Effective control and switching of optical multistability in a three-level V-type atomic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam H. M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Amarendra K. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Atomic System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Optical Multistability

THE EFFECT OF DECAY-INDUCED INTERFERENCE ON THE PHASE CONTROL OF THE OPTICAL BISTABILITY (OB)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAHRAI ◽  
R. KHERADMAND ◽  
N. SALAHSHOUR ◽  
M. MAHMOUDI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Optical Bistability ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Atomic System ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Optical Multistability ◽  
Applied Fields ◽  
Optical Ring ◽  
Incoherent Pumping Field

This paper studies the optical bistability in a degenerate three-level Λ-type atomic system in a unidirectional optical ring cavity. The effect of quantum interference on the phase control of the optical bistabilty is then discussed. It is shown that the optical bistability changes with the intensity of coupling and the rate of an incoherent pumping field. The possibility of creating an optical multistability (OM) by the intensity of coupling field relative phase between the applied fields, and the rate of an incoherent pump field has also been discussed.

ANALYSIS OF THE OPTICAL MULTISTABILITY BEHAVIOR IN A FOUR-LEVEL ATOMIC SYSTEM WITH AN ASSISTING MICROWAVE-DRIVEN FIELD

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 2151-2160
Author(s):  
ZHI-PING WANG ◽  
SHUANG-XI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Atomic System ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Optical Computing ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Spontaneously Generated Coherence ◽  
Optical Multistability ◽  
All Optical

We show the steady-state optical multistability (OM) behavior in a four-level atomic system inside a unidirectional ring cavity. We find that the intensity and the detunings of the fields can affect the optical multistability behavior dramatically, which can be used to control the transition from OM to OB or vice versa without the need to resort to the effect of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). The effect of the atomic cooperation parameter on OM is also studied. Our scheme may be used for building more efficient all-optical switches and logic-gate devices for optical computing and quantum information processing.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System Development ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

Endocrine Treatment of Breast Cancer: Current Perspectives, Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazia Irfan ◽  
Mainul Haque ◽  
Sayeeda Rahman ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Nuzhat Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Endocrine Treatment ◽  
Estrogen Production ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Breast cancer remains one of the major causes of death in women, and endocrine treatment is currently one of the mainstay of treatment in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Endocrine therapy either slows down or stops the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors by blocking the body’s capability to yield hormones or by interfering with hormone action. In this paper, we intended to review various approaches of endocrine treatments for breast cancer highlighting successes and limitations. There are three settings where endocrine treatment of breast cancer can be used: neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic. Several strategies have also been developed to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer which include ovarian ablation, blocking estrogen production, and stopping estrogen effects. Selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) (e.g. tamoxifen and raloxifene), aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (e.g. anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane), gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH) (e.g. goserelin), and selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) (e.g. fulvestrant) are currently used drugs to treat breast cancer. Tamoxifen is probably the first targeted therapy widely used in breast cancer treatment which is considered to be very effective as first line endocrine treatment in previously untreated patients and also can be used after other endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. AIs inhibit the action of enzyme aromatase which ultimately decrease the production of estrogen to stimulate the growth of ER+ breast cancer cells. GnRH agonists suppress ovarian function, inducing artificial menopause in premenopausal women. Endocrine treatments are cheap, well-tolerated and have a fixed single daily dose for all ages, heights and weights of patients. Endocrine treatments are not nearly as toxic as chemotherapy and frequent hospitalization can be avoided. New drugs in preliminary trials demonstrated the potential for improvement of the efficacy of endocrine therapy including overcoming resistance. However, the overall goals for breast cancer including endocrine therapy should focus on effective control of cancer, design personalized medical therapeutic approach, increase survival time and quality of life, and improve supportive and palliative care for end-stage disease.

The use of conceptual and categorical apparatus in the cross-national comparative researches

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Dariya Logvinova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
Cross National

At the beginning of the XXI century a noticeable transformation of migration processes is observed under the influence of globalization, which effect the change of social, cultural, spiritual and economic models of different countries and world regions more and more actively. This stipulates the necessity for host countries to improve migration policies for more effective control over economic, social and cultural advantages or, vice versa, disadvantages, which international migration brings with it. Consequently, the necessity of constant examination of this problem seems logical, including the level of cross-national comparative researches, during which the study of the same phenomenon in two or more countries in various socio-cultural conditions with the usage of the same tools takes place. Taking into consideration the variable and unpredictable nature of the problem, the necessity of the stable basis for such researches is transparent, first of all, the need of permanent generally accepted and used conceptual and categorical apparatus, which predetermines primary importance of the research of this apparatus in the field of migration; in this context, the analysis of using of the terms “migrant” and “ethnic minority” in the scientific political and social discourses of such countries, as Canada, Great Britain and Germany is given in the case of this article. Keywords: Migration, migrant, ethnic minority, cross-national comparative researches, conceptual and categorical apparatus

Validity of a Serological Diagnostic Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Available in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Shamsollahi ◽  
Mostafa Amini ◽  
Shaban Alizadeh ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Ali Akbari-Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Negative Controls

Background: The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic broke out in December 2019 and is now characterized as a pandemic. Effective control of this infectious disease requires access to diagnostic techniques, for both case finding and epidemic size estimation. The molecular technique is routinely used worldwide. Although it is the "standard" case detection and management method, it has its own shortcomings. Thus, some easy-to-use rapid serological tests have been developed. Methods: One hundred and fourteen positive RT-PCR-diagnosed patients were tested by VivaDiag Kit, a brand of rapid serological kits available in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. Frozen serum specimens taken from healthy people in summer and fall 2019 were also tested as negative controls. Results: Test sensitivity was 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.8-56.9) for IgM and 47.0% (95% CI: 38.0–56.0) for IgG. There was no difference between IgG and IgM seropositivity except in one case. Specificity was calculated as 99.0% (95% CI: 96.4–99.9) for IgM and of 100.0% (95% CI: 0.98.2–100.0) for IgG. Sensitivity was higher in men and older participants. Conclusion: This test can be used for epidemiological investigations, especially for the estimation of the level of infection in the community, after it is properly corrected for sensitivity and specificity. The low sensitivity could be attributed to the technical limitations of the kit or low levels of antibodies after infection. The different sensitivity in age and sex groups supports the hypothesis that different people show different immune responses to this virus.

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