Determination of Compounds inside Inoculated Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves by Soxhlet Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Nur Suhada Mustafar ◽  
Pazilah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Siti Sofia Mohammad Shawal ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Specific Detail ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

Aquilaria is a special tree that has been awarded to the earth. Aquilaria spp. which belongs to the family Thymelaeceae is one of the most precious trees is the world. Agarwood or gaharu is the name of the resin produced by Aquilaria spp. Historically, agarwood has widely been used as medicine. It was also being used for perfumes, incense and religious purposes in Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, and Jewish societies. In order to discover the new uses of the agarwood, knowledge of the chemical constituents inside the plant need to be known. Aquilaria spp tree can be divided into two parts which is bark and leaves. Recently, several studies have been conducted to examine the chemical composition found in Aquilaria spp tree. However, there is still no specific detail documentation on the chemical compounds present in Aquilaria leaves. In this study, Soxhlet extraction method has been used to withdraw the compounds from the leaves. From the results obtained, it shows that extraction of compounds by using methanol was more effective. This was due to the higher polarity inside the methanol. Other than solvents, the samples preparation also gave an effect towards the final results. There were two different types of samples that have been used for this study which are fresh and dried A. malaccensis leaves. The obtaining results showed that more compounds have been extracted from the dried sample. It can be conclude that moisture content in the sample also plays a role in identification of compounds inside the A. malccensis leaves

Validasi dari Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan Kandungan Total Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol dari Akar Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dan Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Anita Puspa Widiyana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Anita Puspa Widiyana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Validation Testing

Validation as a quality control for the content of chemical compounds from natural ingredients. One of the chemical constituents is the flavonoids which are found in the Imperatacylindrica roots and Centella asiatica leaves. This study aims to ensure the analysis method meets the requirements and determines the levels of flavonoids. The research stages included extraction, validation and determination of total flavonoid. Extraction was carried out by immersing dry simplicia in 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours. The solvent is evaporated using a rotary evaporator until a thick extract is formed. Validation testing includes linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. Determinationof the total flavonoid was carried out by measuring the absorption at a maximum wavelength of 428.2 nm. The validation results includethe correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998, precision % RSD <2 %, %accuracy 99,53-97,98%, LOD 3.02ppm and LOQ 9.15 ppm. The total flavonoid of the ethanol extract of Imperata cylindrica roots was 36.39 ± 0.08 mg/g QE and Centella asiatica leaves was 102.10 ± 0.08 mg/g QE. The conclusion is that the method used met the validation requirements and the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves was higher than Imperata cylindrica roots

scholarly journals Assessment of camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum) as new sources of bioactive compounds using GC-MS technique

Plant Omics ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Reham M. Mostafa ◽  
Heba S. Essawy
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mass Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
The Family

Alhagi maurorum (A. maurorum) is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family leguminasae, commonly known as camel thorn. This research was amid to identify the chemical compounds in the aerial part of A. maurorum using GC-mass analysis. Three solvents with different polarities were used for the extraction of chemical constituents (water, methanol and petroleum ether). The results of GC-MS analysis led to identification of various compounds. In total, thirty-nine compounds from petroleum ether extract, thirty-two compounds in methanolic extract and seventeen compounds in aqueous extract were identified. Majority of the identified compounds have been reported to possess many biological activities. Among them, we reported 10 new anticancer compounds (Vitamin E; Hexadecanoic acid; Stigmast-5-en-3-ol; Phytol,2-hexadecen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl; Squalene; Hexadecanoic acid; 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester; Oxime,methoxy-phenyl,methyl N-hydroxyben-zenecarboximidoate; Ergost-5-en-3-ol; 9,12- Octadecad-ienoic acid and Farnesol) from A. maurorum using three solvent, while the best effective solvent was petroluem ether. Therefore, we report that A. maurorum has great potential to be developed into anticancer drugs.

RP-HPLC AND HPTLC METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LUPEOL IN. HEMIDESMUS INDICUS LINN. ROOT EXTRACTS AND POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING STANDARD MA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (07) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Jayaprakasam Rajendran ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Chacko ◽  
Tresa Thomas ◽  
Neethu Johnson ◽  
Kochupapy Ravi Thengungal
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Hemidesmus Indicus ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Hptlc Method

The roots of Hemidesmus indicus, belonging to the family Ascelpidaceae, are used as blood purifier, antileucorrhoeic, galactogenic, antidiarrhoeal, antirheumatic, antisyphilitic, febrifuge and possesses chemical constituents like triterpenoids (lupeol), flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. Roots were dried and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol by using Soxhlet apparatus. Two simple and sensitive chromatographic methods, namely, HPTLC and HPLC, were developed for determination of lupeol from the extract of H. indicus and its polyherbal formulation and validated according to ICH guidelines. The HPTLC method linear regression data for the standard lupeol a concentration range of 400-900ng/spot and correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9904. The HPLC calibration curves of standard lupeol showed good linearity range from 20 to 100μg/ml and correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9929. The HPTLC and HPLC methods are simple, precise, accurate and specific. Hence, these methods can be used for the standardization of lupeol in herbal plants and polyherbal formulations.

Archaic aetia

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-89
Author(s):  
Anke Walter
Keyword(s):  
Complex Model ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
New Order ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability

The aetiological story of Ate, told by Agamemnon in Book 19 of the Iliad, establishes a connection between the crucial moment when the main conflict of the epic is resolved and an important moment of transition on Olympus. While tying the time of men and the time of gods together in a shared ‘ever since then’, the aetion also marks a growing divide between the two, providing a vivid stratigraphy of Iliadic time. In Hesiod’s Theogony, three aetia that explicitly invoke the poet’s present revolve around the central event of the work, the birth of Zeus: the origin of Hecate’s powers, Zeus’ marking the start of his reign by planting the stone that his father Cronus had swallowed instead of himself in the earth of Delphi, and Prometheus’ theft of fire. These aetia create a particularly meaningful present moment: one that testifies to the different types of divine time and its interaction with human time—including the complex model of time embodied by Hecate and the linearity of time introduced by Zeus—and implicates the audience in the stability of this new order of the world. Finally, in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, the aetion of how the lyre becomes a token of Hermes’ and Apollo’s friendship imbues the present with a strong sense of the connection with the divine sphere, even while the lyre itself as the instrument accompanying the performance of the hymn vividly enacts its own continuity.

scholarly journals Enhancement of chemical constituents in hydrosol and residual water of Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A Rahman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
By Products ◽  
Better Than

Aquilaria malaccensis is an agarwood-producing species in the family Thymeleaeceae. Agarwood is a fragrant resin used in the manufacture of incense sticks, and in pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries. In addition to the resin, hydrosol and residual water by-products from agarwood woodchip distillation are also utilized. Hydrosol contains water-soluble fragrant chemicals used as a tonic drink, in cooking and cosmetics while the residual water is used in spas and aromatic bath treatments. The present study was conducted to identify and compare compounds present in hydrosol and residual water by-products of diploid and polyploid A. malaccensis. Four different four-month-old A. malaccensis plants were compared: soil-grown diploid seedlings (DS), in vitro-grown seedlings (DV), tissue culture-derived plantlets (DC) and artificially induced tetraploid plantlets (TC). Hydrosol water from TC leaf and root samples were found to contain higher amounts of compounds compared with other samples. The TC leaf samples were qualitatively better as key compounds of agarwood such as α- and γ-eudesmol were detected. TC stem samples also contained higher amounts of key compounds compared with other samples, while the overall amount of compounds was highest in DS stem samples. The residual water of TC stem and root samples contained key compounds not detected in other samples, while DS residual water samples contained the highest total amount of compounds. Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploids performed better than their diploid counterparts in production of compounds, and thus may be a better planting material choice for commercial plantations.

Comparative Studies of Chemical Constituents of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Using Different Extraction Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
Nur Salsabila Ahmad Roslan ◽  
Seema Zareen ◽  
Normaiza Zamri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
The Family

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis which belongs to the family Malvaceae, is a national flower of Malaysia. This glabrous tree can usually grow around 1 to 3 meters tall. The objective of present study was to categorize the essential oil constituent of flowers and leaves extract using different extraction method namely Soxhlet and hydrodistillation. The essential oil obtained from Soxhlet (10.75%) and hydrodistillation (11.40%) were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for determination of bioactive compounds. The GC-MS analysis was carried out by Agilent 7980A series GC instrument and DB-1MS capillary column with the dimensions of 30 m × 0.25 mm. A total of 21 and 20 compounds were identified for Soxhlet and hyrodistillation technique, respectively. Major compound found in essential oil for Soxhlet apparatus method was (Z,Z,Z)-9-12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (23.59%) while for hydrodistillation was 1-Methylene-2b-hydroxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-4b-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cyclohexane (16.57%). The presence of numerous bioactive compounds provides insights to the potential of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Nacrt ekološke duhovnosti prema enciklici Laudato sì pape Franje

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-412
Author(s):  
Mladen Parlov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Visible Matter ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecological Spirituality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal Balance

In the wake of the Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato sì which talks about the Earth as a common home of all people, the author offers a draft of ecological spirituality. The beginning of true eco-spirituality is ecological conversion, which is nothing else but a renewed consciousness that from our faith and encounter with Jesus Christ we also ought to change our relationship with the world around us. Ecological conversion should help the faithful to repeatedly and correctly develop their awareness of having been created, of their own immersion into the world of creatures with which they are interconnected. Correct ecological attitude leads to internal balance of the man himself, to solidarity with others, to natural balance of all living beings and to spiritual balance with God. Ecological awareness can help not only to preserve the environment, which is one of the basic goals, but also to change the way of behaviour, which can raise the quality of life of both the individual and the family. Ecological spirituality understands and lives the sacraments in a new way, as a means of salvation and sanctification, because in the sacraments God uses the visible matter in order to communicate his (invisible) grace. Eco-spirituality calls for upbringing and adopting new attitudes in the lives of contemporary Christians which need to help them to properly treat the created world.

scholarly journals Characterization by GC-MS of the Main Ethanolic Extract’S Components from the Bark of Talipariti elatum Sw. (Fryxell) Malvaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José González ◽  
Armando Cuéllar ◽  
Enrique Gómez ◽  
Julio Pérez ◽  
Max Monan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
First Time

Talipariti elatum (Sw.), commonly named Blue Mahoe, is used as antasthmatic, antitussive, against catarrh and expectorant in phytotherapy in Cuba, although the plants’ composition has not been determined in detail so far. An ethanolic extract from the bark of Talipariti elatum Sw. (Fryxell) Malvaceae that grows in Cuba was prepared by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol at 95% during 20 hours. The crude extract without purification was analyzed using a GCMS-QP2010 Ultra Shimadzu, and the components were identified by comparing their retention times and their mass spectra with those of NIST21Library. About 45 different chemical compounds were detected in the sample and from them, 31 chemical components were characterized and reported for the first time from Talipariti elatum. Our results demonstrate the developed method could be employed as a rapid and versatile analytical technique for identification of chemical constituents and quality control of Talipariti samples.

scholarly journals Chemical profile and potential antifungal of essential oil Schinus terebinthifolius and its by-products

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e91491110623
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Passos Oliveira ◽  
Pryanka Thuyra Nascimento Fontes ◽  
Lucas Fonseca Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Marília Cavalcante Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
By Products

This study aimed to investigate the distillation time to obtain a higher yield of essential oil and by-product (extract and hydrolate) of Schinus terebinthifolius seeds, to determine the main chemical constituents of these products and the potential fungitoxic on the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To obtain the essential oil and by-products, we used the method of steam distillation for 2.5, 4.0, 5.5 and 7.0 hours. The determination of the chemical composition was made by GC/MS. To determine the potential fungitoxic on mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides various concentrations of the oil and by-products were tested. Distillation periods did not influence the yield of aqueous extract and essential oil hydrolate. No chemical compounds have been identified in hydrolat or aqueous extract with the use of GC analysis. The essential oil at concentrations of 2%, 3% and 4% inhibited approximately 47% of the in vitro development of the fungus C. gloeosporioides.

Current Knowledge Regarding Pharmacological Profile and Chemical Constituents of Gynura procumbens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehfazul Haque ◽  
Mir Shahriar Kamal ◽  
Md. Rafat Tahsin ◽  
Raju Ahmed ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

: Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is a well-known plant used in the folkloric medicine in tropical Asian countries. The plant is prevalently employed by traditional healers in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, hypertension, inflammation, fever and skin disorders. Several scientific studies reported that, Gynura procumbens possesses considerable therapeutic value for the development of emerging treatment options. The diverse pharmacological effects of this plant are attributed to its vast phytoconstituent content. Different chemical classes including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, proteins and polysaccharides have been isolated from this plant. In this review, we tried to explore the different aspects of Gynura procumbens as an established medicinal plant. The data gathered here give an indication that the plant Gynura procumbens is a good natural source of chemical compounds with different types of pharmacological actions and these chemical compounds can be used as model for the development of de novo therapeutic agents.

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