Early neurodevelopmental problems and risk for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in the general child population: a Japanese birth cohort study

Background: An overrepresentation of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has been observed in individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Previous studies on the association between ARFID and NDDs are limited to cross-sectional data from clinical samples of small size. This study aimed to extend previous research by using prospectively collected data in children from a general population sample. We examined the occurrence and predictive power of early neurodevelopmental problems in 4-7-year-old children with suspected ARFID. Methods: Data were collected via parent-report in 3,728 children born between 2011 and 2014 in Kochi prefecture, a sub-sample of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Neurodevelopmental problems were assessed with several instruments at different time points between 0.5 and 3 years of age as part of the JECS. In an add-on study, ARFID was identified cross-sectionally (between 4 and 7 years of age) using a newly developed screening tool. Results: Circa 3% of children at high risk for NDDs in preschool age screened positive for ARFID between age 4 and 7 years, reflecting a three times increased risk of suspected ARFID. A fifth (20.8%) of children with suspected ARFID had likely NDDs, compared to 8.6% of children without suspected ARFID. Developmental delay trajectories of children with and without suspected ARFID started to divert after the age of 6 months. Only 2.2% of children with early feeding problems later screened positive for ARFID. The inclusion of neurodevelopmental problems improved the prediction of later ARFID. Conclusions: The results mirror the previously observed overrepresentation of NDDs in ARFID populations, although to a weaker extent. In non-clinical populations, early feeding problems are common and rarely develop into ARFID, however, our findings imply that they should be monitored closely in children with high neurodevelopmental risk in order to prevent ARFID.

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Abstract P067: Association of Number of Eating Episodes per Day with Blood Pressure: INTERMAP Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap067 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Ghadeer S Aljuraiban ◽

Queenie Chan ◽

Ian Brown ◽

Martha Daviglus ◽

Jeremiah Stamler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Food Intake ◽

Population Sample ◽

Average Energy ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health History ◽

Special Diet ◽

Meal Timing ◽

History Of

Background: Greater meal frequency per day may relate favorably to blood pressure (BP) levels of individuals. Aims: Explore associations of BP with frequency of food intake and meal timing among American participants of the INTERMAP Study. Whether differential nutrient intakes are contributing to observed BP differences is also explored. Methods: The INTERMAP Study is a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of 4,680 men and women ages 40–59 years in China, Japan, United Kingdom and United States (US). Data include findings from four 24-hour dietary recalls, two 24-hour urine collections, 8 BP measurements and health history questionnaires. Meals and snacks will be referred to as “eating episodes” (EP), where an eating episode is an intake of energy separated from the previous intake of food by a period of time. Results: Among 2,195 US participants, mean number of EP was 5.8 (SD 1.7) and average energy/EP was 423.0 kcal (SD 160.6) per day. About 57% of participants had less than 6 EP per day and had significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) compared to 43% of participants having 6 or more EP per day (119.3 mmHg, SD 13.9 vs. 117.7 mmHg, SD 13.9 P=0.01). Mean energy/EP, adjusted for sex, age, population sample and body mass index (BMI), was significantly higher among those having less than 6 EP per day then those with 6 or more EP per day (P<0.0001). Association of average number of EP with SBP was consistently negative in linear regression models adjusted for energy, sex, age, BMI, special diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and family history of hypertension (b=−0.04, P=0.04). Conclusions: Smaller more frequent intake of meals/snacks relates favorably to BP levels. Several mechanisms may be involved, e.g., improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, with spreading food intake throughout the day.

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Associations of self-reported atopic dermatitis with comorbid conditions in adults: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMC Dermatology ◽

10.1186/s12895-020-00117-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jevgenija Smirnova ◽

Scott Montgomery ◽

Magnus Lindberg ◽

Åke Svensson ◽

Laura von Kobyletzki

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Population Sample ◽

Chronic Health Conditions ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Health ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between atopic dermatitis (AD) and other common chronic health conditions in adults. Methods A cross-sectional survey was sent to a randomly selected population sample of 78,004 adults in Sweden. The questionnaires included measures of self-reported physical and mental health. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the associations of AD with common chronic health conditions and psychological wellbeing. Results AD was self-reported by 4,175 respondents, representing almost 14% of the study population of 34,313 adults. Our results showed positive associations between AD and chronic health disorders, including conditions of the oral cavity: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30 to 1.92), asthma (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.91 to 2.38), mild recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.64 to 1.92), high blood pressure (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.26), obesity (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.47), mild joint pain (aRRR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.61), mild headache or migraine (aRRR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.64), caries (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.49), bleeding gums (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.08), periodontitis (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.77), sensitive teeth (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.82), and dry mouth (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.33 to 1.74). Adjustment for asthma and depression attenuated the magnitude of the associations between AD and the study outcomes. AD was also associated with poorer general psychological wellbeing. Conclusions Adults reporting AD may be at increased risk of chronic disorders and decreased psychological wellbeing. Physicians should recognize that individuals with severe AD and those with comorbid asthma or depression may be especially vulnerable.

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Abstract P055: Diet, Lifestyle And Blood Pressure of Non-alcohol Drinkers and Alcohol Drinkers in The Intermap Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap055 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Queenie Chan ◽

Jeremiah Stamler ◽

Ian Brown ◽

Martha L Daviglus ◽

Linda Van Horn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Food Intake ◽

Population Sample ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Special Diet ◽

Heavy Drinkers

Background: Non-drinkers and alcohol drinkers differ in social and cultural traits, lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, exercise, diet) and blood pressure (BP). Objective: Assess whether differences in lifestyle traits, particularly food intake, among non-alcohol drinkers, moderate and heavy alcohol drinkers account for higher BP of heavy drinkers. Methods: The INTERMAP Study is a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of 4,680 men and women ages 40–59 years from 17 population samples in China, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. With standardized quality-controlled methods, four 24-hour dietary recalls, 2 timed 24-hour urine collections, 8 BP measurements and questionnaire data were accrued. Data on lifetime alcohol use and daily alcohol consumption over the previous 7 days were obtained at two visits (14 days total). Results: Heavy alcohol drinkers (>26 g alcohol/day for men; >13 g alcohol/day for women) were more likely to be cigarette smokers, and had lower age-sex-sample adjusted mean body mass index (BMI) and higher adjusted total energy intake than moderate and non-alcohol drinkers (P<0.001). Heavy alcohol drinkers had mean systolic and diastolic BP higher by 3.2/2.1 mm Hg (P<0.001) compared to non/moderate drinkers adjusted for sex, population sample, age, years of education, cigarette smoking, physical activity, employment, marital status, family history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus diagnosis, supplement intake, and special diet. With additional adjustment for BMI, the BP differences between non/moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers increased 8% to 3.5 mm Hg for systolic and 2.3 mm Hg for diastolic (P<0.001). Heavy drinkers had significantly lower intakes of pasta and rice, bread, cereals, milk, ice-cream, table spread, vegetable oil, fresh fruits, fruit juices, raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, sweet snacks and non-alcoholic beverages, and higher intakes of meat, fish, shellfish and nuts compared to non-drinkers and moderate drinkers. Of 17 foods with significantly different intakes between heavy drinkers and non/moderate drinkers had little or no influence on the higher BP of heavy drinkers (range from 0.00 to 0.16 mm Hg, 0 to 5% changes). With adjustment for possible confounders and multiple foods, the adjusted mean BP differences between non/moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers were 3.2 mm Hg for systolic (P<0.001) and 2.1 mm Hg for diastolic (P<0.001). Results were similar for men and women analysed separately. Conclusions: Differences in food intake did not account for the significantly higher BP among heavy drinkers suggesting that other lifestyle traits may operate, and/or that heavy drinking per se is the responsible trait.

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The forearm fractures in patients with diabetes and without diabetes in population sample aged over 50 years (Novosibirsk)

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl9799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 78-87

Author(s):

Elena S. Mazurenko ◽

Sofiya K. Malyutina ◽

Liliya V. Shcherbakova ◽

Svetlana V. Mustafina ◽

Tatiana M. Nikitenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Forearm Fracture ◽

Population Sample ◽

Osteoporotic Fractures ◽

Forearm Fractures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

BACKGROUND: The attention to the forearm fractures, as to osteoporotic fractures, is important for ensuring early detection of individuals at increased risk of future fractures and taking preventive measures. AIMS: To determine the frequency of a history of forearm fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and without diabetes, and their association with risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 20152017, in Novosibirsk, a random urban population sample of males and females, 5884 years old (n=3878), was surveyed. The study included persons who signed the informed consent to conduct the study, excluded individuals who wrote a waiver of taking blood to determine biochemical parameters. In total, the analysis included n=3393 people, 718 of them with DM2 (21.2%). Work design is cross-sectional research. The collection of information on fractures during for the last 3 years, the registration of socio-demographic data; and risk factors for NCD, a study of biochemical blood parameters. The analysis of the association of DM2 and a complex of risk factors for NCD with a chance of a forearm fracture. RESULTS: The prevalence of forearm fractures in the last 3 years did not differ in patients with DM2 compared with those examined without diabetes and was 2.4% and 2.8%, respectively (p=0.557). Men with fractures had higher cholesterol and HDL values, women had lower body mass index (BMI), compared with people without fractures. According to the results of a multivariate analysis in women, the chance of a forearm fracture is directly associated with smoking in the past, a total cholesterol level of more than 200 mg/dl and inversely associated with a BMI. In men, associations were found of the chance of a forearm fracture with an increase in the level of cholesterol. There was no evidence of DM2 with forearm fracture. CONCLUSION: The obtained data on the incidence of fractures and their association with risk factors for chronic low risk infections suggest the need for preventive measures for osteoporotic fractures, both in people with and without DM2.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight and Obesity among Preschool-Aged Children in San Luis Obispo County, 2006-2014

Californian Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.32398/cjhp.v16i1.2125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

Kristine Z. Jankovitz ◽

Alison K. Ventura ◽

Trevor M. Curry ◽

Victoria B. Howarth ◽

Caitlin C. Moran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Start ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

San Luis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sociodemographic Predictors ◽

State And Local ◽

National Trends ◽

National Prevalence

Background and Purpose: National prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among children remains high; surveillance of OW/OB at state- and local-levels is needed. This study determines the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of OW/OB among preschool-age children in San Luis Obispo (SLO) County. Methods: Cross-sectional convenience samples of Head Start, California State, and private preschools were surveyed in 2006 (n=482), 2009/10 (n=559), and 2014 (n=442). At all waves, preschool children aged 3-5 years were measured for height and weight using standardized stadiometer and digital scale protocols. In 2014, parents completed a demographics questionnaire. Results: Children assessed in 2009/10 and 2014 were more likely to be OW/OB than those assessed in 2006 (p=0.016). Unadjusted, bivariate odds ratios illustrated increased risk for OW/OB was associated with Hispanic ethnicity, residing in a lower income household, attending preschool in southern SLO County, and participation in a Head Start preschool. In the adjusted, multivariable model, increased risk for OW/OB was associated with attending preschool in SLO City and participation in a California State or Head Start preschool. Conclusion: OW/OB trends in SLO County are similar to national trends. Programs to continue to monitor and reduce socioeconomic disparity in OW/OB prevalence among young children are needed.

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MRI CLINICAL RATINGS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL POPULATION STUDY OF DEMENTIA: THE CACHE COUNTY MEMORY STUDY

Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease ◽

10.14283/jpad.2019.1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Y.H.W. Tsui-Caldwell ◽

T.J. Farrer ◽

Z. McDonnell ◽

Z. Christensen ◽

C. Finuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Population Sample ◽

Population Based ◽

White Matter Integrity ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Cache County

BACKGROUND: White matter integrity in aging populations is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, dementia diagnosis, and mortality. Population-based data can elucidate this association. Objectives: To examine the association between white matter integrity, as measured by a clinical rating scale of hyperintensities, and mental status in older adults including advanced aging. Design: Scheltens Ratings Scale was used to qualitatively assess white matter (WM) hyperintensities in participants of the Cache County Memory Study (CCMS), an epidemiological study of Alzheimer’s disease in an exceptionally long-lived population. Further, the relation between Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and WM hyperintensities were explored. Method: Participants consisted of 415 individuals with dementia and 22 healthy controls. Results: CCMS participants, including healthy controls, had high levels of WM pathology as measured by Scheltens Ratings Scale score. While age did not significantly relate to WM pathology, higher Scheltens Ratings Scale scores were associated with lower MMSE findings (correlation between -0.14 & -0.22; p < .05). Conclusions: WM pathology was common in this county-wide population sample of those ranging in age from 65 to 106. Increased WM burden was found to be significantly associated with decreased overall MMSE performance.

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Associations between parental alcohol problems in childhood and adversities during childhood and later adulthood: a cross-sectional study of 28047 adults from the general population

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-021-00384-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siri Håvås Haugland ◽

Barbara Carvalho ◽

Tonje Holte Stea ◽

Arve Strandheim ◽

John-Kåre Vederhus

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Family Environment ◽

Population Sample ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Short Version ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Parental Alcohol

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are related to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, few larger studies based on a general population sample with age groups ranging from young adults to elderly have investigated whether parental alcohol problems increase the risk of offspring subjective reports of ACE both during childhood and current adult adversities. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parental alcohol problems and adversities during childhood and later in adulthood. Methods The 28,047 respondents were adults (> 18 years old) from the general population who participated in the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey. The study had a cross-sectional design and included respondents’ evaluations of childhood experiences and current adult adversities. The short version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6, cut-off ≥3) measured parental alcohol problems. Multivariable logistic regression was adjusted for gender, age, and education. Results Growing up with parental alcohol problems strongly increased the risk of experiencing a dysfunctional family environment during childhood (odds ratio [OR] 6.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.36–7.36), perceiving childhood as difficult (OR 5.01; 95% CI 4.58–5.49), and reporting a lack of support from a trusted adult (OR 3.07; 95% CI 2.86–3.29). Parental alcohol problems were associated with a modestly increased risk of harmful alcohol use (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.29–1.48), but the association with struggling with bad memories was strong (OR 4.56; 95% CI 4.17–4.98). Conclusions Parental alcohol problems increased the risk of offspring experiencing adversities during both childhood and adulthood. Providing supportive services to these children and their families and addressing this issue as part of treatment is important to prevent alcohol related harm.

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Symptoms of depression and anxiety during adult life: evidence for a decline in prevalence with age

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291798007570 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1321-1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

A. S. HENDERSON ◽

A. F. JORM ◽

A. E. KORTEN ◽

P. JACOMB ◽

H. CHRISTENSEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Population Sample ◽

Adult Life ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Striking Change

Background. To test the hypothesis that the prevalence, in the general population, of symptoms of depression and anxiety declines with age.Methods. A general population sample of 2725 persons aged 18 to 79 years was administered two inventories for current symptoms of depression and anxiety, together with measures of neuroticism and of exposures that may confer increased risk of such symptoms.Results. Symptoms of depression showed a decline with age in both men and women. For anxiety, the decline was statistically significant for women but not consistently so for men. For the risk factors examined, there was a decline with age in the neuroticism score, the frequency of adverse life events, being seriously short of money and having had parents who separated or divorced. Further analysis showed that the association between age and a declining symptom score cannot be entirely attributed to these risk factors, with the single exception of neuroticism. The latter is itself likely to be contaminated by current symptoms.Conclusion. Unless these findings are due to bias in the sample of those who agreed to participate, they add to the evidence that symptoms of depression and to a lesser extent of anxiety decline in prevalence with age. Some risk factors also decline with age. It now has to be determined if these cross-sectional observations are also to be found in longitudinal data; and what process may underlie this striking change in mental health during adulthood.

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Association of diabetes with atrial fibrillation types: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01423-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fadi Alijla ◽

Chepkoech Buttia ◽

Tobias Reichlin ◽

Salman Razvi ◽

Beatrice Minder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Sample ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia classified as paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal. Non-paroxysmal AF is associated with an increased risk of complications. Diabetes contributes to AF initiation, yet its role in AF maintenance is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the association of diabetes with AF types. Methods We searched 5 databases for observational studies investigating the association of diabetes with the likelihood of an AF type (vs another type) in humans. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Studies classifying AF types as paroxysmal (reference) and non-paroxysmal were pooled in a meta-analysis using random effects models. Results Of 1997 articles we identified, 20 were included in our systematic review. The population sample size ranged from 64 to 9816 participants with mean age ranging from 40 to 75 years and percentage of women from 24.8 to 100%. The quality of studies varied from poor (60%) to fair (5%) to good (35%). In the systematic review, 8 studies among patients with AF investigated the cross-sectional association of diabetes with non-paroxysmal AF (vs paroxysmal) of which 6 showed a positive association and 2 showed no association. Fourteen studies investigated the longitudinal association of diabetes with “more sustained” AF types (vs “less sustained”) of which 2 showed a positive association and 12 showed no association. In the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies, patients with AF and diabetes were 1.31-times more likely to have non-paroxysmal AF than those without diabetes [8 studies; pooled OR (95% CI), 1.31 (1.13–1.51), I2 = 82.6%]. The meta-analysis of longitudinal studies showed that for patients with paroxysmal AF, diabetes is associated with 1.32-times increased likelihood of progression to non-paroxysmal AF [five studies; pooled OR (95% CI), 1.32 (1.07–1.62); I2 = 0%]. Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetes is associated with an increased likelihood of non-paroxysmal AF rather than paroxysmal AF. However, further high quality studies are needed to replicate these findings, adjust for potential confounders, elucidate mechanisms linking diabetes to non-paroxysmal AF, and assess the impact of antidiabetic medications on AF types. These strategies could eventually help decrease the risk of non-paroxysmal AF among patients with diabetes.

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M28. BIDIRECTIONAL INFLUENCES BETWEEN PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN CHILEAN ADOLESCENTS: THE ROLE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AS MEDIATORS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S144-S145

Author(s):

Daniel Nunez ◽

Susana Campos ◽

Rosario Spencer ◽

María Faúndez ◽

Andrés Fresno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Community Sample ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Psychotic Experiences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Along with other domains of psychopathology, adolescents are at increased risk for psychotic experiences (PE) as well as for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempts. Literature has found robust associations between PE and SI, with suicidal risk appearing higher in subjects with persistent PE, in general and clinical samples. However, the associations between psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation are not clearly understood, and the role of common risk factors in this link, such as depression (DS), is controversial. Moreover, causality has yet to be properly stablished between PE and SI. A study recently found psychosis may be consequential to suicidal behavior. Under the novel “suicidal drive hypothesis for psychosis” framework, we examined whether depressive symptoms mediate the association between psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation on cross-sectional data from a community sample of adolescents. Additionally, we tested this mediating role when both PE and SI were the outcome variables. Methods 1708 Chilean school adolescents aged 13–19 years (M=15.68 + 1, 67, women= 39%) answered an online mental health screening between May and October 2019. The screening encompassed several questionnaires adapted for Chilean subjects, including the Columbia-suicide Severity Rating scale, the Community assessment for Psychic experiences (CAPE-P15) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Informed consent was granted by the parents and caregivers of adolescents. Mediation analyses were executed with the PROCESS statistical package. PROCESS runs regression-based mediations based on the Baron & Kenny procedure. A 5000 bootstrap resampling was used to estimate 95% confidence intervals; these are used to identify an indirect effect that suggests mediation. Results Pearson’s correlations showed significant associations between all the variables in (SI-DS: r= .624, p<.001; PE-SI: r= .539, p<.001; PE-DS: r= .708, p<.001). No demographic variables (i.e age, gender, education) were correlated significantly to the dependent variable (DV), therefore no covariates were controlled for in the mediation analyses. In the mediation analyses, model 1 showed SI as the DV. The link between psychotic experiences and suicide was mediated by depression (b= .3433, 95% BCa CI [.2981, .3885]). When the mediators were not included in the model, PE significantly predicted SI (b = .113, t = 26.45, p < 0.001). Additionally, in model 2, where PE was the DV, the link between suicidal ideation and psychotic experiences was mediated by depression as well (b= .3794, 95% BCa CI [.3431, .4150]). When the mediators were not included in the model, SI significantly predicted PE (b = 2.57, t = 26.45, p < 0.001). Both models exhibit robust and significant partial mediations. Discussion Our results indicate that depressive symptoms partially mediate the association between SI and PE. Moreover, either PE or SI could be outcome variables when depressive symptoms are mediators. This adds new evidence supporting that PE could consequential to SI as stated by the “suicidal drive hypothesis for psychosis”. Our exploratory findings must be carefully interpreted, mainly because of our cross-sectional design, and the fact that there could be unmeasured or non-controlled psychopathological confounder variables in our models.

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