scholarly journals Identifying Emerging Phenomenon in Plant Long Temporal Phenotyping Experiments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie Peng ◽  
Junya Lu ◽  
Donghee Hoh ◽  
Ayesha S Dina ◽  
Xuequn Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Maximal Clique ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Acyclic Network ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Phenotype Network ◽  
Identification Tool

AbstractThe rapid improvement of phenotyping capability, accuracy, and throughput have greatly increased the volume and diversity of phenomics data. A remaining challenge is an efficient way to identify phenotypic patterns to improve our understanding of the quantitative variation of complex phenotypes, and to attribute gene functions. To address this challenge, we developed a new algorithm to identify emerging phenomena from large-scale temporal plant phenotyping experiments. An emerging phenomenon is defined as a group of genotypes who exhibit a coherent phenotype pattern during a relatively short time. Emerging phenomena are highly transient and diverse, and are dependent in complex ways on both environmental conditions and development. Identifying emerging phenomena may help biologists to examine potential relationships among phenotypes and genotypes in a genetically diverse population and to associate such relationships with the change of environments or development. We present an emerging phenomenon identification tool called Temporal Emerging Phenomenon Finder (TEP-Finder). Using large-scale longitudinal phenomics data as input, TEP-Finder first encodes the complicated phenotypic patterns into a dynamic phenotype network. Then, emerging phenomena in different temporal scales are identified from dynamic phenotype network using a maximal clique based approach. Meanwhile, a directed acyclic network of emerging phenomena is composed to model the relationships among the emerging phenomena. The experiment that compares TEP-Finder with two state-of-art algorithms shows that the emerging phenomena identified by TEP-Finder are more functionally specific, robust, and biologically significant. The source code, manual, and sample data of TEP-Finder are all available at: http://phenomics.uky.edu/TEP-Finder/.

Identifying emerging phenomenon in long temporal phenotyping experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie Peng ◽  
Junya Lu ◽  
Donghee Hoh ◽  
Ayesha S Dina ◽  
Xuequn Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Maximal Clique ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Acyclic Network ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Phenotype Network

Abstract Motivation The rapid improvement of phenotyping capability, accuracy and throughput have greatly increased the volume and diversity of phenomics data. A remaining challenge is an efficient way to identify phenotypic patterns to improve our understanding of the quantitative variation of complex phenotypes, and to attribute gene functions. To address this challenge, we developed a new algorithm to identify emerging phenomena from large-scale temporal plant phenotyping experiments. An emerging phenomenon is defined as a group of genotypes who exhibit a coherent phenotype pattern during a relatively short time. Emerging phenomena are highly transient and diverse, and are dependent in complex ways on both environmental conditions and development. Identifying emerging phenomena may help biologists to examine potential relationships among phenotypes and genotypes in a genetically diverse population and to associate such relationships with the change of environments or development. Results We present an emerging phenomenon identification tool called Temporal Emerging Phenomenon Finder (TEP-Finder). Using large-scale longitudinal phenomics data as input, TEP-Finder first encodes the complicated phenotypic patterns into a dynamic phenotype network. Then, emerging phenomena in different temporal scales are identified from dynamic phenotype network using a maximal clique based approach. Meanwhile, a directed acyclic network of emerging phenomena is composed to model the relationships among the emerging phenomena. The experiment that compares TEP-Finder with two state-of-art algorithms shows that the emerging phenomena identified by TEP-Finder are more functionally specific, robust and biologically significant. Availability and implementation The source code, manual and sample data of TEP-Finder are all available at: http://phenomics.uky.edu/TEP-Finder/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Engineering in the time of cholera: overcoming institutional and political challenges to rebuild Zimbabwe's water and sanitation infrastructure in the aftermath of the 2008 cholera epidemic

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Brocklehurst ◽  
Murtaza Malik ◽  
Kiwe Sebunya ◽  
Peter Salama
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Water And Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Rehabilitation

A devastating cholera epidemic swept Zimbabwe in 2008, causing over 90,000 cases, and leaving more than 4,000 dead. The epidemic raged predominantly in urban areas, and the cause could be traced to the slow deterioration of Zimbabwe's water and sewerage utilities during the economic and political crisis that had gripped the country since the late 1990s. Rapid improvement was needed if the country was to avoid another cholera outbreak. In this context, donors, development agencies and government departments joined forces to work in a unique partnership, and to implement a programme of swift improvements that went beyond emergency humanitarian aid but did not require the time or massive investment associated with full-scale urban rehabilitation. The interventions ranged from supply of water treatment chemicals and sewer rods to advocacy and policy advice. The authors analyse the factors that made the programme effective and the challenges that partners faced. The case of Zimbabwe offers valuable lessons for other countries transitioning from emergency to development, and particularly those that need to take rapid action to upgrade failing urban systems. It illustrates that there is a ‘middle path’ between short-term humanitarian aid delivered in urban areas and large-scale urban rehabilitation, which can provide timely and highly effective results.

Towards Control of an Estuary

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Henk L. F. Saeijs
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intertidal Flats ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Short Time

The Delta Project is in its final stage. In 1974 it was subjected to political reconsideration, but it is scheduled now for completion in 1987. The final touches are being put to the storm-surge barrier and two compartment dams that divide the Oosterschelde into three areas: one tidal, one with reduced tide, and one a freshwater lake. Compartmentalization will result in 13% of channels, 45% of intertidal flats and 59% of salt marshes being lost. There is a net gain of 7% of shallow-water areas. Human interventions with large scale impacts are not new in the Oosterschelde but the large scale and short time in which these interventions are taking place are, as is the creation of a controlled tidal system. This article focusses on the area with reduced tide and compares resent day and expected characteristics. In this reduced tidal part salt marshes will extend by 30–70%; intertidal flats will erode to a lower level and at their edges, and the area of shallow water will increase by 47%. Biomass production on the intertidal flats will decrease, with consequences for crustaceans, fishes and birds. The maximum number of waders counted on one day and the number of ‘bird-days' will decrease drastically, with negative effects for the wader populations of western Europe. The net area with a hard substratum in the reduced tidal part has more than doubled. Channels will become shallower. Detritus import will not change significantly. Stratification and oxygen depletion will be rare and local. The operation of the storm-surge barrier and the closure strategy chosen are very important for the ecosystem. Two optional closure strategies can be followed without any additional environmental consequences. It was essential to determine a clearly defined plan of action for the whole area, and to make land-use choices from the outset. How this was done is briefly described.

scholarly journals Environmental Engineering Techniques to Restore Degraded Posidonia oceanica Meadows

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Francesca Frau ◽  
Fabrizio Atzori ◽  
Maria Francesca Cinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Seagrass planting techniques have shown to be an effective tool for restoring degraded meadows and ecosystem function. In the Mediterranean Sea, most restoration efforts have been addressed to the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, but cost-benefit analyses have shown unpromising results. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental engineering techniques generally employed in terrestrial systems to restore the P. oceanica meadows: two different restoration efforts were considered, either exploring non-degradable mats or, for the first time, degradable mats. Both of them provided encouraging results, as the loss of transplanting plots was null or very low and the survival of cuttings stabilized to about 50%. Data collected are to be considered positive as the survived cuttings are enough to allow the future spread of the patches. The utilized techniques provided a cost-effective restoration tool likely affordable for large-scale projects, as the methods allowed to set up a wide bottom surface to restore in a relatively short time without any particular expensive device. Moreover, the mats, comparing with other anchoring methods, enhanced the colonization of other organisms such as macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, contributing to generate a natural habitat.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Metal Organic Frameworks by Ball-Milling

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Cheng-An Tao ◽  
Jian-Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used in adsorption, separation, catalysis, sensing, photo/electro/magnetics, and biomedical fields because of their unique periodic pore structure and excellent properties and have become a hot research topic in recent years. Ball milling is a method of small pollution, short time-consumption, and large-scale synthesis of MOFs. In recent years, many important advances have been made. In this paper, the influencing factors of MOFs synthesized by grinding were reviewed systematically from four aspects: auxiliary additives, metal sources, organic linkers, and reaction specific conditions (such as frequency, reaction time, and mass ratio of ball and raw materials). The prospect for the future development of the synthesis of MOFs by grinding was proposed.

scholarly journals Shift Scheduling of Short Time Workers in Large-Scale Home Improvement Center by using Cooperative Evolution

MENDEL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Makoto Ohki
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shift Scheduling ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Cooperative Evolution ◽  
Shift Schedule ◽  
Home Improvement ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Short Time

There are a lot of large-scale Home Improvement Center (HIC) in Japan. In the large-scale HIC,about hundred short time workers are registered. And about forty workers are working every day. A managercreates a monthly shift schedule. The manager selects the workers required for each working day, assigns theworking time and break time for each worker and also work placement. Because there are many requirementsfor the scheduling, the scheduling consumes time costs and efforts. Therefore, we propose the technique to createand optimize the schedule of the short time workers in order to reduce the burden of the manager. A cooperativeevolution is applied for generating and optimizing the shift schedule of short time worker. Several problems hasbeen found in carrying out this research. This paper proposes techniques to automatically create and optimize theshift schedule of workers in large-scale HIC by using a Cooperative Evolution (CE), to solve the situation thatmany workers concentrate in a speci c time zone, and to solve the situation where many breaks are concentratedin a speci c break time zone, and an effective mutation operators.

scholarly journals Improving the economic efficiency of oil productionat the “Gazpromneft-Khantos” fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Rustam N. Asmandiyarov ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Barkalov ◽  
Rail R. Galeev ◽  
Rustam R. Gumerov ◽  
Yuri A. Katkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Functional Teams ◽  
Short Time

Aim. As part of a large-scale business transformation, Gazprom Neft is implementing new approaches to improving economic efficiency. One of such approaches is the launch of the “Renovation” project program, the purpose of which is to achieve maximum profitability of the basic well stock. The article describes the results of the study and formation of a set of measures to improve the economic efficiency of oil production at the fields of Gazpromneft-Khantos. Materials and methods. The key feature of “Renovation” is that the goal setting and the formation of key performance indicators of project teams are made not from the previously achieved result, but from the potential. To do this, a detailed technical and economic analysis of the factors affecting the profitability of oil production is first carried out, and the potential for increasing profitability is determined. After that, hypotheses are worked out to increase the economic efficiency of production and a set of measures is formed to realize the identified potential. The cross-functional teams of the “Renovation” program projects are formed around the core-team that includes specialists in geology, development, production, engineering, energy management, economics and IT. This allows teams to solve non-standard tasks in a short time, in a complex way, without attracting external leverage, which is an absolute competitive advantage. Results. The program of optimization measures developed by the cross-functional team of the Renovation project will provide the potential for the growth of the profitability of Gazpromneft-Khantos in the period from 2021 to 2030. Conclusions. The article presents the developed and implemented cases on reducing operating costs in various areas — geology and reservoir engineering, energy efficiency, oil production technologies, downhole operations and hydraulic fracturing, oilfield chemistry.

scholarly journals Eat or Throw Away? Factors Differentiating High Food Wasters from Low Food Wasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10741
Author(s):  
Ovidija Eičaitė ◽  
Gitana Alenčikienė ◽  
Ingrida Pauliukaitytė ◽  
Alvija Šalaševičienė
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
High Food ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Sample Data

More than half of food waste is generated at the household level, and therefore, it is important to tackle and attempt to solve the problem of consumer food waste. This study aimed to identify factors differentiating high food wasters from low food wasters. A large-scale survey was conducted in Lithuania. A total of 1001 respondents had participated in this survey and were selected using a multi-stage probability sample. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression modelling was used to analyse the effect of socio-demographics, food-related behaviours, attitudes towards food waste, and knowledge of date labelling on levels of food waste. Impulse buying, inappropriate food preparation practices, non-consumption of leftovers, lack of concern about food waste, and worry about food poisoning were related to higher food waste. On the other hand, correct planning practices and knowledge of date labelling were related to lower food waste. The findings of this study have practical implications for designing interventions aimed at reducing consumer food waste.

scholarly journals Efficient Detection of Large-Scale Multimedia Network Information Data Anomalies Based on the Rule-Extracting Matrix Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Matrix Algorithm ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Multimedia Social Networks ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Rule Extracting

With the continuous development of multimedia social networks, online public opinion information is becoming more and more popular. The rule extraction matrix algorithm can effectively improve the probability of information data to be tested. The network information data abnormality detection is realized through the probability calculation, and the prior probability is calculated, to realize the detection of abnormally high network data. Practical results show that the rule-extracting matrix algorithm can effectively control the false positive rate of sample data, the detection accuracy is improved, and it has efficient detection performance.

Contrasting tactical and strategic dynamics on a Clausewitz landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Rodrick Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time

Statistical models based on the asymptotic limit theorems of control and information theories allow formal examination of the essential differences between short-time “tactical” confrontations and a long-term “strategic” conflict dominated by evolutionary process. The world of extended coevolutionary conflict is not the world of sequential “muddling through.” The existential strategic challenge is to take cognitive control of a long-term dynamic in which one may, in fact, be “losing” most short-term confrontations. Winning individual battles can be a relatively direct, if not simple or easy, matter of sufficient local resources, training, and resolve. Winning extended conflicts is not direct, and requires management of subtle coevolutionary phenomena subject to a dismaying punctuated equilibrium more familiar from evolutionary theory than military doctrine. Directed evolution has given us the agricultural base needed for large-scale human organization. Directed coevolution of the inevitable conflicts between the various segments of that organization may be needed for its long-term persistence.

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