Evaluation of anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. in high fat diet induced obese rats

Abstract Background Obesity, reached epidemic proportions globally is often associated with life threatening comorbidities. The unavailability of safe and effective long term medications for obesity in modern pharmacotherapy forces the scientific community to explore the potential of Ayurvedic traditional healers as they are considered safe and effective. Objective To explore the anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera L. (AEAA), a traditional healer in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats. Methods AEAA was prepared and subjected to in-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay and in-vivo anti-obesity studies. For in-vivo studies, HFD fed obese prone Wistar albino rats were divided into five experimental groups (Group II to VI): animals fed with standard pellet chow served as normal control (Group I) while, animals continued with HFD alone served as obese control (Group II); Group III, IV and V were administered AEAA at a dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. respectively along with HFD; and animals administered orlistat (30 mg/kg bw) along with HFD served as standard control (Group VI). All the drugs were administered orally once a day for a period of 60 days. At the end of the experimental period various physical, biochemical and histopathological observations were made. Results In-vitro studies showed AEAA partially but not significantly inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase. Data of in-vivo studies revealed, significant reduction in body weights, fat pad weights and organ weights upon AEAA treatment. Elevated levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were also brought back to normal. Conclusion The obtained results clearly suggested that AEAA possess pronounced anti-obesity potential.

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Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8050170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 170 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wan-Sup Sim ◽

Sun-Il Choi ◽

Bong-Yeon Cho ◽

Seung-Hyun Choi ◽

Xionggao Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Nelumbo Nucifera ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat

The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.

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The Dopamine D2R Antagonist Trifluoperazine Suppresses High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia and Hypothalamic Gliosis in Obese Mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-382784/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hui-Ting Huang ◽

Pei-Chun Chen ◽

Po-See Chen ◽

Wen-Tai Chiu ◽

Yu-Min Kuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Cns Inflammation ◽

Hypothalamic Region ◽

Hypothalamic Inflammation ◽

Factor Α

Abstract Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as astrocytes, are CNS glia cells to support neurodevelopment and neuronal function. Yet, their activation-associated with CNS inflammation is involved in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. Mild inflammation in the periphery and glial activation called gliosis in the hypothalamic region, arcuate nucleus (ARC), are generally observed in the obese individuals and animal models. Thus, reduction in peripheral and central inflammation is considered as a strategy to lessen the abnormality of obesity-associated metabolic indices. In this study, we reported that acute peripheral challenge by inflammagen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered an upregulation of hypothalamic dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) expression, and chronic feeding by high fat diet (HFD) caused an increased levels of D2R in the ARC. The in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that a D2R antagonist named trifluoperazine (TFP) was able to suppress LPS-stimulated activation of microglia and effectively inhibited LPS-induced peripheral inflammation, as well as hypothalamic inflammation. Further findings showed daily peripheral administration intraperitoneally (i.p.) by TFP for 4 weeks was able to reduce the levels of plasma and hypothalamic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in obese mice receiving HFD for 16 weeks. Moreover, plasma glucose and insulin were effectively decreased by daily treatment with TFP for 4 weeks. In parallel, microglia and astrocytes in the ARC was also inhibited by peripheral administration by TFP. According to our results, TFP has the ability to suppress HFD-induced hyperglycemia, inflammation and gliosis in hypothalamus.

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3,3′-Diindolylmethane Dose-Dependently Prevents Advanced Prostate Cancer

10.1101/612929 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yufei Li ◽

Nathaniel W. Mahloch ◽

Nicholas J.E. Starkey ◽

Mónica Peña-Luna ◽

George E. Rottinghaus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽

Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Mouse Prostate

Abstract3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is an acid-derived dimer of indole-3-carbinol, found in many cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, and has been shown to inhibit prostate cancer (PCa) in several in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrated that DIM stimulated both estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) transcriptional activities and propose that ERβ plays a role in mediating DIM’s inhibition on cancer cell growth. To further study the effects of DIM on inhibiting advanced PCa development, we tested DIM in TRAMP (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mice. The control group of mice were fed a high fat diet. Three additional groups of mice were fed the same high fat diet supplemented with 0.04%, 0.2% and 1% DIM. Incidence of advanced PCa, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC), in the control group was 60%. 1% DIM dramatically reduced PDC incidence to 24% (p=0.0012), while 0.2% and 0.04% DIM reduced PDC incidence to 38% (p=0.047) and 45% (p=0.14) respectively. Though DIM did affect mice weights, statistical analysis showed a clear negative association between DIM concentration and PDC incidence with p=0.004, while the association between body weight and PDC incidence was not significant (p=0.953). In conclusion, our results show that dietary DIM can inhibit the most aggressive stage of prostate cancer at concentration lower than previously demonstrated, possibly working through an estrogen receptor mediated mechanism.

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Inhibitory Activities ofZygophyllum album: A Natural Weight-Lowering Plant on Key Enzymes in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/620384 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Kais Mnafgui ◽

Khaled Hamden ◽

Hichem Ben Salah ◽

Mouna Kchaou ◽

Mbarek Nasri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Kidney Dysfunction ◽

Serum Electrolytes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Key Enzyme ◽

Lowered Body

Obesity is a serious health problem that increased risk for many complications, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The results showed EZA, which found rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, exhibited an inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipasein vitrowith IC50of 91.07 μg/mL.In vivoadministration of this extract to HFD-rats lowered body weight and serum leptin level; and inhibited lipase activity of obese rats by 37% leading to notable decrease of T-Ch, TGs and LDL-c levels accompanied with an increase in HDL-c concentration in serum and liver of EZA treated HFD-rats. Moreover, the findings revealed that EZA helped to protect liver tissue from the appearance of fatty cysts. Interestingly, supplementation of EZA modulated key enzyme related to hypertension such as ACE by 36% in serum of HFD animals and improve some of serum electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+and Mg2+. Moreover, EZA significantly protected the liver-kidney function by reverted back near to normal the values of the liver-kidney dysfunction indices AST&ALT, ALP, CPK and GGT activities, decreased T-Bili, creat, urea and uric acid rates. In conclusion, these results showed a strong antihypelipidemic effect of EZA which can delay the occurrence of dislipidemia and hypertension.

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Comparison of Efficacy of the Pap and H & E in Identifying the Various Changes in Liver Samples of High Fat Diet Induced Rat - In vitro Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i54a33757 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 364-380

Author(s):

E. Dhivya Sri ◽

R. Priyadharshini ◽

Palati Sinduja ◽

V. Meghashree

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Wide Range

Introduction: High fat induced (HFI) liver is associated with a high calorie intake and many other diet-induced complications, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. HFI is the most common chronic liver disease that develops due to high fat intake. A wide range of liver injuries is associated with HFI, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome may be induced in rats by feeding them a diet rich in carbohydrates and fat. The aim of the study is Comparison of efficacy of the PAP (Papanicolaou) stain and H&E (Hematoxylin and eosin) stain in identifying the various changes in liver samples of high fat diet induced rat. Materials and Methods: Liver samples of Normal control group animal and High fat diet induced animal were sectioned, weighed fixed 10% neutral buffer formalin and mounted in DPX compound. Four micrometer sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAP stains for the histological examination of micro-vesicular and macro-vesicular steatosis in the liver tissue. The grading of steatosis was given from 0-3 based on the lipid accumulation (steatosis): grade 0 - absence; grade 1 - mild Steatosis (<30% hepatocyte); grade 2- moderate steatosis (30%-70% hepatocyte); grade3- severe steatosis (>70%hepatocytes). Efficacy of grade of PAP stain and H&E stain were accessed and statistically evaluated by considering seven parameters and overall staining characters where compared. Results: Our present study evaluated high fat induced hepatic steatosis of H&E and PAP stain and also evaluated efficacy of both the stain. In our study, Pie chart showing the percentage distribution of Number of micro-vesicles about 70% represents greater than 30, 10% represents 30-70, 20% represents less than 70 (Fig. 1). In our study 20% represents the greater than 30, 30% represents the 30-70, 50% represents Less than 70 (Fig. 2). 30% represents mild steatosis, 20% represents moderate steatosis, 50% represents Severe Steatosis (Fig. 3). Conclusion: We demonstrated the comparative efficiency of the PAP and H&E high fat diet induced rat liver by in vivo and conclude that both H&E and PAP stain has equal efficacy and clarity in observing the various minute parameters.

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Effect of Synchronous Versus Sequential Regimens on the Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Regorafenib with Irradiation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Tung-Hu Tsai ◽

Yu-Jen Chen ◽

Li-Ying Wang ◽

Chen-Hsi Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hep G2 ◽

Time Curve ◽

Dose Dependent

This study was performed to evaluate the interaction between conventional or high-dose radiotherapy (RT) and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of regorafenib in concurrent or sequential regimens for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Concurrent and sequential in vitro and in vivo studies of irradiation and regorafenib were designed. The interactions of RT and regorafenib in vitro were examined in the human hepatoma Huh-7, HA22T and Hep G2 cell lines. The RT–PK phenomenon and biodistribution of regorafenib under RT were confirmed in a free-moving rat model. Regorafenib inhibited the viability of Huh-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis in Huh-7 cells was enhanced by RT followed by regorafenib treatment. In the concurrent regimen, RT decreased the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)regorafenib by 74% (p = 0.001) in the RT2 Gy × 3 fraction (f’x) group and by 69% (p = 0.001) in the RT9 Gy × 3 f’x group. The AUCregorafenib was increased by 182.8% (p = 0.011) in the sequential RT2Gy × 1 f’x group and by 213.2% (p = 0.016) in the sequential RT9Gy × 1 f’x group. Both concurrent regimens, RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, clearly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib in the heart, liver, lung, spleen and kidneys, compared to the control (regorafenib × 3 d) group. The concurrent regimens, both RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, significantly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib, compared with the control group. The PK of regorafenib can be modulated both by off-target irradiation and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

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Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2013-0307 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 405-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xian-Wei Li ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Wei Hao ◽

Jie-Ren Yang

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Low Dose ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Fat

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. The expression levels of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were measured using immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR, and (or) Western blot. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. The results showed that sequoyitol significantly decreased FBG, BUN, and SCr levels, and increased the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The level of T-AOC was significantly increased, while ROS and MDA levels and the expression of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were decreased with sequoyitol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that sequoyitol ameliorates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats, as induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, through its glucose-lowering effects, antioxidant activity, and regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

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Aloe-Emodin Relieves High-Fat Diet Induced QT Prolongation via MiR-1 Inhibition and IK1 Up-Regulation in Rats

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000484120 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 1961-1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yan Bai ◽

Zhenli Su ◽

Hanqi Sun ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

Xue Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Action Potential ◽

Protein Expression ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Qt Prolongation ◽

Electrical Remodeling ◽

High Fat ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Aloe Emodin

Background/Aims: High-fat diet (HFD) causes cardiac electrical remodeling and increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Aloe-emodin (AE) is an anthraquinone component isolated from rhubarb and has a similar chemical structure with emodin. The protective effect of emodin against cardiac diseases has been reported in the literature. However, the cardioprotective property of AE is still unknown. The present study investigated the effect of AE on HFD-induced QT prolongation in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, HFD, and AE-treatment groups. Normal diet was given to rats in the control group, high-fat diet was given to rats in HFD and AE-treatment groups for a total of 10 weeks. First, HFD rats and AE-treatment rats were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks to establish the HFD model. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured to validate the HFD model. Afterward, AE-treatment rats were intragastrically administered with 100 mg/kg AE each day for 6 weeks. Electrocardiogram monitoring and whole-cell patch-clamp technique were applied to examine cardiac electrical activity, action potential and inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), respectively. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were subjected to cholesterol and/or AE. Protein expression of Kir2.1 was detected by Western blot and miR-1 level was examined by real-time PCR in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: In vivo, AE significantly shortened the QT interval, action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) and resting membrane potential (RMP), which were markedly elongated by HFD. AE increased IK1 current and Kir2.1 protein expression which were reduced in HFD rats. Furthermore, AE significantly inhibited pro-arrhythmic miR-1 in the hearts of HFD rats. In vitro, AE decreased miR-1 expression levels resulting in an increase of Kir2.1 protein levels in cholesterol-enriched NRVMs. Conclusions: AE prevents HFD-induced QT prolongation by repressing miR-1 and upregulating its target Kir2.1. These findings suggest a novel pharmacological role of AE in HFD-induced cardiac electrical remodeling.

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Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

E.S. El-Wakil ◽

H.F. Abdelmaksoud ◽

T.S. AbouShousha ◽

M.M.I. Ghallab

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Drug Effects ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Group I ◽

Small Intestinal

Abstract Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.

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