scholarly journals A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
June K. Corrigan ◽  
Deepti Ramachandran ◽  
Yuchen He ◽  
Colin Palmer ◽  
Michael J. Jurczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium ◽  
Housing Temperature ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractMaintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In humans and in laboratory mice these factors are experimentally measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability in results. Here we examine indirect calorimetry results from two experimental mouse projects, the Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers and International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium to develop insights into large-scale trends in mammalian metabolism. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wildtype mice revealed that the largest experimental variances are consequences of institutional site. This institutional effect on variation eclipsed those of housing temperature, body mass, locomotor activity, sex, or season. We do not find support for the claim that female mice have greater metabolic variation than male mice. An analysis of these factors shows a normal distribution for energy expenditure in the phenotypic analysis of 2,246 knockout strains and establishes a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Using this framework, we examine knockout strains with known metabolic phenotypes. We compare these effects with common environmental challenges including age, and exercise. We further examine the distribution of metabolic phenotypes exhibited by knockout strains of genes corresponding to GWAS obesity susceptibility loci. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents, as well as how to analyze and report data from these studies. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.

scholarly journals A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
June K Corrigan ◽  
Deepti Ramachandran ◽  
Yuchen He ◽  
Colin J Palmer ◽  
Michael J Jurczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Metabolic Physiology ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Maintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability. Energy metabolism is measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wild-type mice from two large-scale experiments revealed that the largest variation in energy expenditure is due to body composition, ambient temperature, and institutional site of experimentation. We also analyze variation in 2329 knockout strains and establish a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.

scholarly journals Effect of raw and encapsulated policosanol on lipid profiles, blood biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism of adult cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110137
Author(s):  
James R Templeman ◽  
Kylie Hogan ◽  
Alexandra Blanchard ◽  
Christopher PF Marinangeli ◽  
Alexandra Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Activity Energy

Objectives The objective of this study was to verify the safety of policosanol supplementation for domestic cats. The effects of raw and encapsulated policosanol were compared with positive (L-carnitine) and negative (no supplementation) controls on outcomes of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and physical activity in healthy young adult cats. Methods The study was a replicated 4 × 4 complete Latin square design. Eight cats (four castrated males, four spayed females; mean age 3.0 ± 1.0 years; mean weight 4.36 ± 1.08 kg; mean body condition score 5.4 ± 1.4) were blocked by sex and body weight then randomized to treatment groups: raw policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight), encapsulated policosanol (50 mg/kg body weight), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg body weight) or no supplementation. Treatments were supplemented to a basal diet for 28 days with a 1-week washout between periods. Food was distributed equally between two offerings to ensure complete supplement consumption (first offering) and measure consumption time (second offering). Blood collection (lipid profile, complete blood count, serum biochemistry) and indirect calorimetry (energy expenditure, respiratory quotient) were conducted at days 0, 14 and 28 of each period. Activity monitors were worn 7 days prior to indirect calorimetry and blood collection. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model (SAS, v.9.4). Results Food intake and body weight were similar among treatments. There was no effect of treatment on lipid profile, serum biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure or respiratory quotient ( P >0.05); however, time to consume a second meal was greatest in cats fed raw policosanol ( P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance These data suggest that policosanol is safe for feline consumption. Further studies with cats demonstrating cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted to confirm whether policosanol therapy is an efficacious treatment for hyperlipidemia and obesity.

ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN 21-HYDROXYLASE CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA PATIENTS AND COMPARISON WITH PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-398
Author(s):  
Daniel Minutti de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques ◽  
Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves ◽  
Sofia Helena Valente de Lemos-Marini ◽  
Gil Guerra-Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone

Objective: To characterize resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with classic 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH CAH) using indirect calorimetry and compare it to the most commonly used REE predictive equations. Methods: This case-control study comprised 29 post-pubertal 21-OH CAH patients regularly followed at the University of Campinas. Elevated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and CYP21 gene molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis. A healthy control group paired by age, gender, and body mass index was examined. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured body compositions. A bioimpedance analyzer determined fat-free mass, and indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart measured REE. Results: Unlike our initial hypothesis, REE was similar between the groups (18.7 ± 3.1 kcal/kg/day in CAH vs. 20.3 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day in controls; P = .728). No predictive equations reached the stipulated accuracy criteria, thus lacking validity in REE assessment in adults with the characteristics of the group studied. DEXA analysis revealed higher body fat and diminished nonbone lean mass in 21-OH CAH. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters were not significantly different. Conclusion: Classic 21-OH CAH is generally followed in reference centers, which may facilitate indirect calorimetry use for REE measurement. Alternatively, considering our REE findings in adult 21-OH CAH patients, nutrition management based on 25 kcal/body weight/day (measured REE × activity factor 1.2 to 1.3) may be reasonable for current body weight maintenance in these patients. Abbreviations: 17-OHP = 17-hydroxyprogesterone; 21-OH CAH = classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia; BMI = body mass index; REE = resting energy expenditure; VO2 = volume of oxygen; VCO2 = volume of carbon dioxide

Metabolic equivalents of body weight resistance exercise with slow movement in older adults using indirect calorimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakagata ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Hisashi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Push Up

We examined the metabolic equivalents (METs) of body weight resistance exercise with slow movement in older adults using indirect calorimetry. Thirteen men and 7 women (mean age, 70.8 ± 4.8 years) participating in this study performed 4 exercises (squat, knee push-up, crunch, and heel-raise). Squat was categorized as 3.6 to 3.8 METs, whereas knee push-up, crunch, and heel-raise were categorized as 2.1 to 3.2 METs based on aerobic energy expenditure. Those values are comparable with those of younger adults.

Influence of body weight on energy expenditure

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Malhotra ◽  
S. S. Ramaswamy ◽  
S. N. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Male Subjects

Energy expenditure in a group of 58 adult male subjects has been studied for marching, rifle drill, parade, physical training, bayonet fighting, cycling, sitting, and standing, using the method of indirect calorimetry. For all these tasks a linear relationship between energy expenditure and body weight has been established. Submitted on September 5, 1961

scholarly journals Metabolic adaptation is not observed after 8 weeks of overfeeding but energy expenditure variability is associated with weight recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy L Johannsen ◽  
Kara L Marlatt ◽  
Kevin E Conley ◽  
Steven R Smith ◽  
Eric Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wide Variability

ABSTRACT Background A metabolic adaptation, defined as an increase in energy expenditure (EE) beyond what is expected with weight gain during overfeeding (OF), has been reported but also refuted. Much of the inconsistency stems from the difficulty in conducting large, well-controlled OF studies in humans. Objectives The primary aim of this study was to determine whether a metabolic adaptation to OF exists and if so, attenuates weight gain. Methods Thirty-five young adults consumed 40% above their baseline energy requirements for 8 wk, and sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and 24-h sedentary energy expenditure (24h-EE) were measured before and after OF. Subjects were asked to return for a 6-mo post-OF follow-up visit to measure body weight, body composition, and physical activity. Results After adjusting for gains in fat-free mass and fat mass, SMR increased by 43 ± 123 kcal/d more than expected (P = 0.05) and 24h-EE by 23 ± 139 kcal/d (P = 0.34), indicating an overall lack of metabolic adaptation during OF despite a wide variability in the response. Among the 30 subjects who returned for the 6-mo follow-up visit, those who had a lower-than-predicted SMR (basal EE) retained more of the fat gained during OF. Likewise, subjects displaying a higher-than-predicted sedentary 24h-EE lost significantly more fat during the 6-mo follow-up. Conclusions Metabolic adaptation to OF was on average very small but variable between subjects, revealing “thrifty” or “spendthrift” metabolic phenotypes related to body weight loss 6 mo later. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01672632.

scholarly journals Increased Energy Expenditure Contributes More to the Body Weight-Reducing Effect of Rimonabant than Reduced Food Intake in Candy-Fed Wistar Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 2557-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas W. Herling ◽  
Susanne Kilp ◽  
Ralf Elvert ◽  
Guido Haschke ◽  
Werner Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Stores

The CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, affects the endocannabinoid system and causes a sustained reduction in body weight (BW) despite the transient nature of the reduction in food intake. Therefore, in a multiple-dose study, female candy-fed Wistar rats were treated with rimonabant (10 mg/kg) and matched with pair-fed rats to distinguish between hypophagic action and hypothesized effects on energy expenditure. Within the first week of treatment, rimonabant reduced BW nearly to levels of standard rat chow-fed rats. Evaluation of energy balance (energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in relation to metabolizable energy intake calculated by bomb calorimetry) revealed that increased energy expenditure based on increased fat oxidation contributed more to sustained BW reduction than reduced food intake. A mere food reduction through pair feeding did not result in comparable effects because animals reduced their energy expenditure to save energy stores. Because fat oxidation measured by indirect calorimetry increased immediately after dosing in the postprandial state, the acute effect of rimonabant on lipolysis was investigated in postprandial male rats. Rimonabant elevated free fatty acids postprandially, demonstrating an inherent pharmacological activity of rimonabant to induce lipolysis and not secondarily postabsorptively due to reduced food intake. We conclude that the weight-reducing effect of rimonabant was due to continuously elevated energy expenditure based on increased fat oxidation driven by lipolysis from fat tissue as long as fat stores were elevated. When the amount of endogenous fat stores declined, rimonabant-induced increased energy expenditure was maintained by a re-increase in food intake.

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic-Measurement Method—Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment of Polish Children Practicing Football

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Maciej Kuchciak ◽  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Resting Energy

Establishing the amount of energy needed to cover the energy demand of children doing sport training and thus ensuring they achieve an even energy balance requires the resting energy expenditure (REE) to be estimated. One of the methods that measures REE is the indirect calorimetry method, which may be influenced by many factors, including body composition, gender, age, height or blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the resting energy expenditure of children regularly playing football and selected factors that influence the REE in this group. The study was conducted among 219 children aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter, a device used to assess body composition by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of segment analyzer and a blood pressure monitor. The results of REE obtained by indirect calorimetry were compared with the results calculated using the ready-to-use formula, the Harris Benedict formula. The results showed a significant correlation of girls’ resting energy expenditure with muscle mass and body height, while boys’ resting energy expenditure was correlated with muscle mass and body water content. The value of the REE was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than the value of the basal metabolic rate calculated by means of Harris Benedict formula. The obtained results can be a worthwhile suggestion for specialists dealing with energy demand planning in children, especially among those who are physically active to achieve optimal sporting successes ensuring proper functioning of their body.

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