scholarly journals Spinoffs versus non-spinoff entrepreneurs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Jin Park ◽  
Young Won Park
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Positive Performance ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Industry Experience

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the role of spinoff entrepreneurs in the post-bubble Japan and ultimately to facilitate policy reforms that benefit entrepreneurs most in need of support. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a survey of Japanese entrepreneurs from 2003 to 2013. Exploiting the survey questions, the authors separate spinoff startups from the non-spinoff startups. Using this data set, this study first performs a logistic regression, followed by a chi-squared independence test between spinoff startups and firm performance. Findings This study finds that while both human and social capital predict the probability of a firm’s positive performance, industry experience was the strongest predictor for the probability of performance. Originality/value As Garvin (1983) stated, most research on spinoffs are limited to both industry type and location. The theoretical contribution of this study is to broaden the applicability of current entrepreneurship theories by considering industries beyond technological startups. The practical value of this study is to begin evaluating policies and their interaction effect with cultural context.

The effects of board experience and independence on mitigating agency conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-467
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Agyemang Badu ◽  
Kingsley Opoku Appiah
Keyword(s):  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agency Conflict ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of board experience and independence on mitigating agency conflict between shareholders and managers. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a panel data of 137 firms listed on stock exchanges in Ghana and Nigeria over a period of seven years. System generalized method of moments and other estimation techniques were adopted for the study. Using agency and resource dependence theories, board experience and independence ignored in previous studies are selected for the study. Findings The findings of this paper indicate a negative and statistically significant relationship between board experience, board independence, and agency conflict. A further examination using an agency score computed from the principal factor analysis of the four main agency proxies indicates a significant and negative relationship between board independence and agency conflict, but a negative and statistically non-significant relation between board experience and agency conflict. Practical implications The authors’ evidence has important implications for countries that are currently or contemplating pursuing board reforms to recommend the appointment of more independent and experience directors to corporate board. Originality/value This paper introduces a new proxy for assessing human and social capital of directors to test the integration hypothesis of a unique data set from Ghana and Nigeria toward mitigating agency conflict.

scholarly journals Founding team experience, industry context, and new venture creation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-21
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Dev K. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
New Venture ◽  
New Venture Creation ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
Team Experience ◽  
Founding Team ◽  
Industry Experience

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of founding team experience (industry and venturing) in new venture creation. This paper posits the following questions: How does founding team experience influence the likelihood of new venture creation, in the nascent stage? How does industry context moderate this relationship? The study aims to fill an important gap in the literature by unpacking the impact of different types of founding team experiences on venture outcome, and by focusing on the influence of founding team in the venture creation process, specifically at the nascent stage. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes data from the Second Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, a longitudinal data set of 1,214 nascent entrepreneurs in the USA. Logistics regression was employed to analyze the effect of founding team experience on new venture creation. Post hoc analysis was conducted to ensure the confidence of the findings. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about how founding team experience influences the likelihood of new venture creation in the nascent stage. At the nascent stage, founding team industry experience positively affects new venture creation while founding team venturing experience does not. However, in the high-technology industry environment, the influence of the founding team’s venturing experience on new venture creation is stronger than that in the low-technology industry environment. Research limitations/implications Due to the design of the data set, there is a risk of “right-censoring” problem. Also, because the study used archival data on founding teams, the methodology did not allow for uncovering the underlying team processes and dynamics during the venture creation process based on learning from experience. Future studies are encouraged to examine other types of founding team experience and the underlying process-level factors on venture creation. Practical implications The paper provides important practical implications for nascent entrepreneurs/entrepreneurial teams on team assembling and composition. In general, a team with higher-level industry experience is critical for venturing success. A team with higher-level venturing experience is more desired in the high-technology industry. Originality/value This paper fulfills an important gap in the entrepreneurial team literature by highlighting the complex and nuanced ways in which founding team experience influences the likelihood of venture creation in the nascent stage of the firm, especially after incorporating the additional impact of the industry context.

Founding conditions influence level of benefit offerings at US startups

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
First Year ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Talented People ◽  
Healthcare Insurance ◽  
Compensation Packages ◽  
Industry Experience

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to find out if four founding conditions of US startups – total assets, the founder’s level of education, and industry experience, and the founder’s startup experience – influenced the generosity of employee offerings, such as healthcare insurance and paid holidays. Design/methodology/approach To test their four hypotheses, they studied a sample of 4,148 firms from a longitudinal panel database. All the data came from the KFS data set provided by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC). The authors studied the KFS data for indicators of seven HR benefits. Findings The data revealed positive associations for each of the first five years between total assets and HR benefits, between education and HR benefits, as well as between industry experience and HR benefits. In the first year, a positive association was found between startup experience and HR benefits. Originality/value The two authors argued that the results should be studied by startup founders. In a highly competitive market, it would help them to understand the importance of human resources as a source of advantage and understand their own attitudes to benefits. Implementing attractive compensation packages and benefit packages makes it easier to recruit talented people and retain the best employees.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurs’ individual-level resources and social value creation goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brieger ◽  
Dirk De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Value Creation ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of how the interplay of individual-level resources and culture affects entrepreneurs’ propensity to adopt social value creation goals.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 12,685 entrepreneurs in 35 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, it investigates the main effects of individual-level resources – measured as financial, human and social capital – on social value creation goals, as well as the moderating effects of the cultural context in which the respective entrepreneur is embedded, on the relationship between individual-level resources and social value creation goals.FindingsDrawing on the resource-based perspective and Hofstede’s cultural values framework, the results offer empirical evidence that individual-level resources are relevant for predicting the extent to which entrepreneurs emphasise social goals for their business. Furthermore, culture influences the way entrepreneurs allocate their resources towards social value creation.Originality/valueThe study sheds new light on how entrepreneurs’ individual resources influence their willingness to create social value. Moreover, by focussing on the role of culture in the relationship between individual-level resources and social value creation goals, it contributes to social entrepreneurship literature, which has devoted little attention to the interplay of individual characteristics and culture.

IAS-38 disclosure compliance and corporate governance: evidence from an emerging market

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kwame Agyei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the possible corporate governance attributes that can influence companies in Ghana to disclose intangible assets in their annual reports to stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach A data set from 110 firms in Ghana for the year ending of 2016 was used. Each annual report was individually examined and coded to obtain the disclosure of intangible asset information index. Descriptive analysis was performed to provide the background statistics of the variables examined. This was followed by regression analysis, which forms the main data analysis method. Findings A large proportion of companies disclosed that the useful lives of intangible assets (either acquired or internally generated) are finite and also disclosed their useful lives or the amortisation rates used. Auditor type, industry type and leverage were the factors influencing the compliance with IAS 38 disclosure requirements. Originality/value This is the first study in Ghana that considered the impact of corporate governance factors on IAS 38 information disclosures. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between corporate governance and disclosure by showing that the disclosure of intangible asset information in Ghana is associated with Auditor type, industry type and leverage.

An exploratory study of Thai consumers’ perceptions of “conspicuousness”: a case of luxury handbags

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Oe ◽  
Pornchnit Sunpakit ◽  
Yasuyuki Yamaoka ◽  
Yan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
Asian Consumers

Purpose This paper aims to examine consumer perceptions of conspicuousness of purchasing of luxury goods in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a quantitative approach, based on a survey data collected on the internet. The data set was analyzed with structural equation modeling focusing on three latent factors: “Social”, “Personal” and “Conspicuous” value perceptions. Findings The result indicates that “Conspicuous” value does not have a significant impact on their purchasing intentions, which is a contradiction to the previous understanding that Asian consumers are inclined to behave conspicuously from the collectivist cultural context. This finding casts an implication for marketers in the relevant industry and the field of study for inconspicuous consumer behavior. Research limitations/implications This research outcome should be expanded to develop more robust implications for the relevant marketers and researchers. In doing so, another investigation based on a bigger data set with more samples would be required. Originality/value This study indicates that Thai consumers do not behave from the conspicuous perceptions, which has been believed in the Asian context of consumer behavior. This finding suggests a new paradigm for discussion is required to understand Asian consumer attitudes in more depth especially their perceptions of conspicuous and inconspicuous views.

scholarly journals Here, there and everywhere: a study of consumer centrism

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Prince ◽  
Mark A.P. Davies ◽  
Mark Cleveland ◽  
Dayananda Palihawadana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
Negative Links ◽  
Theory Framework ◽  
Combined Data

Purpose A first objective is to add insight into how constructs of ethnocentrism, xenocentrism and cosmopolitanism relate to each other. Knowledge of how these constructs overlap or work together in affecting consumer preferences will offer global marketers insights for designing appropriate marketing strategies. The second objective is to extend this knowledge by examining the correspondence of these three constructs to a nomological network of dispositional concepts pertinent for product positioning and market segmentation. The third objective is to empirically examine the extent to which the measures, construct structure and associative relationships are robust in different national research settings. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Surveying British and American consumers, this study examines and analyzes the correspondence of these identity-relevant constructs within a nomological net of pertinent concepts: consciousness-of-kind, global consumption orientation, materialism and natural environment concern. Findings The hypothesized negative links between CET-XEN and CET-COS, and the predicted positive connection between XEN-COS were all confirmed on the latent factor results for the combined data set. The negative correlation between CET-XEN was of a considerably lower magnitude than that for CET-COS. Originality/value To date, no research has used an identity theory framework and simultaneously examined in a cross-cultural context the interrelationships of consumer ethnocentrism consumer xenocentrism and cosmopolitanism – and their differentiating linkages to a multiplicity of consumer dispositions.

Introducing a new data set on municipal-level occupational regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Carpenter ◽  
Kyle Sweetland ◽  
Emily Vargo ◽  
Ethan Bayne
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Regulatory Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Municipal Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss new findings on municipal-level occupational licensing and other forms of regulation and introduce a new data set available for researchers to study this largely unexplored area. Design/methodology/approach Municipal occupational regulatory data were gathered in 2017 and 2018 from the 50 largest cities in the USA. Data available in the data set include city and state IDs, occupational IDs, requirements associated with the regulations (e.g. education, experience and fees), penalties for practicing without meeting the requirements, regulatory type and NAICS category. Descriptive statistics are used to present information about the number and types of occupations regulated and the number and types of regulations present in the cities. Findings The median number of occupations regulated by a city is 24.5, but the numbers per city vary substantially. The 1,832 occupations in the data set are distributed across every NAICS category. The most prevalent form of regulation is registration; certification is least used. Cities are quite diverse in the types of regulations applied to occupations, and the type of regulation varies substantially by industry type. Originality/value Research on licensing is dominated by state-level analyses. Largely absent are systematic analyses of licensing and other regulation at the municipal level, likely due to a lack of data. This means the current licensing literature underestimates – perhaps severely so – the prevalence, burdens and effects of licensing. The data introduced and discussed in this paper can help remedy this dearth of municipal licensing analyses.

Financial distress determinants among SMEs: empirical evidence from Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darush Yazdanfar ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically investigate determinants of financial distress among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the global financial crisis and post-crisis periods.Design/methodology/approachSeveral statistical methods, including multiple binary logistic regression, were used to analyse a longitudinal cross-sectional panel data set of 3,865 Swedish SMEs operating in five industries over the 2008–2015 period.FindingsThe results suggest that financial distress is influenced by macroeconomic conditions (i.e. the global financial crisis) and, in particular, by various firm-specific characteristics (i.e. performance, financial leverage and financial distress in previous year). However, firm size and industry affiliation have no significant relationship with financial distress.Research limitationsDue to data availability, this study is limited to a sample of Swedish SMEs in five industries covering eight years. Further research could examine the generalizability of these findings by investigating other firms operating in other industries and other countries.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine determinants of financial distress among SMEs operating in Sweden using data from a large-scale longitudinal cross-sectional database.

Light touch, heavy hand: principals and data-use PLCs

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Huguet ◽  
Caitlin C. Farrell ◽  
Julie A. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
School Level ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Principal's Role

Purpose The use of data for instructional improvement is prevalent in today’s educational landscape, yet policies calling for data use may result in significant variation at the school level. The purpose of this paper is to focus on tools and routines as mechanisms of principal influence on data-use professional learning communities (PLCs). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a comparative case study of two low-income, low-performing schools in one district. The data set included interview and focus group transcripts, observation field notes and documents, and was iteratively coded. Findings The two principals in the study employed tools and routines differently to influence ways that teachers interacted with data in their PLCs. Teachers who were given leeway to co-construct data-use tools found them to be more beneficial to their work. Findings also suggest that teachers’ data use may benefit from more flexibility in their day-to-day PLC routines. Research limitations/implications Closer examination of how tools are designed and time is spent in data-use PLCs may help the authors further understand the influence of the principal’s role. Originality/value Previous research has demonstrated that data use can improve teacher instruction, yet the varied implementation of data-use PLCs in this district illustrates that not all students have an equal opportunity to learn from teachers who meaningfully engage with data.

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