The enigma of the Chinese diamond industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Berger
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Relational Governance ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the evolution of Chinese business ethics over time and how it impacts business. While much research attention has been directed toward China and its various industries, the Chinese diamond industry has been largely neglected. This industry is the second in size and fastest growing globally. It is interesting to examine its evolution over time and how external factors affect the firms’ business ethics behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory field work involving the interview of major players was undertaken, complemented by extensive desk work, was used to create a base for future in-depth research of the secretive Chinese diamond industry. Findings – A paradox was identified in the Chinese diamond industry, namely, that while Chinese businesses tend to follow a relational governance model, China’s diamond industry tends to use rational mechanisms of governance and exchange, a paradox that is explained by mitigating factors. Research limitations/implications – Future studies should use a quantitative questionnaire with a larger set of Chinese diamond firms to further examine the paradox found. Future studies could also examine whether the transformation from a system based on social networks to a system based on market forces as found in the Chinese diamond industry is an indicator of an ethical and business evolution of the whole Chinese industry. This may illustrate the rationalization of the Chinese economy and its progression toward Western models of exchange as it further opens up to the West. Originality/value – This paper is a pioneering work on the business ethics and strategy implemented by firms in the Chinese diamond industry.

The transformation of Chinese business ethics in line with its emergence as a global economic leader

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Ron Berger
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Business Ethics In China ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose – This paper aims to present the evolution of Chinese business ethics and CSR policy. China currently has business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) concerns primarily because its economy is in evolution. As the Chinese economy is in transition from the late 1970s from a command–Communist economy to a more hybrid system Beijing model (a system based on a capitalist market controlled through bureaucracy), much has to be understood if one wants to participate in its vast economic potential. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the building of a model that depicts the evolution of business ethics in China as a base for further research. Findings – With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, opportunities are opening up to Chinese entrepreneurs and connected officials. This has led to money worship and, in some cases, thorough unethical behavior. The uncertain and ever-changing rules of the game generate opportunity for business ethics and CSR problems. This wealth creates temptation and incentives to cut corners to get rich fast. Much research has tried to explain business ethics in China through the understanding of Guanxi (Chinese social network of reciprocal business relations common in Confucian cultures), but in my view, the evolutionary aspect of it is missing to explain the present and future situation. Whereas considerable research has dealt with the growth of Chinese industries in recent years, the key relationship between changes in its economy and shifts in Chinese business ethics has been neglected. This paper presents the evolution of Chinese business ethics and CSR policy. Originality/value – The paper illustrates the evolution of Chinese business ethics and how one has to adapt if one wants to succeed in its ever evolving and maturing market. A model is presented that can assist in future research in the area.

The evolution of Chinese business ethics

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 778-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Berger ◽  
Ram Herstein
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Business Ethics In China

Purpose – This article aims to present a historical overview of the evolution of business ethics in China and highlights the ways in which its ethical structure lags behind its rapid economic expansion. Understanding Guanxi, the Chinese social network of reciprocal business relations common in Confucian cultures, has long been recognized as one of the major success factors when doing business in China (Hwang et al., 2009). Recognizing the significant impact of Guanxi and its influence on everyday dealings in China is, thus, crucial for Western firms. Whereas considerable research has dealt with the growth of Chinese industries in recent years, the key relationship between changes in its economy and shifts in Chinese business ethics has been neglected although it impacts the ways Westerners, in particular, both clinch deals and judge Chinese firms. The implications of this disparity for global business are discussed. Design/methodology/approach – The discussion draws on the academic literature and the researchers’ experience in how business and business ethics are conducted between Western and Chinese firms. This paper presents a content analysis of theoretical articles and compares them to conceptual and empirical approaches, with an emphasis on a pragmatic approach to fostering a better understanding of the evolution of Chinese business ethics and its implications on business practices. Findings – Maps the evolution of business ethics in China and need to adapt to an ever changing business environment. Originality/value – This study offers a new insight to the evolution of Chinese business ethics and highlights its importance in business interactions. It illustrates the co-evolution of business ethics in parallel with the advancement of the Chinese economy. This paper is the first paper that addresses the issue of the evolution and formation of Chinese business ethics and links it to economic progress and opening up to the West.

Paying a premium for an accounting crime

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita – Dharmayuni ◽  
Lita – Dharmayuni
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Legislation ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study aims to look at how the intention of a person when facing a dilemma to choose a good outcome (utilitarian) or a good and ethical process regardless of the outcome (deontological) by raising the case of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Jiwasraya). Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted using a literature study method where researchers will analyze through previous research and news related to ethics, psychology and Jiwasraya cases. Findings In the Jiwasraya case, it can be said that the deontology principle has been violated, but the utilitarian principle also cannot provide benefits to the parties who should benefit, namely, the premium payers and the owners of third parties funds. In terms of intentions, at first, Jiwasraya’s management may intend to save and provide benefits to customers and the public who deposit funds at Jiwasraya (utilitarian principle). However, over time, managers choose to “allow” conditions to occur and even begin to engage in activities to take advantage of certain parties and groups by taking policies that are not by the rules (violating deontological principles) for personal gain. Research limitations/implications This study only discusses the Jiwasraya case through financial and accounting reports. Future studies can continue this research by looking at the Jiwasraya case through the law and legislation to obtain a complete picture. Practical implications With this research, it is hoped that the authors can better understand that the dilemma the author faces is rooted in the limitations of the abilities as humans; the ethics will influence all intentions for the choices the authors make. Originality/value This research uses case studies that occurred in Indonesia, the discussion is carried out using a utilitarian and deontological approach that has never been discussed regarding the Jiwasraya case before.

The evolution of business ethics in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1073-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Berger ◽  
Ram Herstein
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – Religion and culture can influence ethical behavior in business. It is suggested that there has been and continues to be, a deep interrelationship between religion, business ethics, and economic activity in India. As India is becoming a major global economic business partner, understanding its unique ethical business infrastructure is gaining in importance. The purpose of this paper is to intend to further the understanding of Indian (“Vendantic”) business ethics, as opposed to Greco – Roman business ethics, as the foundation of business culture in India. This paper further elaborates on the evolution of business ethics and its implications on doing business in and with Indian companies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors undertook a conceptual approach in order to understand the evolutionary process of Indian business ethics in a holistic view in order to understand better its workings and effect on business interaction. Findings – The paper explains the constructs of business ethics in India and shows its evolution over time. Originality/value – This original theoretical paper examines the evolution of Indian business ethics over time in line with environmental changes in the Indian business landscape.

Opportunism, bounded rationality and governance choices in exploration alliances: the moderating role of boundary spanners' guanxi

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Hung Lin ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Boundary Spanners ◽  
Relational Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
High Level

PurposeBy distinguishing opportunism-based and bounded rationality-based transaction costs, the study examines how firms use equity/relational governance and boundary spanners' guanxi to govern their exploration alliances in a transaction cost economizing way.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a survey methodology for data collection, and the sample consists of 150 exploration alliances formed by large Taiwanese information and electronic firms.FindingsFindings of this study show that exploration alliances incur considerable transaction costs and require high-level equity control and relational governance. The positive exploration of alliance-equity ownership relationship will be weakened by boundary spanners' guanxi when guanxi serves to harmonize conflicts and mitigate opportunism-based transaction costs, thereby reducing the need for using costly equity ownership to govern exploration alliances. In contrast, the positive exploration alliance-relational governance relationship will be amplified when guanxi becomes a source of legitimacy in the Chinese guanxi institution. This relation-augmenting effect will drive more relational governance because guanxi and relational governance together allow alliance managers to obtain sufficient legitimacy in the formation of a common dominant frame, thereby mitigating bounded rationality-based transaction costs.Originality/valueBy distinguishing various moderating effects of boundary spanners' guanxi and separating transaction costs into two forms, this study contributes to the existing literature as well as advances our understanding of alliance governance decisions in the Chinese business environment.

Logistics and distribution innovation in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Amling ◽  
Patricia J. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how two mega-trends, e-commerce and urbanization, have the potential to reshape logistics practices around the world. Primary focus is on how Chinese business practices and logistics innovations are increasingly relevant to the USA and other western countries. Design/methodology/approach Experience-based thought piece focusing on specific Chinese logistics innovations centering on speed, adaptability and new business models. Findings The Chinese economy has played a key role in providing support and enabling logistics innovations in China. Key enablers include the ubiquitous connectivity and applications availability, the dynamic low-cost labor environment and government support for the Chinese logistics industry. Research limitations/implications This study suggests new areas for research. Practical implications This study provides insights into the potential value associated with adopting innovative Chinese logistics practices. Social implications This study provides suggested areas of attention to help focus on logistics operations on key societal trends. Originality/value Our paper provides insights into the potential value associated with adopting innovative Chinese logistics practices. We believe this represents a significant contribution as little coverage of the topics have been noted to date in leading logistics/supply chain journals.

scholarly journals Financial inclusion and small enterprise growth in Africa: emerging perspectives and research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kuada
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Enterprise Growth

PurposeThe purposes of the paper are to review the stream of studies that link financial inclusion to small enterprise growth in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) to identify the research gaps they provide and to prepare an agenda for future research in the field.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs systematic literature search method to identify relevant literature from journals. The study then adopts a narrative approach for the review, highlighting the findings from the prior studies and gaps requiring research attention.FindingsThe discussions reveal that there is a need for future studies that can unpack small enterprise growth determinants, identify growth-enabling entrepreneurial characteristics and examine the contextual variabilities that shape their effectiveness.Originality/valueThere is currently no comprehensive/integrated review exploring the link between financial inclusion and small enterprise growth in SSA. The review, therefore, provides insights that contribute to the development of this stream of research.

CAI threatens to undermine EU-US cooperation on China

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Regulatory Landscape ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Economic Agreement

Significance Under the CAI, which is the first economic agreement between the EU and China, Beijing made most of the concessions in order to get a deal agreed before US President Joe Biden’s inauguration. The EU secured greater liberalisation of market access and some commitments on unfair practices and human rights issues. Impacts The CAI will not undermine EU instruments (foreign subsidy control and investment screening) to scrutinise Chinese business in the EU. The CAI will likely highlight the EU’s struggles to use economic deals to shape the regulatory landscape outside the bloc. Over time China could well decide to water down some of its commitments in the CAI. UK firms will be at a disadvantage where the EU has negotiated greater market access, including in financial services and the auto sector.

Strategies for marketing diamonds in China from the perspective of international diamond SMEs compared to the west

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Berger ◽  
Ram Herstein
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Networked Society ◽  
Chinese Industries

Purpose – The Chinese diamond industry is dominated by SMEs. The purpose of this paper examines which of the three business strategies prevalent in the global diamond industry is utilized by Chinese diamond SMEs compared to those used in other western countries. In so doing, it maps the major actors in the Chinese diamond industry and identifies the challenges faced by SMEs when entering the highly competitive but very lucrative Chinese diamond industry. Design/methodology/approach – A two stage approach was undertaken. Step 1 involved exploratory field work with leading institutions. In the second stage a qualitative questionnaire was administered to members of 54 small to medium-sized international diamond SMEs operating in China. The difficulty of acquiring information on this secretive industry was further hindered by the equally secretive nature of Chinese culture. Findings – Guanxi was found not to be prevalent in the Chinese diamond industry. This is an interesting finding as China is a socially embedded and highly networked society. Chinese diamond SMEs conduct business by implementing a transactional-based approach to business strategy that centers on short-term cash-based transactions. Research limitations/implications – Future studies should use a quantitative questionnaire with a larger set of Chinese SME diamond firms. Studies could also examine whether the transformation from a system based on social networks to a system based on market forces as found in the Chinese diamond industry has been transposed to other Chinese industries dominated by SMEs. This may show the rationalization of the Chinese economy and its progression toward western models of exchange. Originality/value – This paper is a pioneering work on the structure and business strategy implemented by SMEs in the Chinese diamond industry.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 among Hospitalized Patients Colonized Intestinally with Fluoroquinolone-Resistant E. coli

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 7003-7006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Han ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Irving Nachamkin ◽  
Pam Tolomeo ◽  
Warren B. Bilker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiologic Factors ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThis study examined molecular and epidemiologic factors associated withEscherichia colisequence type 131 (ST131) among hospitalized patients colonized intestinally with fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistantE. colibetween 2002 and 2004. Among 86 patients, 21 (24%) were colonized with ST131. The proportion of ST131 isolates among colonizing isolates increased significantly over time, from 8% in 2002 to 50% in 2004 (P= 0.003). Furthermore, all 19 clonally related isolates were ST131. Future studies should identify potential transmissibility differences between ST131 and non-ST131 strains.

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