New Insights into Roles of Cell Wall Invertase in Early Seed Development Revealed by Comprehensive Spatial and Temporal Expression Patterns of GhCWIN1 in Cotton

Abstract Background SWEETs (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported transporters) function as sugar efflux transporters that perform diverse physiological functions, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and pathogen nutrition. The SWEET gene family has been identified and characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about in Litchi chinensis, which is an important evergreen fruit crop. Results In this study, 16 LcSWEET genes were identified and nominated according to its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the 7 alpha-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were basically conserved in LcSWEETs. The LcSWEETs were divided into four clades (Clade I to Clade IV) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 8 predicted motifs were detected in the litchi LcSWEET genes. The 16 LcSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in 9 chromosomes and there was one pairs of segmental duplicated events by synteny analysis. The expression patterns of the 16 LcSWEET genes showed higher expression levels in reproductive organs. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of LcSWEET2a and LcSWEET3b indicated they play central roles during early seed development. Conclusions The litchi genome contained 16 SWEET genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. Gene expression suggested that LcSWEETs played important roles in the growth and development of litchi fruits. Genes that regulate early seed development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SWEET gene family in litchi, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies of LcSWEET genes and improvement of litchi fruits.

Download Full-text

Cell wall invertase as a regulator in determining sequential development of endosperm and embryo through glucose signaling early in seed development

Plant Signaling & Behavior ◽

10.4161/psb.22722 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e22722 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Shengjin Liao ◽

Yong-Ling Ruan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Seed Development ◽

Cell Wall Invertase ◽

Glucose Signaling ◽

Sequential Development

Download Full-text

Temporal expression patterns of fruit-specific α- EXPANSINS during cell expansion in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18016/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Mayorga-Gómez ◽

Savithri Nambeesan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Expansion ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Temporal Expression ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

Pepper Fruit ◽

Wall Loosening

Abstract Background Expansins (EXP) facilitate non-enzymatic cell wall loosening during several phases of plant growth and development including fruit growth, internode expansion, pollen tube growth, leaf and root development, and during abiotic stress responses. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of C. annuum α- EXPANSINS (CaEXPA) genes were characterized. Additionally, fruit-specific CaEXPA expression was correlated with the rate of cell expansion during bell pepper fruit development. Results Spatial expression patterns revealed that CaEXPA13 was up-regulated in vegetative tissues and flowers, with the most abundant expression in mature leaves. Expression of CaEXPA4 was associated with stems and roots. CaEXPA3 was expressed abundantly in flower at anthesis suggesting a role for CaEXPA3 in flower development. Temporal expression analysis revealed that 9 out of the 21 genes were highly expressed during fruit development. Of these, expression of six genes, CaEXPA5, CaEXPA7, CaEXPA12, CaEXPA14 CaEXPA17 and CaEXPA19 were abundant 7 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas CaEXP6 was strongly expressed between 14 and 28 DAA. Further, this study revealed that fruit growth and cell expansion occur throughout bell pepper development until ripening, with highest rates of fruit growth and cell expansion occurring between 7 and 14 DAA. The expression of CaEXPA14 and CaEXPA19 positively correlated with the rate of cell expansion, suggesting their role in post-mitotic cell expansion-mediated growth of the bell pepper fruit. In this study, a ripening specific EXP transcript, CaEXPA9 was identified, suggesting its role in cell wall disassembly during ripening.Conclusion This is the first genome-wide study of CaEXPA expression during fruit growth and development. Identification of a fruit-specific EXPAs suggest their importance in facilitating cell expansion during growth and cell wall loosening during ripening in bell pepper. These EXPA genes could be important targets for future manipulation of fruit size and ripening characteristics.

Download Full-text

Cell Wall Invertase and Sucrose Synthase Regulate Sugar Metabolism During Seed Development in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s40011-016-0736-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Ruchi Bansal

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Seed Development ◽

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Sugar Metabolism ◽

Plantago Ovata ◽

Cell Wall Invertase

Download Full-text

Temporal expression patterns of fruit-specific α- EXPANSINS during cell expansion in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18016/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Savithri Nambeesan ◽

Andrés Mayorga-Gómez

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Expansion ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Temporal Expression ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

Pepper Fruit ◽

Wall Loosening

Abstract BackgroundExpansins (EXP) facilitate non-enzymatic cell wall loosening during several phases of plant growth and development including fruit growth, internode expansion, pollen tube growth, leaf and root development, and during abiotic stress responses. In this study, we characterized the spatial and temporal expression pattern of C. annuum α- EXPANSINS (CaEXPA) genes. Additionally, we correlated fruit-specific CaEXPA expression with the rate of cell expansion during bell pepper fruit development. ResultsSpatial expression patterns revealed that CaEXPA13 was up-regulated in vegetative tissues and flowers, with the most abundant expression in mature leaves. Expression of CaEXPA4 was associated with stems and roots. CaEXPA3 was expressed abundantly in flower at anthesis suggesting a role for CaEXPA3 in flower development. Temporal expression analysis revealed that 9 out of the 21 genes were highly expressed during fruit development. Of these, expression of six genes, CaEXPA5, CaEXPA7, CaEXPA12, CaEXPA14 CaEXPA17 and CaEXPA19 were abundant 7 to 21 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas CaEXP6 was strongly expressed between 14 and 28 DAA. Further, this study revealed that fruit growth and cell expansion occur throughout bell pepper development until ripening, with highest rates of fruit growth and cell expansion occurring between 7 and 14 DAA. The expression of CaEXPA14 and CaEXPA19 positively correlated with the rate of cell expansion, suggesting their role in post-mitotic cell expansion-mediated growth of the bell pepper fruit. In this study, we also identified high transcript abundance of CaEXPA9 during ripening.ConclusionThis is the first genome-wide study of CaEXPA expression during fruit growth and development. We identified a fruit-specific EXPA that may be important in facilitating cell expansion during growth and cell wall loosening during ripening in bell pepper. These EXPA genes could be important targets for future manipulation of fruit size and ripening characteristics.

Download Full-text

In silico and expression analyses of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins reveal functional conservation during embryo and seed development

Plant Reproduction ◽

10.1007/s00497-019-00376-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 353-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mário Costa ◽

Ana Marta Pereira ◽

Sara Cristina Pinto ◽

Jessy Silva ◽

Luís Gustavo Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Seed Development ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽

Cork Oak ◽

Functional Domain ◽

Functional Conservation

Key message The fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins organization into four groups is conserved and may be related to specific roles in developmental processes across angiosperms. Abstract Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), which contain fasciclin-like domains in addition to typical AGP domains. FLAs are present across all embryophytes, and despite their low overall sequence similarity, conserved regions that define the fasciclin functional domain (FAS) have been identified, suggesting that the cell adhesion property is also conserved. FLAs in Arabidopsis have been organized into four subgroups according to the number and distribution of functional domains. Recent studies associated FLAs with cell wall-related processes where domain organization seemed to be related to functional roles. In Arabidopsis, FLAs containing a single FAS domain were found to be important for the integrity and elasticity of the plant cell wall matrix, and FLAs with two FAS domains and two AGP domains were found to be involved in maintaining proper cell expansion under salt stress conditions. The main purpose of the present work was to elucidate the expression pattern of selected FLA genes during embryo and seed development using RT-qPCR. AtFLA8 and AtFLA10, two Arabidopsis genes that stood out in previous microarray studies of embryo development, were further examined using promoter-driven gene reporter analyses. We also studied the expression of cork oak FLA genes and found that their expression partially parallels the expression patterns of the putative AtFLA orthologs. We propose that the functional organization of FLAs is conserved and may be related to fundamental aspects of embryogenesis and seed development across angiosperms. Phylogenetic studies were performed, and we show that the same basic four-subgroup organization described for Arabidopsis FLA gene classification is valid for most Arabidopsis FLA orthologs of several plant species, namely poplar, corn and cork oak.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Transcriptome Profiles of Soybean (Glycine max) Tissues during Early Seed Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21207603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (20) ◽

pp. 7603

Author(s):

Shuo Sun ◽

Changyu Yi ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Shoudong Wang ◽

Marta Peirats-Llobet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Development ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Endosperm Development ◽

A Genome ◽

Early Seed Development ◽

Spatio Temporal

Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop providing oil and protein for both human and animal consumption. Knowing which biological processes take place in specific tissues in a temporal manner will enable directed breeding or synthetic approaches to improve seed quantity and quality. We analyzed a genome-wide transcriptome dataset from embryo, endosperm, endothelium, epidermis, hilum, outer and inner integument and suspensor at the global, heart and cotyledon stages of soybean seed development. The tissue specificity of gene expression was greater than stage specificity, and only three genes were differentially expressed in all seed tissues. Tissues had both unique and shared enriched functional categories of tissue-specifically expressed genes associated with them. Strong spatio-temporal correlation in gene expression was identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, with the most co-expression occurring in one seed tissue. Transcription factors with distinct spatiotemporal gene expression programs in each seed tissue were identified as candidate regulators of expression within those tissues. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment of orthogroup clusters revealed the conserved functions and unique roles of orthogroups with similar and contrasting expression patterns in transcript abundance between soybean and Arabidopsis during embryo proper and endosperm development. Key regulators in each seed tissue and hub genes connecting those networks were characterized by constructing gene regulatory networks. Our findings provide an important resource for describing the structure and function of individual soybean seed compartments during early seed development.

Download Full-text

The GRAS gene family and its roles in seed development in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn)

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03193-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingwen Chen ◽

Qian Yan ◽

Jiawei Li ◽

Lei Feng ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Seed Development ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Temporal Expression ◽

Litchi Chinensis ◽

Conserved Domain ◽

Insight Into ◽

Gras Gene

Abstract Background The GRAS gene family plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes of plant growth, including seed development, which is related to seedless traits of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). However, it hasn’t been fully identified and analyzed in litchi, an economic fruit tree cultivated in subtropical regions. Results In this study, 48 LcGRAS proteins were identified and termed according to their chromosomal location. LcGRAS proteins can be categorized into 14 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and conserved domain analysis revealed that different subfamilies harbored various motif patterns, suggesting their functional diversity. Synteny analysis revealed that the expansion of the GRAS family in litchi may be driven by their tandem and segmental duplication. After comprehensively analysing degradome data, we found that four LcGRAS genes belong to HAM subfamily were regulated via miR171-mediated degradation. The various expression patterns of LcGRAS genes in different tissues uncovered they were involved in different biological processes. Moreover, the different temporal expression profiles of LcGRAS genes between abortive and bold seed indicated some of them were involved in maintaining the normal development of the seed. Conclusion Our study provides comprehensive analyses on GRAS family members in litchi, insight into a better understanding of the roles of GRAS in litchi development, and lays the foundation for further investigations on litchi seed development.

Download Full-text