scholarly journals Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid shapes microbiota againstCampylobacter jejunichicken colonization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Alrubaye ◽  
Mussie Abraha ◽  
Ayidh Almansour ◽  
Mohit Bansal ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Metabolite ◽  
Chicken Isolate

ABSTRACTDespite reducing the prevalent foodborne pathogenCampylobacter jejuniin chickens decreases campylobacteriosis, few effective approaches are available. The aim of this study was to use microbial metabolic product bile acids to reduceC. jejunichicken colonization. Broiler chicks were fed with deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The birds were also transplanted with DCA modulated anaerobes (DCA-Anaero) or aerobes (DCA-Aero). The birds were infected with human clinical isolateC. jejuni81-176 or chicken isolateC. jejuniAR101. Notably,C. jejuni81-176 was readily colonized intestinal tract at d16 and reached an almost plateau at d21. Remarkably, DCA excludedC. jejunicecal colonization at 100, 99.997, and 100% at 16, 21, and 28 days of age. Neither chicken ages of infection nor LCA or UDCA alteredC. jejuniAR101 chicken colonization level, while DCA reduced 91% of the bacterium in chickens at d28. Notably, DCA diet reduced phylum Firmicutes but increased Bacteroidetes compared to infected control birds. Importantly, DCA-Anaero attenuated 93% ofC. jejunicolonization at d28 compared to control infected birds. In conclusion, DCA shapes microbiota composition againstC. jejunicolonization in chickens, suggesting a bidirectional interaction between microbiota and microbial metabolites.

scholarly journals Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid shapes microbiota against Campylobacter jejuni chicken colonization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0214705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Alrubaye ◽  
Mussie Abraha ◽  
Ayidh Almansour ◽  
Mohit Bansal ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Microbial Metabolite

scholarly journals The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces autistic-like behaviors in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bermudez-Martin ◽  
J. A. J. Becker ◽  
S. P. Fernandez ◽  
R. Costa-Campos ◽  
S. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Microbial Metabolite ◽  
Central Dopamine Neurons

ABSTRACTBrain development and behavioral responses are influenced by gut microbiota. Perturbations of the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), suggesting that the microbiota could be involved in abnormal social and stereotyped behaviors in ASD patients. Notably, changes in microbiota composition and fecal, serum or urine levels of microbial metabolites are associated with ASD. Yet, a causal relationship between abnormal microbiota composition, altered microbial metabolite production, and ASD remains to be demonstrated. We hypothesized that p-Cresol (also known as 4-Cresol), a microbial metabolite that was described as more abundant in ASD patients, contributes to ASD core behavioral symptoms. Here we show that mice exposed to p-Cresol for 4 weeks in drinking water presented social behavior deficits, stereotypies, and perseverative behaviors, but no changes in anxiety, locomotion, or cognition. Abnormal social behavior induced by p-Cresol was associated with decreased activity of central dopamine neurons involved in the social reward circuit. Further, p-Cresol modified the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa which correlated with social behavior. In addition, social behavior deficits were transferrable from p-Cresol-treated mice to control mice by fecal matter transplantation. In contrast, the microbiota from control mice restored both social interactions and dopamine neurons excitability when transplanted to p-Cresol-treated mice. Altogether, our results suggest that microbial metabolites p-Cresol could be involved in the development of core autistic behaviors via a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism. Further, this study paves the way for therapeutic interventions targeting the production of p-Cresol by gut bacteria to treat patients with ASD.

scholarly journals Microbial Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: Basic and Clinical Implications

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Yao Peng ◽  
Yuqiang Nie ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Chi Chun Wong
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Technology Studies

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers that cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. The gut microbiota has been proved to show relevance with colorectal tumorigenesis through microbial metabolites. By decomposing various dietary residues in the intestinal tract, gut microbiota harvest energy and produce a variety of metabolites to affect the host physiology. However, some of these metabolites are oncogenic factors for CRC. With the advent of metabolomics technology, studies profiling microbiota-derived metabolites have greatly accelerated the progress in our understanding of the host-microbiota metabolism interactions in CRC. In this review, we briefly summarize the present metabolomics techniques in microbial metabolites researches and the mechanisms of microbial metabolites in CRC pathogenesis, furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical applications of microbial metabolites in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals The Campylobacter jejuni CiaD effector co-opts the host cell protein IQGAP1 to promote cell entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Negretti ◽  
Christopher R. Gourley ◽  
Prabhat K. Talukdar ◽  
Geremy Clair ◽  
Courtney M. Klappenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Host Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Actin Reorganization ◽  
Cell Cytosol

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen that binds to and invades the epithelial cells lining the human intestinal tract. Maximal invasion of host cells by C. jejuni requires cell binding as well as delivery of the Cia proteins (Campylobacter invasion antigens) to the host cell cytosol via the flagellum. Here, we show that CiaD binds to the host cell protein IQGAP1 (a Ras GTPase-activating-like protein), thus displacing RacGAP1 from the IQGAP1 complex. This, in turn, leads to the unconstrained activity of the small GTPase Rac1, which is known to have roles in actin reorganization and internalization of C. jejuni. Our results represent the identification of a host cell protein targeted by a flagellar secreted effector protein and demonstrate that C. jejuni-stimulated Rac signaling is dependent on IQGAP1.

scholarly journals The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces autistic-like behaviors in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Bermudez-Martin ◽  
Jérôme A. J. Becker ◽  
Nicolas Caramello ◽  
Sebastian P. Fernandez ◽  
Renan Costa-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Metabolite ◽  
Central Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, changes in microbiota composition as well as in the fecal, serum, and urine levels of microbial metabolites. Yet a causal relationship between dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ASD remains to be demonstrated. Here, we hypothesized that the microbial metabolite p-Cresol, which is more abundant in ASD patients compared to neurotypical individuals, could induce ASD-like behavior in mice. Results Mice exposed to p-Cresol for 4 weeks in drinking water presented social behavior deficits, stereotypies, and perseverative behaviors, but no changes in anxiety, locomotion, or cognition. Abnormal social behavior induced by p-Cresol was associated with decreased activity of central dopamine neurons involved in the social reward circuit. Further, p-Cresol induced changes in microbiota composition and social behavior deficits could be transferred from p-Cresol-treated mice to control mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We also showed that mice transplanted with the microbiota of p-Cresol-treated mice exhibited increased fecal p-Cresol excretion, compared to mice transplanted with the microbiota of control mice. In addition, we identified possible p-Cresol bacterial producers. Lastly, the microbiota of control mice rescued social interactions, dopamine neurons excitability, and fecal p-Cresol levels when transplanted to p-Cresol-treated mice. Conclusions The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces selectively ASD core behavioral symptoms in mice. Social behavior deficits induced by p-Cresol are dependant on changes in microbiota composition. Our study paves the way for therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiota and p-Cresol production to treat patients with ASD.

Comparative hepatotoxicity of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the rat: in vivo and in vitro studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Delzenne ◽  
P.Buc Calderon ◽  
H.S. Taper ◽  
M.B. Roberfroid
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Studies

scholarly journals Cultivable intestinal microbiota of yellowtail juveniles (Seriola lalandi) in an aquaculture system

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Eduardo Aguilera ◽  
Gabriel Yany ◽  
Jaime Romero
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Seriola Lalandi

The yellowtail (Seriola lalandi) has been farmed for many years and is becoming a promising aquaculture species. Knowledge of the intestinal microbiota of this species is very limited. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the bacterial populations associated with the intestinal tract of Seriola lalandi reared in Chile. The microbiota composition was analyzed at two growth stages distinguished by weight and parameters such as Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Juveniles (mean initial weight 7.33 ± 0.30 g) and pre-adults (81.7 ± 19.0 g) were fed with commercial diet for 33 and 50 days, respectively. The first intestinal samples were collected at the end of Trial 1 from specimens weighing approximately 50 g while the second samples were obtained at the end of Trial 2 from specimens weighing approximately 370 g. The microbiota composition was examined using conventional isolation in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) followed by 16S rRNA sequencing and identification. In total, 16 genera were identified. Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Staphylococcus were the predominant genera in fish at the 50 g stage, whereas Microbacterium and Francisella were the predominant genera in the 370 g stage. The microbiota composition showed different assemblages, depending on host size, with Bacillus and Vibrio being the only genera that were shared. Knowledge of the intestinal microbiota of Seriola lalandi is the first step in the exploration of microbiota management and the development of probiotics, as well as in the identification of the bacterial populations in healthy fish under cultured conditions.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni Triggers Signaling through Host Cell Focal Adhesions To Inhibit Cell Motility

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Klappenbach ◽  
Nicholas M. Negretti ◽  
Jesse Aaron ◽  
Teng-Leong Chew ◽  
Michael E. Konkel
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Function

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastritis. We investigated the dynamics of focal adhesion structure and function in C. jejuni -infected epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Potential Core Vaccine Targets for the Emerging Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengchun Cao ◽  
Hanxiao Xu ◽  
Chunhui Ning ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
Qiufang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
New Vaccines

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans around the world. The emergence of bacterial resistance is becoming more serious; therefore, development of new vaccines is considered to be an alternative strategy against drug-resistant pathogen. In this study, we investigated the pangenome of 173 C. jejuni strains and analyzed the phylogenesis and the virulence factor genes. In order to acquire a high-quality pangenome, genomic relatedness was firstly performed with average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses, and an open pangenome of 8,041 gene families was obtained with the correct taxonomy genomes. Subsequently, the virulence property of the core genome was analyzed and 145 core virulence factor (VF) genes were obtained. Upon functional genomics and immunological analyses, five core VF proteins with high antigenicity were selected as potential core vaccine targets for humans. Furthermore, functional annotations indicated that these proteins are involved in important molecular functions and biological processes, such as adhesion, regulation, and secretion. In addition, transcriptome analysis in human cells and pig intestinal loop proved that these vaccine target genes are important in the virulence of C. jejuni in different hosts. Comprehensive pangenome and relevant animal experiments will facilitate discovering the potential core vaccine targets with improved efficiency in reverse vaccinology. Likewise, this study provided some insights into the genetic polymorphism and phylogeny of C. jejuni and discovered potential vaccine candidates for humans. Prospective development of new vaccines using the targets will be an alternative to the use of antibiotics and prevent the development of multidrug-resistant C. jejuni in humans and even other animals.

Lipid, Bile Acid, Water and Dry Matter Content of the Intestinal Tract of Domestic Ducks with Reference to the Habitat of Polymorphus Minutus (Acanthocephala)

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
D. W. T. CROMPTON ◽  
M. C. NESHEIM
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Acanthocephalan Parasite

1. The distributions of total material, water, lipid and bile salts in the intestine of domestic ducks feeding ad libitum have been determined. 2. Most material accumulates in the posterior part of the intestine and the duodenal region appears to be wetter than the rest of the intestine. 3. When ducks feed on a diet with a lipid content of 4% of the dry weight, the highest concentration of lipid detected in the intestine was 5% of the dry weight of the ntestinal material. Lipid appears to be absorbed in the anterior half of the intestine. 4. Bile acids accumulate in the posterior part of the intestine where concentrations as high as 5.18 mg./g. of intestinal contents were detected. The evidence indicates that bile acids are absorbed in the posterior part of the intestine. 6. The bile acids of bile from the gallbladders of ducks have been identified by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and some unidentified substances were found to form 16, 59, 17 and 8%, respectively, of the bile acids. 6. The results are discussed with reference to Polymorphus nunutus, an acanthocephalan parasite of ducks.

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