scholarly journals Seasonal variation of fermentation rate inSaccharomyces spp. (Ascomycota)?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Tiefenbrunner ◽  
Helmut Gangl ◽  
Ksenija Lopandic ◽  
Wolfgang Tiefenbrunner
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
White Light ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Epigenetic Memory ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
History Of

AbstractYeast species of the genusSaccharomycesshow some reaction to visible light – although they lack photo pigments and the typical clock genes of fungi – that can be explained by damage of the cytochrome electron transport chain of the mitochondria. Evidence for a circadian clock, entrainable by cyclic environmental stimuli, exists for periodic changing temperature and light as zeitgeber. Whether seasonality follows from the existence of a circadian clock – which is a necessary requirement for annual rhythms – remains unknown.Due to an accidental observation, we were able to show that fermentation taking place in complete darkness and at constant temperature is influenced in some yeast strains by the history of the inoculum culture. Using yeast cultures growing on agar plates and exposed to diffuse daylight for three weeks either in March or in May as inoculum, leads to significantly different fermentation rates in the inoculated grape juice in both months: rates are higher in March when day length is shorter than in May. In must inoculated with cultures that grew in darkness or daylight, respectively, higher fermentation rates occur by the former. Other yeast strains react to artificial white light in the same way.We used strains ofS. cerevisiae, S. eubayanus, S. kudriavzevii, S. uvarumand furthermore hybrid strains of two or even three of these species. The most pronounced reaction to daylight was shown by theS. eubayanusxS. uvarumxS. cerevisiaehybrid, followed byS. cerevisiaexS. kudriavzeviihybrids,S. eubayanusandS. cerevisiae. S. uvarumwas sensitive to artificial white light.These observations can hardly be explained by some kind of photo damage because they base on an effect that persists through many cell division cycles after yeasts were exposed to light. If it really represents seasonality epigenetic memory is likely involved, since fermentation lasts for many days and yeast generations. If the existence of a circadian clock and seasonal behaviour inSaccharomycesis confirmed these yeasts could become an important tool in basic research concerning epigenetic memory.

Into the Evening: Complex Interactions in the Arabidopsis circadian clock

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Dmitri A. Nusinow
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Direct Regulation

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, an assembly of proteins named the evening complex (EC) has been established as an essential component of the circadian clock with conserved functions in regulating plant growth and development. Recent studies identifying EC-regulated genes and EC-interacting proteins have expanded our understanding of EC function. In this review, we focus on new progress uncovering how the EC contributes to the circadian network through the integration of environmental inputs and the direct regulation of key clock genes. We also summarize new findings of how the EC directly regulates clock outputs, such as day-length dependent and thermoresponsive growth, and provide new perspectives on future experiments to address unsolved questions related to the EC.

scholarly journals The expression of circadian clock genes in Daphnia magna diapause

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Schwarzenberger ◽  
Luxi Chen ◽  
Linda C. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

AbstractDiapause is a mechanism necessary for survival in arthropods. Often diapause induction and resurrection is light-dependent and therefore dependent on the photoperiod length and on the number of consecutive short-days. In many organisms, including the microcrustacean Daphnia magna, one functional entity with the capacity to measure seasonal changes in day-length is the circadian clock. There is a long-standing discussion that the circadian clock also controls photoperiod-induced diapause. We tested this hypothesis in D. magna, an organism which goes into a state of suspended animation with the shortening of the photoperiod. We measured gene expression of clock genes in diapause-destined embryos of D. magna in the initiation, resting and resurrection phases and checked it against gene expression levels of continuously developing embryos. We demonstrate that some genes of the clock are differentially expressed during diapause induction but not during its maintenance. Furthermore, the photoreceptor gene cry2 and the clock-associated gene brp are highly expressed during induction and early diapause, probably in order to produce excess mRNA to prepare for immediate resurrection. After resurrection, both types of embryos show a similar pattern of gene expression during development. Our study contributes significantly to the understanding of the molecular basis of diapause induction, maintenance and termination.

scholarly journals Chromosome-level genome assembly and structural variant analysis of two laboratory yeast strains from the Peterhof Genetic Collection lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A Barbitoff ◽  
Andrew G Matveenko ◽  
Anton B Matiiv ◽  
Evgeniia M Maksiutenko ◽  
Svetlana E Moskalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Long Read ◽  
History Of ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Yeast Genomes

Abstract Thousands of yeast genomes have been sequenced with both traditional and long-read technologies, and multiple observations about modes of genome evolution for both wild and laboratory strains have been drawn from these sequences. In our study, we applied Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies to assemble complete genomes of two widely used members of a distinct laboratory yeast lineage, the Peterhof Genetic Collection (PGC), and investigate the structural features of these genomes including transposable element content, copy number alterations, and structural rearrangements. We identified numerous notable structural differences between genomes of PGC strains and the reference S288C strain. We discovered a substantial enrichment of mid-length insertions and deletions within repetitive coding sequences, such as in the SCH9 gene or the NUP100 gene, with possible impact of these variants on protein amyloidogenicity. High contiguity of the final assemblies allowed us to trace back the history of reciprocal unbalanced translocations between chromosomes I, VIII, IX, XI, and XVI of the PGC strains. We show that formation of hybrid alleles of the FLO genes during such chromosomal rearrangements is likely responsible for the lack of invasive growth of yeast strains. Taken together, our results highlight important features of laboratory yeast strain evolution using the power of long-read sequencing.

scholarly journals Transcriptomal dissection of soybean circadian rhythmicity in two geographically, phenotypically and genetically distinct cultivars

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Yue ◽  
Ze Jiang ◽  
Enoch Sapey ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

Abstract Background In soybean, some circadian clock genes have been identified as loci for maturity traits. However, the effects of these genes on soybean circadian rhythmicity and their impacts on maturity are unclear. Results We used two geographically, phenotypically and genetically distinct cultivars, conventional juvenile Zhonghuang 24 (with functional J/GmELF3a, a homolog of the circadian clock indispensable component EARLY FLOWERING 3) and long juvenile Huaxia 3 (with dysfunctional j/Gmelf3a) to dissect the soybean circadian clock with time-series transcriptomal RNA-Seq analysis of unifoliate leaves on a day scale. The results showed that several known circadian clock components, including RVE1, GI, LUX and TOC1, phase differently in soybean than in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that the soybean circadian clock is obviously different from the canonical model in Arabidopsis. In contrast to the observation that ELF3 dysfunction results in clock arrhythmia in Arabidopsis, the circadian clock is conserved in soybean regardless of the functional status of J/GmELF3a. Soybean exhibits a circadian rhythmicity in both gene expression and alternative splicing. Genes can be grouped into six clusters, C1-C6, with different expression profiles. Many more genes are grouped into the night clusters (C4-C6) than in the day cluster (C2), showing that night is essential for gene expression and regulation. Moreover, soybean chromosomes are activated with a circadian rhythmicity, indicating that high-order chromosome structure might impact circadian rhythmicity. Interestingly, night time points were clustered in one group, while day time points were separated into two groups, morning and afternoon, demonstrating that morning and afternoon are representative of different environments for soybean growth and development. However, no genes were consistently differentially expressed over different time-points, indicating that it is necessary to perform a circadian rhythmicity analysis to more thoroughly dissect the function of a gene. Moreover, the analysis of the circadian rhythmicity of the GmFT family showed that GmELF3a might phase- and amplitude-modulate the GmFT family to regulate the juvenility and maturity traits of soybean. Conclusions These results and the resultant RNA-seq data should be helpful in understanding the soybean circadian clock and elucidating the connection between the circadian clock and soybean maturity.

Circadian clock genes as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 102866
Author(s):  
Kun Xiang ◽  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Yu-Qian Hu ◽  
Yi-Sheng He ◽  
Guo-Cui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythm: Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Andy W. C. Man ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
Ning Xia
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Every organism has an intrinsic biological rhythm that orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes. Circadian rhythms are maintained by networks of molecular clocks throughout the core and peripheral tissues, including immune cells, blood vessels, and perivascular adipose tissues. Recent findings have suggested strong correlations between the circadian clock and cardiovascular diseases. Desynchronization between the circadian rhythm and body metabolism contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian rhythms are involved in controlling inflammatory processes and metabolisms, which can influence the pathology of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian clock genes are critical in maintaining the robust relationship between diurnal variation and the cardiovascular system. The circadian machinery in the vascular system may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The research on circadian rhythms in cardiovascular diseases is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on circadian rhythms and cardiovascular homeostasis, focusing on the circadian control of inflammatory processes and metabolisms. Based on the recent findings, we discuss the potential target molecules for future therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases by targeting the circadian clock.

What Color is My City?

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Adam Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
White Light ◽  
Sodium Vapor ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Lighting Technology ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gold Sodium ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
The City

The city of Los Angeles is converting its streetlights from orange-gold sodium vapor technology to cold, white light-emitting diodes. It’s a transition that will change the color of the city at night, in a place with a long history of experimentation with artificial lighting technology. That means not only that the city will appear different, but it will no longer correspond to memories of its coloration, or to its depictions in famous films.

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