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) chemical speciation monitoring networks in particular, this measurement approach is prone to several types of artifacts, such as the positive sampling artifact caused by the adsorption of gaseous organic compounds onto the quartz filter, the negative sampling artifact due to the evaporation of OC from the collected particles and the analytical artifact in the thermal–optical determination of OC and EC (which is strongly associated with the transformation of OC into char OC and typically results in an underestimation of EC). The presence of these artifacts introduces substantial uncertainties to observational data on OC and EC and consequently limits our ability to evaluate OC and EC estimations in air quality models. In this study, the influence of sampling frequency on the measurement of OC and EC was investigated based on PM2.5 samples collected in Beijing, China. Our results suggest that the negative sampling artifact of a bare quartz filter could be remarkably enhanced due to the uptake of water vapor by the filter medium. We also demonstrate that increasing sampling duration does not necessarily reduce the impact of positive sampling artifact, although it will enhance the analytical artifact. Due to the effect of the analytical artifact, EC concentrations of 48 h averaged samples were about 15 % lower than results from 24 h averaged ones. In addition, it was found that with the increase of sampling duration, EC results exhibited a stronger dependence on the charring correction method and, meanwhile, optical attenuation (ATN) of EC (retrieved from the carbon analyzer) was more significantly biased by the shadowing effect. Results from this study will be useful for the design of China's PM2.5 chemical speciation monitoring network, which can be expected to be inaugurated in the near future.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter on Consumer Expenditures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1855
Author(s):  
Hojin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

Airborne particulate matter suspended from industrial facilities, power plants, and automobiles is detrimental to health. Growing concerns about the increasing level of airborne particulate matter have led many industrialized nations to advocate for the transformation of the energy market and investment in sustainable energy products. At the other end, consumers have made individual adjustments and attempted to reduce the exposure to the particulate matter. In this paper, we focus on the effect of ambient air pollution on consumer expenditures based on scanner panel data on consumers’ debit and credit card transactions. A series of empirical analyses found robust evidence that the increased level of particulate matter led to considerable disruption in total consumer expenditures with significant heterogeneity across categories. Our findings suggest that consumers alter their spending behaviors in an attempt to reduce the risk of exposures to particulate matter. Such an estimated effect of air pollution is qualitatively different from those of other macroeconomic factors and provides important guidance for policy interventions and practical decisions aimed at sustaining economic growth.

Effects of particulate air pollution on systolic blood pressure: A population-based approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed Harrabi ◽  
Virginie Rondeau ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
Jean-François Tessier ◽  
Laurent Filleul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution

scholarly journals Association between long term exposure to particulate matter and incident hypertension in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viyey Doulatram-Gamgaram ◽  
Sergio Valdés ◽  
Cristina Maldonado-Araque ◽  
Ana Lago-Sampedro ◽  
Rocío Badía-Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractExposure to air particulate matter has been linked with hypertension and blood pressure levels. The metabolic risks of air pollution could vary according to the specific characteristics of each area, and has not been sufficiently evaluated in Spain. We analyzed 1103 individuals, participants in a Spanish nationwide population based cohort study ([email protected]), who were free of hypertension at baseline (2008–2010) and completed a follow-up exam of the cohort (2016–2017). Cohort participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during follow-up (2008–2016) obtained through modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). Mean and SD concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 20.17 ± 3.91 μg/m3 and 10.83 ± 2.08 μg/m3 respectively. During follow-up 282 cases of incident hypertension were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the lowest quartile of PM10, the multivariate weighted ORs (95% CIs) for developing hypertension with increasing PM10 exposures were 0.82 (0.59–1.14), 1.28 (0.93–1.78) and 1.45 (1.05–2.01) in quartile 2, 3 and 4 respectively (p for a trend of 0.003). The corresponding weighted ORs according to PM2.5 exposures were 0.80 (0.57–1.13), 1.11 (0.80–1.53) and 1.48 (1.09–2.00) (p for trend 0.004). For each 5-μg/m3 increment in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, the odds for incident hypertension increased 1.22 (1.06–1.41) p = 0.007 and 1.39 (1.07–1.81) p = 0.02 respectively. In conclusion, our study contributes to assessing the impact of particulate pollution on the incidence of hypertension in Spain, reinforcing the need for improving air quality as much as possible in order to decrease the risk of cardiometabolic disease in the population.

scholarly journals Determining the effects of nanoparticulate air pollution on proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243419
Author(s):  
Emily H. Green ◽  
Elise A. Kikis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The proteostasis network comprises the biochemical pathways that together maintain and regulate proper protein synthesis, transport, folding, and degradation. Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a failure of the proteostasis network to sustain the health of the proteome, resulting in protein misfolding, aggregation, and, often, neurotoxicity. Although important advances have been made in recent years to identify genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, we still know relatively little about environmental risk factors such as air pollution. Exposure to nano-sized particulate air pollution, referred to herein as nanoparticulate matter (nPM), has been shown to trigger the accumulation of misfolded and oligomerized amyloid beta in mice. This suggests that the ability to maintain proteostasis is likely compromised in Alzheimer ‘s disease (AD) pathogenesis upon exposure to nPM. We aim to determine whether this aspect of the environment interacts with proteostasis network machinery to trigger protein misfolding. This could at least partially explain how air pollution exacerbates the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases of aging, such as AD. We hypothesize that nPM challenges the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network by reducing the efficiency of folding for metastable proteins, thereby disrupting what has proven to be a very delicate proteostasis balance. We will test this hypothesis using C. elegans as our model system. Specifically, we will determine the impact of particulate air pollution on the aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated reporters of proteostasis and on transcriptional responses to stress.

scholarly journals Using epidemiology to estimate the impact and burden of exposure to air pollutants

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2183) ◽  
pp. 20190321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Gowers ◽  
Heather Walton ◽  
Karen S. Exley ◽  
J. Fintan Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the use of results of epidemiological studies to quantify the effects on health, particularly on mortality, of long-term exposure to air pollutants. It introduces health impact assessment methods, used to predict the benefits that can be expected from implementation of interventions to reduce emissions of pollutants. It also explains the estimation of annual mortality burdens attributable to current levels of pollution. Burden estimates are intended to meet the need to communicate the size of the effect of air pollution on public health to policy makers and others. The implications, for the interpretation of the estimates, of the assumptions and approximations underlying the methods are discussed. The paper starts with quantification based on results obtained from studies of the association of mortality risk with long-term average concentrations of particulate air pollution. It then tackles the additional methodological considerations that need to be addressed when also considering the mortality effects of other pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). Finally, approaches that could be used to integrate morbidity and mortality endpoints in the same assessment are touched upon. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.

scholarly journals The Impact of Air Pollution on Intestinal Microbiome of Asthmatic Children: A Panel Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Kexing Zhang ◽  
Xifang Lv ◽  
Xue Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Intestinal microbiome can influence human health. Previous researches showed that the intestinal microbiome played an important role in immune responses associated with allergic disease. Colonization of intestinal microorganisms in the early life could affect future susceptibility to asthma. In China the incidence of childhood asthma raised sharply in recent years and the air pollution was serious in the meantime. Based on the above theories and conditions, the main objective of this article was to explore the impact of air pollution on intestinal microbiome of asthmatic children preliminary. Results A total of 42 fecal samples from 21 children, among whom 11 children with asthma and 10 children without asthma, were collected twice in a clean day and a polluted day respectively. Identifying the bacteria in gut by the method of high throughput sequencing for 16SrRNA gene. The results showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in all children. Proteobacteria (p=0.020) increased significantly and Bacteroidetes (p=0.072) decreased marginally significantly in asthmatic children compared with healthy children. Bacteroidetes (p=0.067) showed marginally significant increasing and Actinobacteria (p=0.001) showed significant decline in asthmatic children after air pollution. The variations of Firmicutes (p=0.106) and Proteobacteria (p=0.064) were marginally significant in healthy children after air pollution. Analyzed by multiple linear regression, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes at phylum level, Bacteroidia at class level, Clostridium_sensu_ stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter at genus level significantly correlated with environmental pollutants (p<0.05), including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3. Conclusion Composition of intestinal microbiome in asthmatic children were different from healthy children significantly, and air pollution could impact on intestinal microbiome both in asthmatic and healthy children.

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