Consumer ethics: an application and empirical testing of the Hunt‐Vitell theory of ethics

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Vitell ◽  
Anusorn Singhapakdi ◽  
James Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Perceived Consequences

Analyzes how consumers make decisions involving ethical issues. In particular, investigates the extent to which consumers rely on ethical norms (deontology) versus the perceived consequences of behaviors (teleology) in forming their ethical judgments and in determining behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. The results based upon three studies, including a national sample of adult consumers, reveal that consumers tend to rely primarily on ethical norms and less on perceived consequences in forming ethical judgments. Results also indicate that consumers, to a large degree, rely primarily on ethical norms in determining their behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. Finally, a number of personal characteristics were tested as moderating variables, but results were generally inconclusive, despite some evidence that education and religiosity may be moderators.

Bicycle Helmet Use Patterns Among Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory B. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Use Patterns

Objective. To describe and evaluate the helmet use patterns of children younger than 15 years of age in the United States. Methods. A national telephone survey of bicycle riders was conducted by means of the Mitofsky-Waksberg method of random-digit dialing, a survey method intended to give all telephone numbers in the continental United States an equal probability of selection. Based on information collected in the survey, a logistic regression model was used to determine and quantify the factors associated with helmet use. Results. Information was collected on the bicycle and helmet use patterns of a national sample of 399 children younger than 15 years of age who rode bicycles during the year preceding the survey. This sample projects to the approximately 26.4 million children who are estimated to have ridden bicycles in 1991. About 26% of all child riders owned or had the use of bicycle helmets, and about 15% were reported to have used their helmets all or more than half of the time when riding. Information is provided on the reasons the children did or did not wear helmets. The logistic regression analysis shows that helmet use by children is systematically related to their personal characteristics (eg, age and whether they had previously had bicycle-related accidents requiring medical attention), riding patterns (eg, riding surface), and household demographic characteristics (eg, geographic location and whether household members had attended college). Conclusions. Helmet use rates among children remain low. Less than one fifth of the children who rode bicycles wore helmets all or more than half of the time in 1991. However, based on comparisons with earlier studies, the results of the analysis suggest that helmet use rates have been rising.

Individual Difference Variables, Ethical Judgments, and Ethical Behavioral Intentions

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bass ◽  
Tim Barnett ◽  
Gene Brown
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Just World ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethical Behavioral Intentions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:This study examined the relationship between the individual difference variables of personal moral philosophy, locus of control, Machiavellianism, and just world beliefs and ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. A sample of 602 marketing practitioners participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships. The results either fully or partially supported hypothesized direct effects for idealism, relativism, and Machiavellianism. Findings also suggested that Machiavellianism mediated the relationship between individual difference variables and ethical judgments/behavioral intentions.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue on Intercultural Digital Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Digital Ethics ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Digital Information Technology

Abstract Recent advances in the capability of digital information technologies—particularly due to advances in artificial intelligence (AI)—have invigorated the debate on the ethical issues surrounding their use. However, this debate has often been dominated by ‘Western’ ethical perspectives, values and interests, to the exclusion of broader ethical and socio-cultural perspectives. This imbalance carries the risk that digital technologies produce ethical harms and lack social acceptance, when the ethical norms and values designed into these technologies collide with those of the communities in which they are delivered and deployed. This special issue takes a step towards broadening the approach of digital ethics, by bringing together a range of cultural, social and structural perspectives on the ethical issues relating to digital information technology. Importantly, it refreshes and reignites the field of Intercultural Digital Ethics for the age of AI and ubiquitous computing.

scholarly journals ANTESEDEN BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS PADA PENGGUNA JASA TRANSPORTASI BUS TARIF PREMIUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Yasintha Soelasih ◽  
Reinandus Aditya Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Selection Of

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to examine service quality, location, and personal characteristic toward behavioral intentions of premium bus fare transportation. Therefore, this research emphasizes consumer behavior in the use of public transportation, especially premium ones. This study uses 217 data, which </em><em>are</em><em>done by validity and reliability tests, and the </em><em>hyphotheses are analyzed by using</em><em>structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that service quality and location have an influence on behavioral intentions, while personal characteristics do not have an influence on behavioral intentions. The implication of this research is to pay attention to premium bus transportation providers in the selection of locations.</em></p>

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence: legal and ethical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Al'bina Slavovna Lolaeva ◽  
Kristina Ushangievna Sakaeva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Legal Difficulties ◽  
And Control

Ethical norms and the law are indispensably linked in the modern society. The adoption of major legal decisions is affected by various ethical rules. Artificial intelligence transforms the indicated problems into a new dimension. The systems that use artificial intelligence are becoming more autonomous by complexity of the tasks they accomplish, and their potential implications on the external environment. This diminishes the human ability to comprehend, predict, and control their activity. People usually underestimate the actual level of the autonomy of such systems. It is underlined that the machines based on artificial intelligence can learn from the own experience, and perform actions that are not meant by the developers. This leads to certain ethical and legal difficulties that are discussed in this article. In view of the specificity of artificial intelligence, the author makes suggestions on the direct responsibility of particular systems. Based on this logic, there are no fundamental reasons that prevent the autonomous should be held legally accountable for their actions. However, the question on the need or advisability to impose such type of responsibility (at the present stage specifically) remains open. This is partially due to the ethical issues listed above. It might be more effective to hold programmers or users of the autonomous systems accountable for the actions of these systems. However, it may decelerate innovations. This is namely why there is a need to find a perfect balance.

Judgments of Marketing Professionals about Ethical Issues in Marketing Research: A Replication and Extension

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishmael P. Akaah ◽  
Edward A. Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Organizational Role ◽  
Management Actions

The authors examine, in the context of Crawford's 1970 study, changes in marketing professionals’ research ethics judgments and the influence of organizational factors on those judgments. The results indicate several significant changes in ethical judgments. In addition, they suggest that three organizational factors—extent of ethical problems within the organization, top management actions on ethics, and organizational role (researchers vs. executives)—underlie differences in ethical judgments.

Ethical adaptation and legal regulation of modern technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832110530
Author(s):  
Jie Song
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ethical Norms

The efficiency and convenience afforded by modern technology have increased its importance to society in recent years. However, the risks and ethical issues associated with it can lead to many social problems. There is consensus in the academic community that standardizing the research and development of modern technology can help solve those problems. Although different in scope, ethical adaptation and legal regulation are both effective ways to regulate modern technology. Ethical adaptation is mainly used to optimize the environment of research and development on modern technology. The coordination of Dao (the ‘way’ in classical Chinese philosophy) and technology is a means of constructing a rational technical ethic. The social construction of technology provides the possibility for Dao–technology coordination, and responsible innovation is a responsibility that should be shouldered by technical workers. The ethical adaptation of modern technology has a significant influence but limited restraints. When ethical adaptation cannot function, it is necessary to consider technical behaviour within the scope of legal regulations and restrain modern technology by formulating and implementing a legal system for it. The relevant laws are grounded in the coercive force of the state and are far more effective than ethical norms. Moreover, a lack of ethics for technological actors has caused some negative consequences in the application of technology. When formulating laws regarding technology, it is important to include science and technology policies and ethical norms to complete the legal system for technology. The derivative effect of modern technology requires the joint action of ethics and law. Only when they coordinate with and promote each other can the benign development of modern technology and the orderly development of modern society be realized.

Rule Following, Standards of Practice, and Open-mindedness

Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
James Scott Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Ontario College Of Teachers

In this paper, I discuss the Ontario College of Teachers’ most recent versions of the Standards of Practice with William Hare’s counsel on being open-minded regarding open-mindedness in mind. Specifically, I insist that the use of the Standards of Practice as guidelines for working through cases of professional and ethical issues requires yet another rule to indicate when to deviate from this or that standard. In this way, open-mindedness consists of developing and following rules to indicate when and where specific standards should be bypassed. These rules vary, however, one source of these can be found in what Barbara Herman has called, “Rules of Moral Salience”—rules that guide us in our day-to-day moral decision-making and that we draw on when called upon to make moral-ethical judgments. What this means for various ethics (ethics of care; Kantian-type ethics, psychological and/or developmental accounts of ethics) is also broached.

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