scholarly journals Age-related decline in metabolite heavy isotope content in rodent organs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Li ◽  
Michael P. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Water ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Heavy Isotope ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Isotopic Effects ◽  
Isotope Content

AbstractHeavy isotopes are discriminated by biological systems due to kinetic isotopic effects at the biochemical/metabolic levels. How these heavy isotopes are enriched or depleted over a long term is unclear, but artificial manipulation of heavy isotope content in various organisms has produced significant impacts on biological functions, suggesting the origin may arise with intrinsic mechanisms for a functional outcome. Our previous study has revealed an age-associated decline in metabolite heavy isotope content (HIC) in the budding yeast, which could be reversed in part by supplementing heavy water, and consequently, also increased yeast lifespans. In the current study, we report a similar age-dependent decline in HIC from three types of mouse tissues: brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Furthermore, individual tissues exhibited different patterns of HIC change over age, which appeared to match their development and maturation timelines. These results have demonstrated that age-dependent decline in HIC also exists in mammals, which is likely a traceable feature of development and perhaps aging. Thus, we believe that reversing the decline in HIC could have the potential to extend the healthspan of humans.

scholarly journals A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Octodon degus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Rivera ◽  
Carolina B. Lindsay ◽  
Carolina A. Oliva ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic ◽  
Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Barnes Maze ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent

Aging is a progressive functional decline characterized by a gradual deterioration in physiological function and behavior. The most important age-related change in cognitive function is decline in cognitive performance (i.e., the processing or transformation of information to make decisions that includes speed of processing, working memory, and learning). The purpose of this study is to outline the changes in age-related cognitive performance (i.e., short-term recognition memory and long-term learning and memory) in long-lived Octodon degus. The strong similarity between degus and humans in social, metabolic, biochemical, and cognitive aspects makes it a unique animal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits related to natural aging. In this study, we examined young adult female degus (12- and 24-months-old) and aged female degus (38-, 56-, and 75-months-old) that were exposed to a battery of cognitive-behavioral tests. Multivariate analyses of data from the Social Interaction test or Novel Object/Local Recognition (to measure short-term recognition memory), and the Barnes maze test (to measure long-term learning and memory) revealed a consistent pattern. Young animals formed a separate group of aged degus for both short- and long-term memories. The association between the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) from short-term memory with the first component of the PCA from long-term memory showed a significant negative correlation. This suggests age-dependent differences in both memories, with the aged degus having higher values of long-term memory ability but poor short-term recognition memory, whereas in the young degus an opposite pattern was found. Approximately 5% of the young and 80% of the aged degus showed an impaired short-term recognition memory; whereas for long-term memory about 32% of the young degus and 57% of the aged degus showed decreased performance on the Barnes maze test. Throughout this study, we outlined age-dependent cognitive performance decline during natural aging in degus. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the use of a multivariate approach let us explore and visualize complex behavioral variables, and identified specific behavioral patterns that allowed us to make powerful conclusions that will facilitate further the study on the biology of aging. In addition, this study could help predict the onset of the aging process based on behavioral performance.

scholarly journals miR-155 Predicts Long-Term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Younger than 65 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Tacke ◽  
Martina E. Spehlmann ◽  
Mihael Vucur ◽  
Fabian Benz ◽  
Mark Luedde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Introduction. Alterations in miR-155 serum levels have been described in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Moreover, a role for miR-155 in aging and age-related diseases was recently suggested. We therefore analyzed a potential age-dependent prognostic value of circulating miR-155 as a serum-based marker in critical illness. Methods. Concentrations of circulating miR-155 were determined in 218 critically ill patients and 76 healthy controls. Results. By using qPCR, we demonstrate that miR-155 serum levels are elevated in patients with critical illness when compared to controls. Notably, levels of circulating miR-155 were independent on the severity of disease, the disease etiology, or the presence of sepsis. In the total cohort, miR-155 was not an indicator for patient survival. Intriguingly, when patients were subdivided according to their age upon admission to the ICU into those younger than 65 years, lower levels of miR-155 turned out as a strong marker, indicating patient mortality with a similar accuracy than other markers frequently used to evaluate critically ill patients on a medical ICU. Conclusion. In summary, the data provided within this study suggest an age-specific role of miR-155 as a prognostic biomarker in patients younger than 65 years. Our study is the first to describe an age-dependent miRNA-based prognostic biomarker in human diseases.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Noise and Age-related Hearing Loss in an Elderly Population of Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi De Maria ◽  
Antonio Caputi ◽  
Rodolfo Sardone ◽  
Enza Sabrina Silvana Cannone ◽  
Francesca Mansi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Background: Age-Related Hearing Loss (ARHL) is a gradual and irreversible age-dependent decline in auditory function. There is still no consensus on the long-term functional effects of noise exposure on ARHL. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of ARHL in an elderly population occupationally exposed to noise in a non-exposed population. Methods: The population was divided into two groups: a group of 482 subjects professionally exposed to noise for over 10 years and a group of 1129 non-exposed subjects. Among the exposed subjects, a subgroup of 298 who worked for over 10 years in the glassware industry was selected. All the participants underwent a thorough otorhinolaryngological examination. Results: The presence of ARHL was found in 81% of exposed subjects and in 4% of non-exposed subjects. In the sub-group of glassware workers, the prevalence was 88%. The statistical analysis showed a significant association between previous occupational exposure to noise and ARHL (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.067-1.124; p = 0.0012) and between exposure to the glassware industry and ARHL (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.78-1.96; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Consistent with recent studies, we found a significantly higher prevalence of ARHL among workers exposed to noise; however, further studies are needed to support these findings.

scholarly journals Spermidine protects from age-related synaptic alterations at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Maglione ◽  
Gaga Kochlamazashvili ◽  
Tobias Eisenberg ◽  
Bence Rácz ◽  
Eva Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Hippocampal Synapses ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractAging is associated with functional alterations of synapses thought to contribute to age-dependent memory impairment (AMI). While therapeutic avenues to protect from AMI are largely elusive, supplementation of spermidine, a polyamine normally declining with age, has been shown to restore defective proteostasis and to protect from AMI in Drosophila. Here we demonstrate that dietary spermidine protects from age-related synaptic alterations at hippocampal mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses and prevents the aging-induced loss of neuronal mitochondria. Dietary spermidine rescued age-dependent decreases in synaptic vesicle density and largely restored defective presynaptic MF-CA3 long-term potentiation (LTP) at MF-CA3 synapses (MF-CA3) in aged animals. In contrast, spermidine failed to protect CA3-CA1 hippocampal synapses characterized by postsynaptic LTP from age-related changes in function and morphology. Our data demonstrate that dietary spermidine attenuates age-associated deterioration of MF-CA3 synaptic transmission and plasticity. These findings provide a physiological and molecular basis for the future therapeutic usage of spermidine.

scholarly journals Identification of driver genes and biological signaling for alcoholic myopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Letian Wang ◽  
Hanming Gu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Driver Genes ◽  
Alcoholic Myopathy ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Long-term alcohol consumption contributes to muscle weakness and atrophy. However, the mechanism and biological functions are still not clear. In this study, we aim to identify the significantly changed genes and potential signaling pathways in the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle from C57BL/6Hsd mice by analyzing RNA sequence. The GSE183665 dataset was created by using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (Mus musculus). The KEGG and GO analyses showed that "cell migration", "cell adhesion", and "apoptosis" are major biological processes in the skeletal muscles. Moreover, we identified a number of genes including POSTN, GNAI2, MMP2, ELN, CCND1, CXCL12, COL6A1, COL6A2, SFRP2, and FSTL1 by using the PPI network and Reactome map. Thus, our study may shed light on the development of drugs on alcohol myopathy.

scholarly journals Understanding the Potential Role of Sirtuin 2 on Aging: Consequences of SIRT2.3 Overexpression in Senescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3107
Author(s):  
Noemi Sola-Sevilla ◽  
Ana Ricobaraza ◽  
Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba ◽  
Maria S. Aymerich ◽  
Rosa M. Tordera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
The Brain

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been associated to aging and age-related pathologies. Specifically, an age-dependent accumulation of isoform 3 of SIRT2 in the CNS has been demonstrated; however, no study has addressed the behavioral or molecular consequences that this could have on aging. In the present study, we have designed an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV-CAG-Sirt2.3-eGFP) for the overexpression of SIRT2.3 in the hippocampus of 2 month-old SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. Our results show that the specific overexpression of this isoform does not induce significant behavioral or molecular effects at short or long term in the control strain. Only a tendency towards a worsening in the performance in acquisition phase of the Morris Water Maze was found in SAMP8 mice, together with a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β. These results suggest that the age-related increase of SIRT2.3 found in the brain is not responsible for induction or prevention of senescence. Nevertheless, in combination with other risk factors, it could contribute to the progression of age-related processes. Understanding the specific role of SIRT2 on aging and the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential to design new and more successful therapies for the treatment of age-related diseases.

scholarly journals Regular and Moderate Exercise Counteracts the Decline of Antioxidant Protection but Not Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Burden in the Ovary of Reproductively Aging Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Falone ◽  
S. Jr Santini ◽  
V. Cordone ◽  
M. Grannonico ◽  
M. Cacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Molecular Damage

Population aging results in urgent needs of interventions aimed at ensuring healthy senescence. Exercise often results in healthy aging, yet many molecular mechanisms underlying such effects still need to be identified. We here investigated whether the age-dependent accumulation of oxidative and methylglyoxal- (MG-) related molecular damage could be delayed by moderate exercise in the mouse ovary, an organ that first exhibits impaired function with advancing age in mammals. CD1 female mice underwent two- or four-month treadmill-based running through the transition from adult to middle age, when ovaries show signs of senescence, and markers of protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MG were measured. The long-term exercise reduced the protein oxidative damage in the ovaries (P<0.01), and this was linked to the preservation of the glutathione peroxidase protection against ROS (P<0.001), as well as to the increased glutathione availability (P<0.001). Conversely, even though the age-related deactivation of the MG-targeting systems was partially prevented by the long-term running programme (P<0.001), exercised mice were not protected from the age-dependent glycative burden. In summary, lately initiated regular and moderate exercise limited some changes occurring in the ovaries of middle-aged mice, and this might help to develop nonpharmacological cointerventions to reduce the vulnerability of mammalian ovaries towards redox dysfunctions.

Age-Related Considerations in Cardio-Oncology

2020 ◽  
pp. 107424842096868
Author(s):  
Elles M. Screever ◽  
Wouter C. Meijers ◽  
Javid J. Moslehi
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Elderly Cancer Patients ◽  
Pediatric Cancers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Dependent Processes

Cardio-Oncology has blossomed as a new field in cardiovascular medicine, in large part due to new therapies, which may have cardiovascular sequelae. Despite this, anthracyclines still serve as cornerstone therapy for most pediatric cancers, several solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Cardiotoxicity is the main limiting concern with anthracyclines, and this is particularly an issue in patients in extremes of age (both young and old patients). Pediatric hearts are susceptible for cardiotoxicity, while in older patients, concomitant risk factors may contribute to lower threshold for cardiotoxic effects. With increasing patient survival, a significant increase in elderly cancer patients and long-term cardiotoxicity effects of anthracyclines, a better mechanistic understanding of age-dependent processes—that define cardiotoxicity—is needed. This review sheds light on how age affects underlying molecular pathways of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity and aims to provide preventive strategies that can be used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Senescence of song revealed by a long-term study of the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew L. Berg ◽  
Sarah C. Beebe ◽  
Jan Komdeur ◽  
Adam P. A. Cardilini ◽  
Raoul F. H. Ribot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Territory Quality ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Seychelles Warbler ◽  
Sexual Traits

AbstractSenescence is widespread in nature, often resulting in diminishing survival or reproduction with age, but its role in age-dependent variation in sexual traits is often poorly understood. One reason is that few studies of sexual traits consider non-linear relationships with age, or only consider a narrow range of years relative to the life span of the species. Birdsong has evolved to allow assessment of conspecific quality in numerous bird species. Whilst theory and empirical work suggests that song may become more elaborate with age, there are a paucity of long-term studies testing whether song is associated with age or longevity. In particular, the occurrence of song senescence has rarely been demonstrated. Using an exceptional long-term dataset for the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we analysed relationships between male song, age, survival, and longevity. This species is a long-lived songbird with early life increases, followed by senescent declines, in survival and reproduction. The study population (Cousin Island, Seychelles) is a closed population, with no depredation of adults, providing an excellent opportunity to study senescence in free-living animals. We tested whether song traits were related to age at recording, future survival, longevity, and territory quality. We found age-dependent changes in five song traits (duration, maximum frequency, peak frequency of songs, and duration and frequency bandwidth of trills). Relationships with age were quadratic, indicating reversal in the expression of song coinciding with the onset of senescence in reproduction and survival in this species. One song trait (trill bandwidth) had a quadratic relationship with future survival, but no song traits were related to longevity, suggesting age-related patterns were not the result of selective disappearance. Our study provides one of the first examples of functional senescence in song, offering new insights into avian senescence. Late-life declines in avian song, and possibly other sexual traits, may be more common than currently known, and may play a fundamental role in age-dependent changes in reproductive success.

COVID - 19 AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mazaeva N.A. ◽  
Golovina A.G.
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Age Dependent

In order to determine possible trends in the dynamics and characterological structure of personality in the General population caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a long-term strong stressful effect and clinically and psychopathologically comparable to chronic personality changes after experiencing a disaster, the conditions predisposing to personal transformation, including clinical and prognostic patterns, are analyzed. The age-dependent nature of these changes is shown, and a number of features identified for different age groups are discussed.

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