Patterns of sexual behaviors and related factors among prisoners in Iran: results from a national survey in 2015

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine patterns of sexual behaviors and related factors among prisoners in Iran, 2015. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was a part of a bio-behavioral surveillance survey conducted on 6,200 prisoners in 26 prisons in Iran. The subjects were selected through multi-stage sampling. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on participant’s demographics and history of sexual behaviors. Using STATA-12 software, the collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and crude and adjusted logistic regression. Findings A total of 5,508 prisoners with a response rate of 88.8 percent participated in this study. Of all prisoners, 55 percent (n=3,027) had a history of “unsafe sex in the lifetime” of whom 53.4 percent (n=1,549) never used condoms during unsafe sex in the lifetime. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, risk factors for “unsafe sex in lifetime” were the following: higher level of education (AOR=1.79, CI: 1.41–2.28), being single (AOR=1.32, CI: 1.18–1.47), unemployed before imprisonment (AOR=1.45, CI: 1.06–1.97), having history of previous imprisonment (AOR=1.31, CI: 1.17–1.47) and history of drug use in the lifetime (AOR=1.53, CI: 1.35–1.75). Originality/value Prisoners are high-risk groups that are prone to practice unsafe sex. Prisoners who are single, unemployed before imprisonment, a drug user, with a higher level of education and with a history of imprisonment are likely to be sexually active in their lifetime. Thus, they are a priority for receiving suitable interventions.

Download Full-text

The prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among subcontracted hospital cleaners in Thailand

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-01-2021-0040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Thanaphum Laithaisong ◽

Wichai Aekplakorn ◽

Paibul Suriyawongpaisal ◽

Chanunporn Tupthai ◽

Chathaya Wongrathanandha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Stress Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Content Type ◽

History Of

PurposeThis research aimed to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and related factors among subcontracted cleaners in a teaching hospital in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted of 393 subcontracted cleaners in a teaching hospital, from May to June 2020. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using a standard questionnaire, consisting of four parts: (1) participant characteristics, (2) stress test, (3) work characteristics and (4) standardized Nordic questionnaire, Thai version, for MSDs outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between MSDs and related factors.FindingsThe prevalence of MSDs was 81.9%, involving mostly the lower back (57.7%), followed by the shoulder (52.6%). Factors significantly associated with MSDs were as follows: male gender (OR = 3.06, 95% CI [1.19, 7.87]), severe stress (OR = 2.72, 95% CI [1.13, 6.54]), history of injuries (OR = 4.37, 95% CI [1.27, 15.11]), mopping posture (OR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.43, 5.50]) and task duration (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.01, 3.57] for 2–4 h and OR = 3.39, 95% CI [1.17, 9.86] for more than 4 h). Sick leave due to MSDs was associated with history of injuries, Thai nationality and having another part-time job.Originality/valueThe study findings about MSDs in terms of prevalence and related factors contributed to limited pool of the knowledge among subcontracted hospital cleaners in Thailand and middle-income country settings. With growing popularity in outsourcing cleaning services among hospitals in these countries, the study findings could raise a concern and inform policymakers and hospital administrators the importance of the magnitude and risk factors for MSDs necessitating design of preventive strategies.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v76i1.369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Uchenna C. Atowa ◽

Alvin J. Munsamy ◽

Samuel O. Wajuihian

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

Download Full-text

Predictors of undernutrition among the elderly in Sodo zuriya district Wolaita zone, Ethiopia

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-019-0320-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kidest Wondiye ◽

Netsanet Abera Asseffa ◽

Tsegaye Demisse Gemebo ◽

Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Risk Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

District Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Systematic Sampling Method

Abstract Background In any society, the elderly are among the vulnerable and high risk groups with regard to health status. In persons over the age of 60 years, nutrition is among the important determinants of health. However, undernutrition among the elderly is often under diagnosed and/or neglected. Hence, in this study, we looked at prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among the elderly. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sodo Zuriya district. Multi-stage systematic sampling method was used to select 578 elderly. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics, dietary diversity, and health status of the elderly. Measurements of weight and height were taken using digital weighing scale and stadio-meter, respectively. Data was entered and cleaned in Epi-Data version3.1and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were done and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 17.1%. On multivariate logistic regression, being unable to read and write (AOR = 2.09), not being married (AOR = 2.02), history of decline in food intake (AOR = 2.1), smoking (AOR = 4.9) and monthly income <$20 (AOR = 7.5) were factors positively associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The study revealed that prevalence of undernutrition in the district was relatively high. Hence, it is among the major public health burdens in the district. Hence, to improve nutritional status of elderly the district health office and health professionals should consider behavioral support interventions to assist in cessation of smoking. There is also a need to financially empower the elderly in the district.

Download Full-text

funcionalidad familiar y embarazo, en adolescentes que asisten a controles prenatales en centros de assbasalud ese, manizales (colombia), 2012./family functionality and pregnancy, in adolescents attending to prenatal controls in assbasalud ese centers ma

Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) ◽

10.30554/archmed.13.2.106.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 142-159

Author(s):

José jaime Castaño castrillón ◽

Carlos mario Arias trujillo ◽

Isabel cristina Carmona serna ◽

Andrés felipe Castro torres ◽

Audrey nathalie Ferreira gonzález ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Functioning ◽

Family Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Conflict Situations ◽

The Family ◽

Induced Abortions ◽

History Of ◽

Moderate Relationship

Objetivo: Analizar la funcionalidad familiar, y factores relacionados en un grupo de adolescentes embarazadas que asisten a control prenatal en los centros de atención de ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales, Colombia). Materiales y métodos:Estudiode corte transversal con una población de 190 adolescentes embarazadas entre los 12 y 21 años, el instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta escrita, anónima, que interrogaba sobre variables sociodemográficas, relación con sus padres, tipo de educación recibida, situaciones conflictivas en la familia y funcionalidad familiar. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 18 años, el 72,1% de la población presentó disfuncionalidad familiar de leve a severa, 46,9% tenían una relación con el padre entre ninguna y regular, 25,3% con la madre, 38,9% presentaban antecedentes de violencia familiar, 25,8% depresión, 23,2% de consumo de alcohol, 36,3% pensaban que no iban a quedar embarazadas, 26,8% deseaban tener hijos, la buena funcionalidad familiar tuvo relación significativa con no empleo de métodos anticonceptivos (p=0,000), alto número de embarazos (p=0,025), alto número de abortos (p=0,007) entre otras. Conclusiones: La población de adolescentes gestantes estudiada tiene características similares a las poblaciones de otras ciudades de Colombia, y otros países. Se demuestra que, como prácticamente en todos los ámbitos del ser humano, en este también la familia es decisiva y determinante en la presencia de embarazo precoz en estas adolescentes. Objective: To examine family functioning and related factors in a group of pregnantadolescents attending prenatal-control care in ASSBASALUD ESE centers (Manizales,Colombia). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with a population of 190pregnant adolescents between 12 and 21 years, the instrument used was a writtensurvey, anonymously, which questioned about sociodemographic variables, relationshipwith parents, type of education, conflict situations in the family and family functioning.Results: Average age 18 years, 72.1% of the population had family dysfunction frommild to severe, 46.9% had none or a moderate relationship with the father and 25.3%with the mother, 38, 9% had a history of family violence, depression 25.8%, 23.2%for alcohol, 36.3% thought they would not get pregnant, 26.8% wanted children. Agood family functioning was significantly related with no presence of family violence(p=0,000), with no pregnancies < 17 years (p=0,020), no use of contraceptive methods(p = 0.000), a high number of pregnancies (p=0,025), no induced abortions (p=0,007),discussions about pregnancies and sexuality with parents (p=0,000). Conclusions: Thestudied population of pregnant teenagers has characteristics similar to the populationsof other cities of Colombia, and other countries. It is demonstrated that, as practicallyin all areas of the human being, in this the family is also crucial and decisive in thepresence of early pregnancy in these adolescents.

Download Full-text

Perception and Practices relating to Hepatitis B Infection among In-school Adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria

Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) ◽

10.38029/bumj.v4i1.57 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22

Author(s):

Titilayo Olaoye ◽

Catherine Agbede ◽

Fredrick Oshiname

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hepatitis B Infection ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Multiple Sexual Partners ◽

Ogun State ◽

Multi Stage

Objective: This study examined the perception and practices relating to Hepatitis B infection among In-school adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 300 in-school adolescents selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data were elicited using a pretested self-administered questionnaire which included questions relating to respondents' risky practices, and a 35-point Hepatitis B perception scale. Descriptive statistics, as well as Chi-square statistics, were generated using IBM SPSS Version 23, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.31 ± 1.73years and slightly over half (51.7%) were females. Less than half (45%) of the adolescents perceived themselves to be susceptible to Hepatitis B infection, while 31% perceived Hepatitis B infection to be a serious disease. Almost half (49%) of the adolescents had unfavorable perceptions. The most common risky practices among the respondents were sharing skin-piercing instruments with their family members (79%) and friends (68.7%). There are significant associations between sex (gender) and risky practices such as the practices of unsafe sex (X2= 9.11; p=0.10); having multiple sexual partners (X2= 12.08; p =0.02); and sharing skin-piercing instruments (X2= 5.52; p=0.01) with more males reporting the above practices than females. Conclusion/Recommendation: To minimize the identified risky practices and unfavorable perception, educational intervention programs aimed at promoting Hepatitis B virus preventive behaviors and increasing the level of perception of vulnerability and seriousness of HBV infection among in-school adolescents should be conducted.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.24162/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Parvin Mohamadi ◽

Bushra Zareie ◽

Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

Multi Stage ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Hcv Screening

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral status of subjects were collected through interviews and the status of HBV and HCV exposure were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a lifetime history of drug injection were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in a lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures for HCV screening and treatment and HBV vaccination for incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination.

Download Full-text

Knowledge on HIV/AIDS amongst bus drivers of Dhulikel, Nepal

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6963 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

SB Marahatta

Keyword(s):

High Mobility ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Bus Drivers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Migrant Populations ◽

Transport Workers ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: One of the growing epidemics in the world today is HIV/AIDS. In the cities with high mobility, bus drivers and transport workers are considered as the risk group for HIV/AIDS. In Kavre district, the increased mobility along with Araniko highway and Banepa Bardibas highways has drastically increased the vulnerabilities of younger populations in particularly to HIV/AIDS and STDs. Most of these young people do not have access to information, condoms, supportive services which enable them to have safer sex. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was done to assess knowledge about HIV/AIDS among bus drivers of Dhulikhel. Results: After the analysis and interpretation of the data, study revealed that majority of the respondents i.e. 38% (n=19) were between age 20-24 years. Among them vast majority of the respondents i.e 82% (n=41) have heard from media (radio, Television and newspapers). Regarding transmission of HIV/AIDS 90% (n=45) of the respondents mentioned that unsafe sex is the means of transmission. Still 24% (n=12) believe that sharing clothes and 2% (n=1) believe that kissing can transmit HIV/AIDS. As per prevention measures 90% (n=5) have the knowledge that using condom during sexual intercourse can prevent HIV/ AIDS. 8% (n=4) of the respondents still believe that HIV/AIDS is curable and rest of them i.e. 92% (n=46) of the respondents knew that HIV/AIDS is not curable. Conclusion: The present study strongly recommends that there is immediate need of program to create awareness of public motor drivers and co-workers, vulnerable youths and other high risk groups of people including migrant populations. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 2012; IX (1) 35-38 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6963

Download Full-text

Treatment Seeking Behavior for COVID-19 Symptoms and Its Related Factors Among Northern Iranian Population: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112020/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farahnaz Joukar ◽

Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad ◽

Mohammadreza Naghipour ◽

Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei ◽

Saman Maroufizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

History Of ◽

Professional Treatment

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to investigate the treatment seeking behavior for COVID-19 symptoms among northern Iranian population and its related factors.Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the treatment seeking behavior for COVID-19 symptoms and its related factors in 602 confirmed COVID-19 cases for a period of 2 months between March and May 2020 in Guilan at the onset of the corona epidemic in Iran. Results: Professional treatment-seeking was observed in 18.6% of patients and most of patient reported home remedies (50.3%) and self-medication (31.1%) as first reaction to COVID-19 symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that patients with breathing difficulties symptom and history of respiratory disease had greater odds professional treatment of seeking respectively (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =1.6, P=0.03, (OR) =3.3, P =0.001). Conclusions: Roughly half of symptomatic COVID-19 patient reported home remedies as first treatment-seeking behaviors and only breathing difficulties symptom and past history of respiratory disease were identified as an independent predictor of professional treatment–seeking. However, we found no more professional treatment -seeking behaviors among elderly, diabetic, hypertensive and obese patients, while there were at risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19 infections. Thus, behavior change interventions in population with underling disease (including diabetes, hypertension and obesity) and older age is crucial to improve professional treatment -seeking behaviors.

Download Full-text

Multiple sclerosis patients and e-health system in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare ◽

10.1108/ijhrh-01-2021-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Foziah Alshamrani ◽

Hind Alnajashi

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Treatment Adherence ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurological disease. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are mainstay lifelong treatment with no immediate benefits observed. Adherence to treatment is necessary, however, non-adherence is common problem in MS patients. This paper aims to evaluate patient-related factors and satisfactions affecting medication adherence in Saudi MS patients and their rights to discontinue them against medical advice. Design/methodology/approach In total, 409 patients diagnosed with MS, using self-administered DMT (oral and injectable), were randomly enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Electronic questionnaire was used in data collection. Findings Most participants (71.1%) did not know about their MS type. Average age of participants when diagnosed with MS was 27.9 ± 8 years (range 7–69), mean disease duration was 8.1 ± 6.6. Most patients received injectable therapy 363 (88%). Overall adherence in our sample was 67%. Age of participants and duration of disease had no impact on treatment adherence. No significant differences found between genders, educational level, marital status, and smoking in relation to treatment adherence. Route of administration did not reach statistical significance despite a higher percentage of adherence reported in patients on oral DMT [33% (n = 15)] versus injectable therapy [29% (n = 104)]. Conversely, there was significant difference between adherent and non-adherent patients according to anxiety (p = 0.002) and family history of MS (p = 0.011). Originality/value The results revealed that the age of the participants and the duration of the disease had no impact on adherence to treatment.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Peri-Implantitis: A Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study on 248 Patients

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj8030080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Tommaso Weinstein ◽

Tommaso Clauser ◽

Massimo Del Fabbro ◽

Matteo Deflorian ◽

Andrea Parenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Supportive Therapy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Implant Therapy

The aim of this multicenter cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of peri-implantitis and to assess its association with several patient- and implant-related factors. Patients with at least one implant, who came for a recall visit to one of the four centers over a period of five months, were enrolled. Presence of peri-implantitis (defined as bleeding on probing, exudate/suppuration, bone loss > 0.2 mm/year and increased pocket depth) and several other variables (e.g., smoking habits, history of periodontitis, diabetes) were recorded. Out of 248 enrolled patients (1162 implants), 10 patients had at least one implant with peri-implantitis (4.03%); a total of 14 implants were affected (1.20%). A statistically significant association between peri-implantitis and diabetes was found (OR 8.65; CI: 1.94–38.57). Smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (OR: 0.53; CI 0.03–9.45) and history of periodontitis (OR: 2.42; CI: 0.49–11.89) were not found to be statistically associated with peri-implantitis. Even if implant therapy is a consolidated treatment, biological complications do happen. Strict supportive therapy recalls could lead to lower rates of peri-implantitis and earlier diagnosis.

Download Full-text