scholarly journals Structures of mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols. I. The β1 polymorph

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B. van Mechelen ◽  
Rene Peschar ◽  
Henk Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Fat Bloom ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Synchrotron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Saturated Chain ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Acyl Chains

The crystal structures of the β1 polymorphs of mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols have been solved from high-resolution laboratory and synchrotron powder diffraction data for five pure compounds, the 1,3-dimyristoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (β1-MOM), 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (β1-POP), 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (β1-SOS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoylglycerol (β1-POS), 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-3-arachidoylglycerol (β1-SOA) and three mixtures: the co-crystallized 1:1 molar mixture of SOS and POP [β1-SOS/POP (1:1)] and two cocoa butters from Bahia and Ivory Coast, both in their β-VI (= β1) polymorph. All eight β1 structures crystallized in the space group (P21/n) and have two short cell axes (5.44–5.46 and 8.18–8.22 Å), as well as a very long b axis (112–135 Å). The dominant-zone problem in the indexing of the powder patterns was solved with the special brute-force indexing routine LSQDETC from the POWSIM program. Structures were solved using the direct-space parallel-tempering method FOX and refined with GSAS. Along the b axis, alternations of inversion-centre-related `three-packs' can be discerned. Each `three-pack' has a central oleic zone, with oleic acyl chains of the molecules being packed together, that is sandwiched between two saturated-chain zones. The conformation of the triacylglycerol molecules is relatively `flat' because the least-square planes through the saturated chains and those through the saturated parts of the olein chain are parallel. The solution of the β1 structures is a step forward towards understanding the mechanism of fat-bloom formation in dark chocolate and has led to a reexamination of the β2 structural model [see van Mechelen et al. (2006). Acta Cryst. B62, 1131–1138].

scholarly journals Structures of mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols. II. The β2 polymorph

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B. van Mechelen ◽  
Rene Peschar ◽  
Henk Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Parallel Tempering ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Symmetry Relation ◽  
Fat Bloom ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Synchrotron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Saturated Chain

An improved crystal structure model has been established for the β2 polymorph of the symmetric mono-unsaturated triacylglycerol 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (SOS) and the equivalent β-V polymorph of Ivory Coast cocoa butter. In addition, the crystal structures of the β2 polymorphs are reported for the triacylglycerols 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoylglycerol (POS), which are, together with SOS, the major components of cocoa butter, and that of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-3-arachidoylglycerol (SOA). The existence of β2-POS and β2-SOA has not been previously reported in the literature. All structures have been solved from high-resolution laboratory or synchrotron powder diffraction data with the direct-space parallel-tempering program FOX and refined with the Rietveld module of GSAS. All compounds crystallize in similar monoclinic unit cells (Cc) with very long b axes (> 127 Å). The oleic chains are packed together and sandwiched between saturated chain layers, forming acyl-chain three-packs. An analysis of the β2 polymorphs and β1 polymorphs [van Mechelen et al. (2006). Acta Cryst. B62, 1121–1130] shows that they contain the same three-packs and differ only in the symmetry relation between the three-packs. The three-pack build-up provides an explanation of the mechanism of the phase transition that causes the formation of fat bloom on dark chocolate.

scholarly journals Blue Ocean Leadership and Emotional Intelligence in Government Link Companies (GLCs): Preparing for Industry 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Wan Noordiana Wan Hanafi ◽  
Salina Daud ◽  
Nur Lyana Baharin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
The Government

This research is carried out to examine the influences of blue ocean leadership styles on emotional intelligence. A stratified random sampling technique is used to identify the sample for this study. Questionnaire is distributed to 120 middle to top level leaders from the selected government link companies (GLCs) which is listed in the Government Link Transformation Programme (GLTP). A partial least square structural model (PLS-SEM) approach is used to analyses the data for this study. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between blue ocean leadership style and emotional intelligence. This study would give practical implications where it could inform leaders that they need to have high emotional intelligence in order to lead the organization. This study also contributes to new knowledge by pointing to the leadership role of accurate attributions, where each attribution can lead to enhancing leader effectiveness.

Impact of hedonic motivation and corporate culture on the adoption of an information system

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Beqqali Hassani ◽  
Razane Chroqui ◽  
Chafik Okar ◽  
Mohamed Talea ◽  
Ahmed Ouiddad
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of corporate culture (CC) and hedonic motivation (HM) on the adoption of an information system (IS) inside a Moroccan company. To do so, the authors have combined and merged the “unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2” along with the “Nguyen and Aoyama’s model” that covers the subject of CC. Later, the authors tested the research model within a Moroccan company. Design/methodology/approach In the present work, the authors used a quantitative analysis approach. Survey data were collected through oral interviews and analysis was performed based on the “partial least square” method, over a 94 sample of direct IS users. Findings The findings of the present investigation demonstrate the reliability and the validity of the established measurement model. Concerning the structural model, results support all hypotheses but with different effect size. The conclusion that can be extracted from this study is that CC and HM are important factors in the adoption process within the Moroccan firm. Originality/value This study enhances the understanding of the major factors affecting the adoption of an IS in a developing country. While several studies on adoption have been conducted, this study’s originality and contribution lays in the examination of the rarely evaluated factors: HM and CC.

scholarly journals Perceived Confidence and Quality: Perception of Employers Towards Fresh Graduates: a Study in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Irza Hanie Abu Samah ◽  
Aidanazima Abashah ◽  
Saraih Ummi Naiemah
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
Human Resource Officers

Graduates quality has become a major issue recently especially in today’s scenario. Graduates quality can be varying when it perceived by employers. Different sector of industry has different standard of quality. The interpretation of employers towards graduates counts the job placement of graduates. It is hard to standardized quality across industries. Several attributes show that competence relatedness and autonomy do influence the quality of graduates. A quantitative method was used in this study for data gathering. All items were using 10-point likert scale. The content validity of this questionnaire were reviewed by five human resource professionals, and Cronbach alpha for each item is more than 0.75 which is acceptable. Questionnaires were given to the human resource officers in the company through email. Convenient sampling was applied in this study for data collection. 50 questionnaires were distributed across manufacturing industry and services industry in Malaysia. Using Partial least square to analyze the data, this study found out that competence in communication is the same criteria which majority across industries are seeking upon graduates. Therefore, Industries that involved are manufacturing (34.38%) and services (65.63%).  Measurement model and structural model were assessed to see the relationship. It shows that perception on competence has most influenced towards quality (AVE=0.849, R2=0.734=Q2=0.443).  This study concludes that employers around the world are looking at similar attribute on graduate’s competence. This study also warrants a future research, whereby researcher could get more sample size and by doing sample which involves employers, graduates and educators.

scholarly journals Testing a Model of User Resistance Towards Technology Adoption in Construction Organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950002
Author(s):  
Siti Salwa Mohd Ishak ◽  
Sidney Newton
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Network ◽  
User Resistance ◽  
Resistance Literature ◽  
Information Management Systems

Drawing upon diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory, technology acceptance models (TAMs), social network perspective and resistance literature, the study developed and tested a model, named integrated resistance factor model (IRFM), which integrates four key elements i.e. resistance indicators, support network factors, experience and disposition factors and the integration and accessibility factors. The study investigated if the model applies in a selected technology, namely online project information management systems (OPIMS). The IRFM was tested with partial least square (PLS) techniques and results from the [Formula: see text] analysis of the whole PLS structural model were significant and the data were coherence with the proposed model [Formula: see text]. These results indicated that user resistance to technology innovation can be predicted using the IRFM.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL EQUATION TEST OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidera Christian Ugwuanyi ◽  
Pamela Ifeoma Nwagbo ◽  
Ikechukwu Joseph Attamah
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
University Undergraduates

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates. The paper investigates how the outcome of an effective entrepreneurial education system- attitude, skills and knowledge could affect the intentions of the students to choosing entrepreneurship as a career choice. The study was conducted in Enugu state, Nigeria among university undergraduates. A total of 250 students were engaged but only 196 valid responses were gathered. The structural model and the hypotheses were tested using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach in SmartPLS M2.0 software. Our findings reveal that the proposed determinants all bear positive relationships with entrepreneurial intention in varying degrees. Also we found entrepreneurial knowledge to have a direct impact on entrepreneurial attitude. Managerial and practical implications were made as well as future research avenues suggested.

scholarly journals CUSTOMER PERCEPTION ON SERVICE QUALITY TOWARDS TOURISM CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN MALAYSIAN MARINE TOURISM SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-799
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arije ULFY ◽  
◽  
Md Suliman HOSSIN ◽  
Md Wasiul KARIM ◽  
Fatin Husna Binti SUIB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector

Marine based tourism has emerged as a subject of concern in the area of ocean and coastal management. Today, demand for marine tourism has increased dramatically and is highlighted as one of the new horizons and fastest-growing sectors in the world’s tourism industry. Malaysia is indeed one of the countries with the most beautiful and diversified marine life. The fundamental purpose of this study is to examine the satisfaction of tourists towards the service quality of marine tourism in Malaysia. The development of the research framework is based on the SERVQUAL model. A total of 300 responses were received from the Klang Valley area of Malaysia. For the purpose of processing and analyzing the data, Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) method was employed. By applying a two-step approach, the study assesses the measurement model and the structural model. Findings from the survey reveal that assurance, tangibility, empathy, reliability, and responsiveness have a significant positive relationship with customer satisfaction thus these factors describe the customer satisfaction adequately. This study would enable policymakers and tourism companies to develop policies to improve customer satisfaction by increasing the quality of service.

Investigating the Relationship among Fit Organization, Organization Commitment and Employee’s Intention to Stay: Malaysian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
Yuserrie Zainuddin ◽  
Shrikant Krupasindhu Panigrahi ◽  
Faridah binti Taju Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
The Relationship

Retaining employees in the organization has become very crucial especially in tough times. Losing skilled and experienced employees affect the overall productivity, profitability and product quality. While numerous studies have been carried out on this subject and the majority centre on turnover due to organizational approach, only a few studies have been done on intention to stay. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to examine the relationship among fit organization, organizational commitment and employee’s intention to stay in information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Malaysia. Quantitative method with self-administered questionnaire approach is followed targeting information technology (IT) managers of ICT with stratified random sampling of 105 IT professionals of ICT companies in Malaysia, based on the analysis using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) (PLS 3.0) to establish both measurement and structural model. From the empirical findings, it was revealed that there is a strong relationship between organizational commitment and intention to stay. The result also found that religiousness in the employees makes them to stay in the organization. This shows that while remunerations are crucial for the intention of employees, employee’s commitment is much higher than the intention initiatives.

scholarly journals Detection of Additives and Chemical Contaminants in Turmeric Powder Using FT-IR Spectroscopy

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Dhakal ◽  
Walter F. Schmidt ◽  
Moon Kim ◽  
Xiuying Tang ◽  
Yankun Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mixed Samples ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Yellow turmeric (Curcuma longa) is widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes, and as a dietary supplement. Due to the commercial popularity of C. longa, economic adulteration and contamination with botanical additives and chemical substances has increased. This study used FT-IR spectroscopy for identifying and estimating white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria), and Sudan Red G dye mixed with yellow turmeric powder. Fifty replicates of yellow turmeric—Sudan Red mixed samples (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% Sudan Red, w/w) and fifty replicates of yellow turmeric—white turmeric mixed samples (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% white turmeric, w/w) were prepared. The IR spectra of the pure compounds and mixtures were analyzed. The 748 cm−1 Sudan Red peak and the 1078 cm−1 white turmeric peak were used as spectral fingerprints. A partial least square regression (PLSR) model was developed for each mixture type to estimate adulteration concentrations. The coefficient of determination (R2v) for the Sudan Red mixture model was 0.97 with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equal to 1.3%. R2v and RMSEP for the white turmeric model were 0.95 and 3.0%, respectively. Our results indicate that the method developed in this study can be used to identify and quantify yellow turmeric powder adulteration.

Work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a cross-sectional web-survey with path modelling analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noomen Guelmami ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Nasr Chalghaf ◽  
Maher ben Khalifa ◽  
Jude Dzevela Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Workers are being highly impacted by the current COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic and work engagement among professionals who are working to offer living needs to people during the quarantine. METHODS A total of 364 private and state sector employees were recruited for this study. The subjects are divided into 159 women and 205 men with mean age 34.33 years old ± 11.40; and live and in Tunisia. Occupational category includes administrative employees (n = 101), employees in factories and companies (n = 137) and small businesses (n = 126). Participants were administered Work engagement scale (UWES), Work Domain Satisfaction Scale (WDSS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Promis Global Health Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4), and COVID-19 Fear scale. Partial Least Square modeling method was performed. RESULTS Results of the measurement model and the structural model confirmed the direct relationships between perceived stress, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction with Work engagement. Indirect links have also been highlighted between fear of CoviD-19 and overall health with engagement to work. CONCLUSIONS The established model can be used by researchers and management practitioners to act on constructs to increase engagement to work.

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