Polygenic and socioeconomic risk for high body mass index: 69 years of follow-up across life

Background: Genetic influences on body mass index (BMI) appear to markedly differ across life, yet existing research is equivocal and limited by a paucity of life course data. Better understanding changes across life in the determinants of BMI may inform etiology, the timing of preventative efforts, and the interpretation of increasing number of studies utilizing genetically-informed designs to study BMI. We thus used a birth cohort study to investigate differences in association and explained variance in the polygenic prediction of BMI from infancy to old age (2-69 years) in a single sample. A secondary aim was to investigate how a key purported environmental influence on BMI (childhood socioeconomic position) differed across life, and whether it operated independently and/or multiplicatively of genetic influences. Methods: Data were from up to 2677 participants in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, with measured weight and height from infancy to old age (12 timepoints from 2-69 years) and genetic data (obtained from blood samples at 53 years). We derived three polygenic indices derived from GWAS of a) adult BMI, b) recalled childhood body size, and c) childhood-adolescence BMI. We investigated associations of each polygenic index and BMI at each age and compared in terms of absolute effect size and explained variance (R2). We used linear and quantile regression models, and finally investigated the additive or multiplicative role of childhood socioeconomic position. Results: Mean BMI and its variance increased across adulthood. For polygenic liability to higher adult BMI (Khera et al), the trajectories of effect size (beta) and explained variance (R-squared) diverged: explained variance peaked in early adulthood and plateaued thereafter, while absolute effect sizes increased throughout adulthood. For polygenic liability to higher childhood BMI, explained variance was largest in adolescence and early adulthood; effect sizes were marginally smaller in absolute terms from adolescence to adulthood. All polygenic indices were related to higher variation in BMI; effect sizes were sizably larger at the upper end of the BMI distribution. Socioeconomic and polygenic risk for higher BMI across life appear to operate additively; we found little evidence of interaction. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the likely independent influences of polygenic and socioeconomic factors on BMI across life. Despite sizable associations, the BMI variance explained by each plateaued or declined across adulthood while BMI variance itself increased. This is suggestive of the increasing importance of chance (non-shared) environmental influences on BMI across life.

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Weight and Body Mass Index in Old Age: Do They Still Matter?

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/jgs.14952 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (9) ◽

pp. 1898-1899 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tamara B. Harris

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Old Age ◽

Body Mass

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Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: longitudinal study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.323.7325.1331 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 323 (7325) ◽

pp. 1331-1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 310

Author(s):

T. J Parsons ◽

C. Power ◽

O. Manor

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Adulthood

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Body Mass Index in Early Adulthood and Endometrial Cancer Risk for Mismatch Repair Gene Mutation Carriers

Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1097/aog.0b013e3182110ea3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 899-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Aung Ko Win ◽

James G. Dowty ◽

Yoland C. Antill ◽

Dallas R. English ◽

John A. Baron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Mismatch Repair ◽

Gene Mutation ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Mismatch Repair Gene ◽

Repair Gene ◽

Endometrial Cancer Risk

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Abstract 05: Association of 25-Year Body Mass Index Trajectories Throughout Early Adulthood With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa B VanWagner ◽

Sadiya Khan ◽

Hongyan NIng ◽

Juned Siddique ◽

Cora E Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Bmi Trajectory

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has increased in parallel with obesity, is a risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer, and has few effective treatments. Identifying modifiable risk factors for NAFLD development is essential to effectively design prevention programs. We tested whether trajectories of body mass index (BMI) change throughout early adulthood were associated with risk of prevalent NAFLD in midlife independent of current BMI. Methods: Participants from the CARDIA study, a prospective multicenter population-based biracial cohort of adults (baseline age 18-30 years), underwent BMI measurement at exam years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25. At Year 25 (Y25, 2010-2011), liver fat was assessed by computed tomography. NAFLD was identified after exclusion of other causes of liver fat (alcohol/hepatitis). Latent mixture modeling was used to identify 25-year trajectories in BMI percent (%) change relative to baseline BMI over time. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between BMI trajectory group and prevalent NAFLD with adjustment for baseline or current Y25 BMI. Results: Among 4,423 participants, we identified 4 distinct trajectories of BMI %change: stable BMI (26.2% of the cohort, 25-year mean BMI Δ=0.7 kg/m 2 ), mild increase (46.0%, BMI Δ=5.2 kg/m 2 ), moderate increase (20.9%, BMI Δ=10.0 kg/m 2 ), and extreme increase (6.9%, BMI Δ=15.1 kg/m 2 ) (Figure). NAFLD prevalence at Y25 was higher with increasing BMI trajectory: 4.1%, 9.3%, 13.0%, and 17.6% (p-trend <0.0001). At baseline, 34.6% of participants had overweight or obesity. After adjustment for confounders, trajectories of greater BMI increase were associated with greater NAFLD prevalence independent of baseline or current Y25 BMI (Figure). Conclusion: Weight gain throughout adulthood is associated with greater prevalence of NAFLD in midlife independent of baseline or current BMI. These findings highlight weight maintenance throughout adulthood as a potential target for primary prevention of NAFLD.

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Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation with dermatological morbidities

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Dharmvir Ranjan Bharati ◽

Seema Kumari ◽

Kranti Chand Jaykar ◽

Ajay Kumar ◽

Sanjay Kumar Choudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Body Mass ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Large Family ◽

Lower Body ◽

Suicidal Tendency ◽

Lower Body Mass Index ◽

Lower Education

Background: The dermatologic consultation might be a precious opportunity to recognize and treat depression associated with suicidal ideation in these patients. This study aimed to find the prevalence of suicidal ideation among patients with dermatologic conditions, and identifying demographic variables of suicidal ideation. Methods: This institution based cross-sectional study was conducted during February to March 2017, at dermatological out-patients department of the teaching hospital Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India. Results: Of 396 adults with skin disease 272 (68.69%) were male. Prevalence of suicidal tendency was significantly more among young adults and higher in females (38.7%) than males (1.5%). In males, suicidal tendency was in patients suffering from tinea infection while among females, significantly more observed among patients suffering from tinea 38.71%, psoriasis 22.58% and chronic idiopathic urticaria 16.13%. The risk of suicidal tendency in males were significantly higher among 18–20 years, unemployed, belongs to smaller family, having lower body mass index and suffering from depression. While in females, suicidal tendency was significantly higher among early adulthood, not or lower education, unemployed, no personal income and vegetarian, belongs to large family, no family support, having lower body mass index and suffering from depression as well as suffering from some other medical comorbidity in addition to skin diseases. Conclusions: Risk correlates of suicidal ideation with skin diseases were early adulthood, lower education, unemployment with no personal income, vegetarian diet, large family, no family support, lower body mass index and suffering from depression and comorbidities.

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Body Mass Index and Its Change from Adolescence to Adulthood Are Closely Related to the Risk of Adult Metabolic Syndrome in China

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/8888862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Bingyang Liu ◽

Yue Li ◽

Jiamei Guo ◽

Yuting Fan ◽

Ling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Study Groups ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Baseline Bmi ◽

The Relationship

Aims. To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) and its change from adolescence to adulthood (ΔBMI) on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in early adulthood. Methods. We selected 931 students from 12 to 16 years of age in Liaoyang City, China. Ninety-three participants from 18 to 22 years of age with complete baseline data were available for follow-up after 5 years. Statistical analysis determined the relationship of MetS at follow-up with baseline BMI (BMIb), ΔBMI, and follow-up BMI (BMIf). Results. ΔBMI was positively correlated with the change of waist circumference (ΔWC), systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP), triglycerides (ΔTG), uric acid, and glycosylated hemoglobin (ΔHbA1c) in follow-up ( p < 0.05 ). For every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMIb, ΔBMI, and BMIf, the risk of MetS at follow-up increased 1.201-fold, 1.406-fold, and 1.579-fold, respectively. Both BMIb and ΔBMI were predictive of MetS at follow-up, with prediction thresholds of 23.47 kg/m2 and 1.95 kg/m2. The participants were divided by the predicted BMIb and ΔBMI threshold values into four study groups. Interestingly, the group with lower BMI but a higher increase in BMI presented the same metabolic derangements and Mets% of the group with higher BMI but lower Δ BMI. Conclusion. Both BMI of adolescence and ΔBMI were predictive of MetS and cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. Control of both variables in adolescents would be more effective in decreasing the risk of MetS in young adults than control of BMI alone.

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Trajectories of body mass index and overweight in early adulthood and blood pressure at 53 years

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.2009.096701z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. 26-26

Author(s):

A. Wills ◽

S. Black ◽

G. Mishra ◽

D. Kuh ◽

R. Hardy

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Adulthood

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Estimated and projected burden of multiple sclerosis attributable to smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyaa151 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Pakpoor ◽

Klaus Schmierer ◽

Jack Cuzick ◽

Gavin Giovannoni ◽

Ruth Dobson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Life ◽

Time Lag ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

High Body ◽

High Bmi

Abstract Background Smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index (BMI) are leading lifestyle-related risk factors of global premature morbidity and mortality, and have been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to estimate and project the proportion of MS incidence that could be prevented with elimination of these risk factors. Methods Prevalence estimates of high BMI during childhood/adolescence and smoking in early adulthood, and relative risks of MS, were obtained from published literature. A time-lag of 10 years was assumed between smoking in early adulthood and MS incidence, and a time-lag of 20 years was assumed between childhood/adolescent high BMI and MS incidence. The MS population attributable fractions (PAFs) of smoking and high BMI were estimated as individual and combined risk factors, by age, country and sex in 2015, 2025 and 2035 where feasible. Results The combined estimated PAFs for smoking and high BMI in 2015 were 14, 11, 12 and 12% for the UK, USA, Russia and Australia in a conservative estimate, and 21, 20, 19 and 16% in an independent estimate, respectively. Estimates for smoking are declining over time, whereas estimates for high early life BMI are rising. The PAF for high early life BMI is highest in the USA and is estimated to increase to 14% by 2035. Conclusions Assuming causality, there is the potential to substantially reduce MS incidence with the elimination of lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors, which are the target of global public health prevention strategies.

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