scholarly journals 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Dose-Dependently Prevents Advanced Prostate Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Li ◽  
Nathaniel W. Mahloch ◽  
Nicholas J.E. Starkey ◽  
Mónica Peña-Luna ◽  
George E. Rottinghaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mouse Prostate

Abstract3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is an acid-derived dimer of indole-3-carbinol, found in many cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, and has been shown to inhibit prostate cancer (PCa) in several in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrated that DIM stimulated both estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) transcriptional activities and propose that ERβ plays a role in mediating DIM’s inhibition on cancer cell growth. To further study the effects of DIM on inhibiting advanced PCa development, we tested DIM in TRAMP (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mice. The control group of mice were fed a high fat diet. Three additional groups of mice were fed the same high fat diet supplemented with 0.04%, 0.2% and 1% DIM. Incidence of advanced PCa, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC), in the control group was 60%. 1% DIM dramatically reduced PDC incidence to 24% (p=0.0012), while 0.2% and 0.04% DIM reduced PDC incidence to 38% (p=0.047) and 45% (p=0.14) respectively. Though DIM did affect mice weights, statistical analysis showed a clear negative association between DIM concentration and PDC incidence with p=0.004, while the association between body weight and PDC incidence was not significant (p=0.953). In conclusion, our results show that dietary DIM can inhibit the most aggressive stage of prostate cancer at concentration lower than previously demonstrated, possibly working through an estrogen receptor mediated mechanism.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Sup Sim ◽  
Sun-Il Choi ◽  
Bong-Yeon Cho ◽  
Seung-Hyun Choi ◽  
Xionggao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat

The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.

scholarly journals Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gajęcka ◽  
Magdalena Mróz ◽  
Paweł Brzuzan ◽  
Ewa Onyszek ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Horizontal Part

Plant materials can be contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives, whose toxic effects on humans and animals may remain subclinical. Zearalenone (ZEN), a low-molecular-weight compound, is produced by molds in crop plants as a secondary metabolite. The objective of this study will be to analyze the in vivo correlations between very low monotonic doses of ZEN (5, 10, and 15 μg ZEN/kg body weight—BW for 42 days) and the carryover of this mycotoxin and its selected metabolites from the intestinal contents to the intestinal walls, the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alfa (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) genes, and the mRNA expression of genes modulating selected colon enzymes (CYP1A1 and GSTP1) in the intestinal mucosa of pre-pubertal gilts. An in vivo experiment will be performed on 60 clinically healthy animals with initial BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg. The gilts will be randomly divided into a control group (group C, n = 15) and three experimental groups (group ZEN5, group ZEN10, and group ZEN15; n = 15). Group ZEN5 will be administered per os 5 μg ZEN/kg BW (MABEL), group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW (NOAEL), and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW (low LOAEL). In each group, five animals will be euthanized on analytical dates 1 (exposure day 7), 2 (exposure day 21), and 3 (exposure day 42). Samples for in vitro analyses will be collected from an intestinal segment resected from the following regions: the third (horizontal) part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. The experimental material will be collected under special conditions, and it will be transported to specialist laboratories where samples will be obtained for further analyses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. in high fat diet induced obese rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Athesh ◽  
Rangaraju Sivasubramanian ◽  
Gnanasekaran Jothi ◽  
Pemiah Brindha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Obese Rats

Abstract Background Obesity, reached epidemic proportions globally is often associated with life threatening comorbidities. The unavailability of safe and effective long term medications for obesity in modern pharmacotherapy forces the scientific community to explore the potential of Ayurvedic traditional healers as they are considered safe and effective. Objective To explore the anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera L. (AEAA), a traditional healer in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats. Methods AEAA was prepared and subjected to in-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay and in-vivo anti-obesity studies. For in-vivo studies, HFD fed obese prone Wistar albino rats were divided into five experimental groups (Group II to VI): animals fed with standard pellet chow served as normal control (Group I) while, animals continued with HFD alone served as obese control (Group II); Group III, IV and V were administered AEAA at a dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. respectively along with HFD; and animals administered orlistat (30 mg/kg bw) along with HFD served as standard control (Group VI). All the drugs were administered orally once a day for a period of 60 days. At the end of the experimental period various physical, biochemical and histopathological observations were made. Results In-vitro studies showed AEAA partially but not significantly inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase. Data of in-vivo studies revealed, significant reduction in body weights, fat pad weights and organ weights upon AEAA treatment. Elevated levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were also brought back to normal. Conclusion The obtained results clearly suggested that AEAA possess pronounced anti-obesity potential.

scholarly journals Brazilian Berry Extract, High‐Fat Diet and Prostate Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Valéria H. Cagnon ◽  
Ellen Nogueira Lima ◽  
Celina de Almeida Lamas ◽  
Andressa Mara Baseggio ◽  
Larissa Akemi Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

scholarly journals Expression of Estrogen Receptor α and β in Rat Astrocytes in Primary Culture: Effects of Hypoxia and Glucose Deprivation

2011 ◽  
pp. 951-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. AL-BADER ◽  
S. A. MALATIALI ◽  
Z. B. REDZIC
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Astrocyte

Estrogen replacement therapy could play a role in the reduction of injury associated with cerebral ischemia in vivo, which could be, at least partially, a consequence of estrogen influence of glutamate buffering by astrocytes during hypoxia/ischemia. Estrogen exerts biological effects through interaction with its two receptors: estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which are both expressed in astrocytes. This study explored effects of hypoxia and glucose deprivation (HGD), alone or followed by 1 h recovery, on ERα and ERβ expression in primary rat astrocyte cultures following 1 h exposure to: a) 5 % CO2 in air (control group-CG); b) 2 % O2/5 % CO2 in N2 with glucose deprivation (HGD group-HGDG); or c) the HGDG protocol followed by 1 h CG protocol (recovery group-RG). ERα mRNA expression decreased in HGDG. At the protein level, full-length ERα (67 kDa) and three ERα-immunoreactive protein bands (63, 60 and 52 kDa) were detected. A significant decrease in the 52 kDa band was seen in HGDG, while a significant decrease in expression of the full length ERα was seen in the RG. ERβ mRNA and protein expression (a 54 kDa single band) did not change. The observed decrease in ERα protein may limit estrogen-mediated signalling in astrocytes during hypoxia and recovery.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacy of the Pap and H & E in Identifying the Various Changes in Liver Samples of High Fat Diet Induced Rat - In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
E. Dhivya Sri ◽  
R. Priyadharshini ◽  
Palati Sinduja ◽  
V. Meghashree
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: High fat induced (HFI) liver is associated with a high calorie intake and many other diet-induced complications, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. HFI is the most common chronic liver disease that develops due to high fat intake. A wide range of liver injuries is associated with HFI, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome may be induced in rats by feeding them a diet rich in carbohydrates and fat. The aim of the study is Comparison of efficacy of the PAP (Papanicolaou) stain and H&E (Hematoxylin and eosin) stain in identifying the various changes in liver samples of high fat diet induced rat. Materials and Methods: Liver samples of Normal control group animal and High fat diet induced animal were sectioned, weighed fixed 10% neutral buffer formalin and mounted in DPX compound. Four micrometer sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAP stains for the histological examination of micro-vesicular and macro-vesicular steatosis in the liver tissue. The grading of steatosis was given from 0-3 based on the lipid accumulation (steatosis): grade 0 - absence; grade 1 - mild Steatosis (<30% hepatocyte); grade 2- moderate steatosis (30%-70% hepatocyte); grade3- severe steatosis (>70%hepatocytes). Efficacy of grade of PAP stain and H&E stain were accessed and statistically evaluated by considering seven parameters and overall staining characters where compared. Results: Our present study evaluated high fat induced hepatic steatosis of H&E and PAP stain and also evaluated efficacy of both the stain. In our study, Pie chart showing the percentage distribution of Number of micro-vesicles about 70% represents greater than 30, 10% represents 30-70, 20% represents less than 70 (Fig. 1). In our study 20% represents the greater than 30, 30% represents the 30-70, 50% represents Less than 70 (Fig. 2). 30% represents mild steatosis, 20% represents moderate steatosis, 50% represents Severe Steatosis (Fig. 3).           Conclusion: We demonstrated the comparative efficiency of the PAP and H&E high fat diet induced rat liver by in vivo and conclude that both H&E and PAP stain has equal efficacy and clarity in observing the various minute parameters.

Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Wei Li ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Jie-Ren Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. The expression levels of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were measured using immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR, and (or) Western blot. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. The results showed that sequoyitol significantly decreased FBG, BUN, and SCr levels, and increased the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The level of T-AOC was significantly increased, while ROS and MDA levels and the expression of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were decreased with sequoyitol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that sequoyitol ameliorates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats, as induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, through its glucose-lowering effects, antioxidant activity, and regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

scholarly journals Aloe-Emodin Relieves High-Fat Diet Induced QT Prolongation via MiR-1 Inhibition and IK1 Up-Regulation in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1961-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Zhenli Su ◽  
Hanqi Sun ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Electrical Remodeling ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Aloe Emodin

Background/Aims: High-fat diet (HFD) causes cardiac electrical remodeling and increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Aloe-emodin (AE) is an anthraquinone component isolated from rhubarb and has a similar chemical structure with emodin. The protective effect of emodin against cardiac diseases has been reported in the literature. However, the cardioprotective property of AE is still unknown. The present study investigated the effect of AE on HFD-induced QT prolongation in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, HFD, and AE-treatment groups. Normal diet was given to rats in the control group, high-fat diet was given to rats in HFD and AE-treatment groups for a total of 10 weeks. First, HFD rats and AE-treatment rats were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks to establish the HFD model. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured to validate the HFD model. Afterward, AE-treatment rats were intragastrically administered with 100 mg/kg AE each day for 6 weeks. Electrocardiogram monitoring and whole-cell patch-clamp technique were applied to examine cardiac electrical activity, action potential and inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), respectively. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were subjected to cholesterol and/or AE. Protein expression of Kir2.1 was detected by Western blot and miR-1 level was examined by real-time PCR in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: In vivo, AE significantly shortened the QT interval, action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) and resting membrane potential (RMP), which were markedly elongated by HFD. AE increased IK1 current and Kir2.1 protein expression which were reduced in HFD rats. Furthermore, AE significantly inhibited pro-arrhythmic miR-1 in the hearts of HFD rats. In vitro, AE decreased miR-1 expression levels resulting in an increase of Kir2.1 protein levels in cholesterol-enriched NRVMs. Conclusions: AE prevents HFD-induced QT prolongation by repressing miR-1 and upregulating its target Kir2.1. These findings suggest a novel pharmacological role of AE in HFD-induced cardiac electrical remodeling.

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