scholarly journals Stochastic models of the growth dynamics of some dendritic cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairia El-Said El-Nadi Khairia
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Stochastic Dynamical Systems ◽  
Subject Classifications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aggressive Tumor ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractDifferent models of tumor growth are considered. Some mathematical methods are developed to analyze the dynamics of mutations enabling cells in cancer patients to metas-tize. The mathematical models consist of some stochastic dynamical systems describing tumor cells and immune effectors. It is also considered a method to find the ideal outcome of some treatments. Some different types of dendritic cells are considered. The obtained results will help to find some suitable treatments,which can be successful in returning an aggressive tumor to its passive,non-immune evading state. The principle goal of this paper is to find ways to treat the cancer tumors before they can reach an advanced stage devel-opmen.AMS Subject Classifications92B05, 37C45.

scholarly journals Modelling nonlinear dynamics of interacting tipping elements on complex networks: the PyCascades package

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Wunderling ◽  
Jonathan Krönke ◽  
Valentin Wohlfarth ◽  
Jan Kohler ◽  
Jobst Heitzig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stochastic Dynamical Systems ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
The Individual

AbstractTipping elements occur in various systems such as in socio-economics, ecology and the climate system. In many cases, the individual tipping elements are not independent of each other, but they interact across scales in time and space. To model systems of interacting tipping elements, we here introduce the PyCascades open source software package for studying interacting tipping elements (10.5281/zenodo.4153102). PyCascades is an object-oriented and easily extendable package written in the programming language Python. It allows for investigating under which conditions potentially dangerous cascades can emerge between interacting dynamical systems, with a focus on tipping elements. With PyCascades it is possible to use different types of tipping elements such as double-fold and Hopf types and interactions between them. PyCascades can be applied to arbitrary complex network structures and has recently been extended to stochastic dynamical systems. This paper provides an overview of the functionality of PyCascades by introducing the basic concepts and the methodology behind it. In the end, three examples are discussed, showing three different applications of the software package. First, the moisture recycling network of the Amazon rainforest is investigated. Second, a model of interacting Earth system tipping elements is discussed. And third, the PyCascades modelling framework is applied to a global trade network.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL METHODS USING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Ulanchuk ◽  
Olena Zharun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Regional Development Strategy ◽  
Different Types

The article deals with the problems of the regional development strategy, which primarily should be aimed at increasing the soil fertility in Ukraine. Suggested concept of innovation-investment development of agriculture, which is based on the objective necessity of providing agricultural enterprises in future with investments taking into account the state of their development, the most complete use of internal opportunities and adaptation to changes in the external environment. The economic-mathematical model for setting the prospects of agricultural production development has been developed. To substantiate the development of agricultural enterprises of different types of production prospects, the task matrix includes data on production and financial activities which was collected on the basis of typical agricultural enterprises. These enterprises data was determined on the basis of processing of statistical information on agrarian formations of a certain region. The proposed economic-mathematical model of the problem is designed in such way that it is possible to introduce other variants for the determined situations, by making minor changes in the limitations of its matrix. It gives opportunities to set the need for investments for the goal achievement with the maximum predicted profit by enterprises of each separate production type and in the whole region of enterprises which are engaged in the production of agricultural products. The solution of the problem by this model will enable to determine in each production type of agricultural enterprises such a sectoral structure of production, which gives the opportunity to obtain maximum profits and the minimum terms of return on investment. Developed activities at the stage of practical realization and commercialization of innovations allow increasing income of the agricultural enterprises from the cattle breeding and plant growing sectors, to organize their own production of the required amount of cultures to ensure optimum forage production beef cattle and dairy direction, to preserve quality characteristics of cultivated of soils.

Case descriptions for use when training users of the IDEAL schedule

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Maya Semrau ◽  
Alistair Burns ◽  
Antonio Lobo ◽  
Marcel Olde Rikkert ◽  
Philippe Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter provides four case histories that can be used in the training of future users of the International Schedule for the Integrated Assessment and Staging of Care for Dementia (IDEAL schedule) and its accompanying ‘Menu of care options’. The case histories describe patients with different types and severity levels of dementia and have been written in a manner that makes them understandable in different settings or countries, as well as having been shown to be useful in the training of users of the schedule in different countries. Ratings for the case histories are provided according to the seven dimensions of the IDEAL schedule, with the consequent links to the ‘Menu of care options’. The chapter also includes suggestions about the development of local case histories typical for the setting in which the schedule will be used when training users in that setting.

Enhancement of the Completion Efficiency of Perforation Tunnels in Petroleum Wells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
T. Heidrick ◽  
B. Fleck ◽  
M. Koksal
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
Perforated Completion ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of perforating is to maximize well productivity by establishing good connectivity between the wellbore and formation. The conventional method of perforation — perforation by shooting (PS) — cannot achieve expected wellbore productivity due to a region of reduced permeability around the perforation tunnel. In this study, it has been established that permeability is decreased in the range of 30%–75% due to the implementation of the PS technique compared to the openhole completion. As a result, a new perforation technique — perforation by drilling (PD) — has been proposed in this paper. To simulate a perforated completion, cylindrical sand samples (0.0572 in OD) consolidated with cement with varying porosity were prepared. These samples were perforated (0.0136 m ED) by the PS, PD and Casting techniques. Perforations created by the Casting techniques are considered the ideal, openhole perforation tunnel. Fluid flow rates and differential pressure across the perforated samples were measured for three different types of samples using “Geotechnical Digital System” triaxial testing set-up. Fluid flow rates with changing differential pressure and finally pressure build-up data with time indicates the PD technique can achieve better wellbore productivity compared to the PS technique. Results indicate that at 100 kPa differential pressure the PS, PD and Casting techniques can achieve 0.20 mL/s, 0.65 mL/s and 1.00 mL/s fluid flow rates respectively across a sample.

Counting the Hours: The Influence of Gender and Occupation on Work Hour Mismatch Prevalence and Resolution in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0160449X2093332
Author(s):  
Britta Girtz
Keyword(s):  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Occupational Differences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Ideal Worker ◽  
The Ideal

Existing research on work hour mismatches has examined gender and occupational differences, but it has largely assumed that these factors work independently of each other. This paper combines insights from the stress of higher status hypothesis and the concept of the ideal worker to examine the intersections of gender and occupation in relation to inequalities in workers’ abilities to control the amount of time they spend in paid work. I also offer a longitudinal and process-oriented analysis by examining how men and women in upper, middle, and lower prestige occupations differ in their chances of having hour mismatches, resolving mismatches, and in the methods through which they resolve them. Findings indicate that men and women experience different types of mismatches and men in upper level occupations are at greater risk of mismatches and least likely to find resolutions, yet outcomes are heavily influenced by the intersections of gender and occupation, illustrating the need for this type of analysis. There are few results to indicate differences in the mechanism of mismatch resolution by either gender or occupation.

scholarly journals Understanding Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Cutaneous Carcinoma and Cancer Immunotherapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie R. Yanofsky ◽  
Hiroshi Mitsui ◽  
Diane Felsen ◽  
John A. Carucci
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Epidermal Langerhans Cells ◽  
The Ideal

Dendritic cells (DC) represent a diverse group of professional antigen-presenting cells that serve to link the innate and adaptive immune systems. Their capacity to initiate a robust and antigen-specific immune response has made them the ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapies. To date, the clinical impact of DC immunotherapy has been limited, which may, in part, be explained by the complex nature of DC biology. Multiple distinct subsets of DCs have been identified in the skin, where they can be broadly subcategorized into epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), myeloid-derived dermal dendritic cells (mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Each subset is functionally unique and may activate alternate branches of the immune system. This may be relevant for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, where we have shown that the tumor microenvironment may preferentially suppress the activity of mDCs, while LCs remain potent stimulators of immunity. Here, we provide an in depth analysis of DC biology, with a particular focus on skin DCs and their role in cutaneous carcinoma. We further explore the current approaches to DC immunotherapy and provide evidence for the targeting of LCs as a promising new strategy in the treatment of skin cancer.

STUDY ON DAMAGE DETECTION OF SQUARE PYRAMID SPACE GRID STRUCTURE CONSIDERING INITIAL RANDOM DEFECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Limei ◽  
Du Shoujun ◽  
Fan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Space Grid ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Random Defects ◽  
The Ideal

Because of different types of load, material properties deviation and construction errors, structures have initial defects inevitably. Therefore structural damages emerge easily and have strong randomness. At the same time, the ideal design model often has difference with structure in service. To most structures, the initial testing dates cannot be obtained, while this initial model is very important to structural damage detection. So the ideal model needs to revise. In this paper, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio and link section area are given as initial random defects and these defects obey normal distribution which can be constructed by Monte Carlo probabilistic design method. Firstly, the sensitivity parameters to structural response will be received by PDS technology from Ansys. Next, the square pyramid space grid models with random defects were obtained. Finally, given link element damage, using the method combined curvature mode difference with wavelet transform, the link element damage can be determined. Through analysis, the effects about the initial defects to damage detection will be obtained.

scholarly journals Cytokine regulation of stem cells

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyanesh Singh ◽  
Hasan Korkaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ifn Γ

Different types of stem cells are targeted by a number of cytokines that alter proliferation, differentiation, or other properties of stem cells. Stem cells are known to express various cytokine genes. As IL-12, IL-14, G-CSF, and GM-CSF expression is lost after the differentiation of MSCs, these factors might have major contribution to pluripotency. Several other cytokines that are produced by immune cells, frequently target stem cells. Modulation of stem cell functions by cytokines can be a cause of various diseases including cancer. Stem cells can show immunosuppressive properties by a number of mechanisms. MSC-induced immunosuppression is often mediated by IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, or IL-1β. In co-culture experiments, MSCs were able to control T cells IL-2 response, or, dendritic cells TNF-α and IL-10 secretion. MSCs are also known to cause decreased interferon γ (IFN-γ) and increased IL-4 production by immune cells. However, the outcome in most of the cases depends on the presence of various factors that might synergize or antagonize with each other.

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