scholarly journals A simulation-based approach to improve decoded neurofeedback performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Oblak ◽  
James Sulzer ◽  
Jarrod Lewis-Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe neural correlates of specific brain functions such as visual orientation tuning and individual finger movements can be revealed using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data. Neurofeedback based on these distributed patterns of brain activity presents a unique ability for precise neuromodulation. Recent applications of this technique, known as decoded neurofeedback, have manipulated fear conditioning, visual perception, confidence judgements and facial preference. However, there has yet to be an empirical justification of the timing and data processing parameters of these experiments. Suboptimal parameter settings could impact the efficacy of neurofeedback learning and contribute to the ‘non-responder’ effect. The goal of this study was to investigate how design parameters of decoded neurofeedback experiments affect decoding accuracy and neurofeedback performance. Subjects participated in three fMRI sessions: two ‘finger localizer’ sessions to identify the fMRI patterns associated with each of the four fingers of the right hand, and one ‘finger finding’ neurofeedback session to assess neurofeedback performance. Using only the localizer data, we show that real-time decoding can be degraded by poor experiment timing or ROI selection. To set key parameters for the neurofeedback session, we used offline simulations of decoded neurofeedback using data from the localizer sessions to predict neurofeedback performance. We show that these predictions align with real neurofeedback performance at the group level and can also explain individual differences in neurofeedback success. Overall, this work demonstrates the usefulness of offline simulation to improve the success of real-time decoded neurofeedback experiments.

Detection of Primitive Collective Behaviours in a Crowd Panic Simulation Based on Multi-Agent Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Patrix ◽  
Abdel-Illah Mouaddib ◽  
Sylvain Gatepaille
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Fusion Methods ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Using Data

In case of emergency and evacuation, it is often impossible to interpret manually the complex behaviour of a crowd, essentially due to the lack of staff and time needed to understand a situation. In the literature, a monitored system using data fusion methods makes it possible to perform automatic situation awareness. Using Swarm Intelligence domain, the authors propose an approach based on multi-agent system to simulate and detect primitive collective behaviours emerging from a crowd panic. It enables anticipating collective behaviours in real-time as well as their anomalies according to specific scenarios. Detection is the possibility to learn, recognize and anticipate different behaviours by a probabilistic model. The collective behaviour detection of a crowd panic in real-time is based on a learning method on an extended model of Hidden Markov Model. This paper presents experiments of simulation and detection using an implementation of a virtual environment.

scholarly journals MODELLING OF VTS SUPERVISOR BY ALGORITHM BASED ON PETRI NET: CASE STUDY OF DOVER INCIDENT

Transport ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Rino Bošnjak ◽  
Danko Kezić ◽  
Goran Belamarić ◽  
Srećko Krile
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Hybrid Petri Net ◽  
Collision Prevention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right

The paper deals with collision prevention problem in maritime transport in the area of the narrow canals with predefined routes. The Dover incident, which is analysed and described in the paper, has shown that the control of the passage of ships through the critical areas must be upgraded with an automatic supervising system, which warns the human operator of incorrect ship motion and help the operator to make the right and timely decision. The general idea is to improve the safety of navigation by introduction of automatic collision prevention based on automated supervisor helping to human operator in Vessel Traffic System (VTS) control centre. The VTS supervisor automatically monitors marine traffic by using data from Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) radar and others sensors. Such supervisor detects real time and Course Over Ground (COG) of the vessel entering a particular sector, and then estimates the required time for vessel’s passage into another sector. VTS supervisor compares the real time and estimated time of passage of the specific ship through particular sector as a part of surveillance area. In addition, it compares and monitors the deviation of the course during transition of zones (sectors). If significant difference for both values are occurred VTS supervisor triggers a time alarm or a course alarm respectively. In the paper authors have modelled and simulated collision prevention with performed by the alarm actions of VTS supervisor improved with algorithm module based on hybrid Petri net formalism and Visual Object Net ++ tool.

scholarly journals Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Women During Menopause Transition and Its Association With Cognitive Function and Serum Estradiol Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemin He ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jianfeng Qiu ◽  
Xingwei An ◽  
Weizhao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Menopause Transition ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveSerum hormone deficiencies during menopause transition may affect spontaneous brain activity and global cognition. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in spontaneous brain activity between premenopausal and perimenopausal women, and to investigate the associations between spontaneous brain activity, serum hormone levels and global cognition.MethodsThirty-two premenopausal women (47.75 ± 1.55 years) and twenty-five perimenopausal women (51.60 ± 1.63 years) underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scan. Clinical information including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), levels of estradiol (E2), free testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were measured. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to evaluate spontaneous brain activity alterations between perimenopausal and premenopausal women. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the associations between brain functional alterations and clinical measures in perimenopausal group.ResultsThe results demonstrated increased ReHo value in the right lingual gyrus (LG) and decreased ReHo value in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in perimenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. In perimenopausal group, ReHo of the right LG showed a negative correlation with level of E2 (r = -0.586, p = 0.002), ReHo of the right SFG showed a positive correlation with level of E2 (r = 0.470, p = 0.018) and MMSE (r = 0.614, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that women approaching menopause suffered from altered functions in brain regions related to cognitive function, working memory, the results also revealed a direct association between levels of E2 and brain functions in perimenopausal women.

scholarly journals Placebo analgesia does not reduce empathy for naturalistic depictions of others’ pain in a somatosensory specific way

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Hartmann ◽  
Federica Riva ◽  
Markus Rütgen ◽  
Claus Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Body Part ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Placebo Analgesia ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Hand Pain ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Empathy For Pain ◽  
The Right

AbstractEmpathy for pain involves the affective-motivational and sensory-discriminative pain network. The shared representations account postulates that sharing another’s pain recruits underlying brain functions also engaged during first-hand pain. Critically, causal evidence for this has only been shown for affective pain processing, while the specific contribution of one’s own somatosensory system to empathy remains controversial. Experimental paradigms used in previous studies did not a) direct attention towards a specific body part or b) employed naturalistic depictions of others’ pain, which could explain the absence of somatosensory effects. In this preregistered fMRI study, we thus aimed to test whether a causal manipulation of first-hand pain affects processing of empathy in a somatotopically- matched manner. Forty-five participants underwent a placebo analgesia induction in the right hand and observed pictures of right vs. left hands in pain. We found neither behavioral nor neural evidence for laterality-specific modulation of empathy for pain. However, exploratory analyses revealed a general effect of the placebo on empathy, and higher brain activity in bilateral anterior insula when viewing others’ hands in pain corresponding to one’s own placebo hand. These results refine our knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying empathy for pain by specifying the influence of first-hand pain on empathic responding.

scholarly journals Effects of Transpulmonary Administration of Caffeine on Brain Activity in Healthy Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Ueda ◽  
Masayuki Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Band Activity

The present study aimed to examine the effect of transpulmonary administration of caffeine on working memory and related brain functions by electroencephalography measurement. The participants performed working memory tasks before and after vaporizer-assisted aspiration with inhalation of caffeinated- and non-caffeinated liquids in the caffeine and sham conditions, respectively. Transpulmonary administration of caffeine tended to increase the rate of correct answers. Moreover, our findings suggest that transpulmonary administration of caffeine increases the theta-band activity in the right prefrontal, central, and temporal areas during the task assigned post-aspiration. Our results may indicate an efficient and fast means of eliciting the stimulatory effects of transpulmonary administration of caffeine.

scholarly journals The Human Dynamic Clamp Reveals the Fronto-Parietal Network Linking Real-Time Social Coordination and Cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 3271-3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dumas ◽  
Q Moreau ◽  
E Tognoli ◽  
J A S Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dynamic Clamp ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sensorimotor Mechanisms

Abstract How does the brain allow us to interact with others? Social neuroscience has already provided some answers to these questions but has tended to treat high-level, cognitive interpretations of social behavior separately from the sensorimotor mechanisms upon which they rely. The goal here is to identify the underlying neural processes and mechanisms linking sensorimotor coordination and intention attribution. We combine the human dynamic clamp, a novel paradigm for studyingrealistic social behavior, with high-resolution electroencephalography. The collection of humanness and intention attribution reports, kinematics, and neural data affords an opportunity to relate brain activity to the ongoing social behavior. Behavioral results demonstrate that sensorimotor coordination influences the judgments of cooperativeness and humanness. Analysis of brain dynamics reveals two distinct networks related to the integration of visuo-motor information from self and other which overlap over the right parietal region. Furthermore, judgment of humanness and cooperation of others modulate the functional connectivity between this right parietal hub and the prefrontal cortex. These results reveal how distributed neural dynamics integrates information from “low-level” sensorimotor mechanisms and “high-level” social cognition to support the realistic social behaviors that play out in real time during interactive scenarios.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

Techniques of Viral Marketing

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Arockia Jeyasheela A ◽  
Dr.S. Chandramohan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company

This study is discussed about the viral marketing. It is a one of the key success of marketing. This paper gave the techniques of viral marketing. It can be delivered word of mouth. It can be created by both the representatives of a company and consumer (individuals or communities). The right viral message with go to right consumer to the right time. Viral marketing is easy to attract the consumer. It is most important advertising to consumer. It involves consumer perception, organization contribution, blogs, SMO (Social Media Optimize), SEO (Social Engine Optimize). Principles of viral marketing are social profile gathering, Proximity Market, Real time Key word density.

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