Measuring fairness in franchisor-franchisee relationship: a confirmatory approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateeque Shaikh ◽  
Saswata Narayan Biswas ◽  
Vanita Yadav ◽  
Debiprasad Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop, test and validate a measure of fairness in the context of franchisor-franchisee relationship and test for the dimensionality of fairness. Design/methodology/approach The authors surveyed 300 franchisees of a large-scale franchisor in India. The authors employ confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to analyse the data. Findings The authors tested four models of the fairness construct through CFA using structural equation modelling. The three-factor corrected model of the fairness construct exhibits comparatively better goodness of fit indices as compared to the other correlated models of the fairness construct. It clears the threshold level of validity and reliability test. The findings of the study suggest that the factor structure of fairness is three-factor correlated model with aspects of procedural fairness and informational fairness getting subsumed into one construct. Research limitations/implications Factor structure of fairness construct differs with earlier empirical research findings with both interpersonal fairness and informational fairness subsuming into each other to form one construct. Practical implications This measure can be utilized by franchisee managers to track perceptions of fairness among franchisees to manage the franchise relationship in a better way. Franchisees expect information sharing from the franchisor and not the representative of the franchisor. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to develop a valid and reliable measure of fairness construct in the context of franchise relationship. This study also identifies factor structure of fairness construct.

An empirical study of the antecedents and consequences of brand engagement

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Yin Wong ◽  
Bill Merrilees
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Brand Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a model of brand engagement. More specifically, the aim is to evaluate both antecedents and consequences of brand engagement, from a management perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative survey of 403 firms is undertaken to test the model. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to estimate the parameters of the model. Findings – A reliable and valid measure of brand engagement is established. The SEM model works well, in terms of goodness of fit indices. The results demonstrate that there are major brand performance benefits (consequences) of brand engagement. Additionally, and important for the practical implications, the results show that brand orientation is a major antecedent to brand engagement. Research limitations/implications – The study needs to be replicated in other countries, with scope to add other explanatory variables for influencing brand engagement. The results have considerable practical benefits for guiding the introduction of measures to enhance brand engagement. Originality/value – The study builds on earlier (mainly consumer) conceptual approaches to brand engagement, but goes further in that it provides empirical evidence about the nature, antecedents and consequences of brand engagement and further, offers a management rather than consumer perspective. Essentially, the study reveals a new perspective of factors that encourage firms to connect/engage their brands with consumers. Brand engagement is a dual concept, reflecting both a consumer and a firm perspective.

An implementation framework of value management in the Nigerian construction industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Lot Tanko ◽  
Fadhlin Abdullah ◽  
Zuhaili Mohamad Ramly ◽  
Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for value management (VM) implementation by establishing the effect of critical success factors on current construction practices. This will aid stakeholders to improve productivity of construction practices in the Nigerian construction industry. The study established the requirements that ought to be satisfied for VM to successfully enhance productivity of construction activities. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was based on self-administered questionnaires from 344 registered construction professionals in Nigeria. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data for both descriptive and inferential analyses. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy revealed that the internal consistency of the developed research instrument was appropriate, while the confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices among acknowledged determinants of the structural model. Findings A framework that established the requirements for the successful implementation of VM construction practices in the Nigerian construction industry. Originality/value A structural model validated the requirements of applying VM on current construction practices. The established requirements (environment, people, government and information/methodology) can be used by decision makers and stakeholders to improve productivity of the current construction practices in the Nigerian construction environment. A framework was developed and validated by construction experts to confirm its suitability, usefulness and acceptance.

Stakeholders’ consensus on organizational technology acceptance; using thematic analysis and SEM

Kybernetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sarkeshikian ◽  
Amir Zakery ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shafia ◽  
Alireza Aliahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business To Business

Purpose Much research has been conducted on technology acceptance (TA), which is mainly about the acceptance by one user. As more than one person should be involved in business-to-business TA decision-making, it is suggested that different processes for making a consensus among different stakeholders should be considered. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a model for essential activities and characteristics of advocators for accelerating the stakeholders’ consensus in the technology acceptance (SCTA). Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model of this research is presented using a thematic analysis of the interviews with the relevant experts and existing literature. Furthermore, the structural equation model was applied for analyzing empirically how advocators’ characteristics and activities affect consensus. In total, 248 respondents completed the questionnaires. Experts’ opinions, Krippendorff’s alpha index, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and goodness of fit indices were applied to verify the reliability of the results. Findings Results show that “being leader” and “being influential” are two main characteristics for the advocators’ team that significantly affect SCTA. Reducing perceived “risk” for each stakeholder, developing a “common understanding” among them and demonstrating “resource readiness” are also the main tasks of advocators leading to SCTA. Originality/value The role of advocators in SCTA has been neglected. The main contribution of this study is identifying the required advocators’ activities and characteristics for achieving SCTA.

Validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pintus ◽  
Chiara Bertolini ◽  
Lucia Scipione ◽  
Maja Antonietti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sense Of Efficacy ◽  
Three Factor

PurposeThis study investigates the construct validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Teachers' Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) and contributes to existing research aimed at exploring the elements and variables that influence teachers' self-efficacy levels.Design/methodology/approachThe instrument, translated and adapted in Italian by Cardarello et al. (2017), was tested on a sample of 349 in-service second grade teachers with similar demographic profiles (gender, age, seniority). The study analyzes the data following the exploratory factor analysis.FindingsThe results of this research confirm the relevance of the three-factor model, but opens the possibility of a different organizational structure of the items within the scale. In fact, the results confirmed both the original TSES three-factor structure (student engagement, classroom management, instructional strategies) and a new four-factor structure. The new four-factor structure recognizes two new factors of an instructional nature, “Inclusive instructional strategies, learner-centered” and “Traditional instructional strategies, teacher-centered.” The first one recalls beliefs about capabilities to use strategies and assessments focused on students' needs (inclusive perspective); the second one refers to the dimension of the disciplinary master.Originality/valueAccording to the idea that teachers' self-efficacy is a multidimensional construct, the findings of this study invite to reflect upon the meanings of scale application in different cultural contexts and open a discussion about instructional strategies and the experience of teaching in Italy.

Assessing the credibility of Web information by university students: findings from a case study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 681-696
Author(s):  
Hamid Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Professional Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how university students assess the credibility of diverse information available on the Web. Design/methodology/approach This paper used applied study and was conducted using the survey-descriptive method. Using a randomized stratified sampling method and the Cochran sampling formula, a sample including 380 student participants was selected from Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Data were gathered by administrating a validated questionnaire including eight components of ethics, writing style, website appearance, website identity, professional information, accuracy, usability and interaction. Data were analyzed by software SPSS 20.0 and LISREL 8.7. Findings Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that the overall framework is reliable according to the goodness of fit indices for the measurement and structural models showing a high quality on measuring the variable in the context studied. Findings also showed that the components usability, interaction, accuracy, website appearance, writing style, professional information, ethics and website identity had the standard relevance. Practical implications Users paid more attention to semantic- and expertise-related features compared to characteristics of the source and its authority. Such preference should be taken into account by providers when producing information and students when evaluating information. Originality/value The framework underlying this research had the required quality incorporating a set of most important criteria for exploring Web information evaluation behavior by the students, which is also useful for future related studies.

Perceptions of fair treatment in financial services

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 1315-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Devlin ◽  
Sanjit Kumar Roy ◽  
Harjit Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributive Fairness ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
High Degree

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to derive, test and validate a comprehensive, inclusive measure of perceptions of fairness in consumers of financial services, as current attempts to measure fairness in a broad-based multi-dimensional manner are underdeveloped. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative approach where a large-scale sample of the perceptions of financial services consumers is taken in three periods. Subsequently, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis are used to analyse the data. Findings – Fairness comprises three distinct but related elements, namely, procedural, interactional and distributive fairness, and further sub-dimensions are also apparent. The measurement scale exhibits a high degree of validity and reliability and represents a robust measure of fairness perceptions. Research limitations/implications – Previous conceptual suppositions as to the multi-dimensional nature of fairness are strongly supported. A comprehensive scale is provided for fellow researchers to utilise in other settings. The main limitation is that the measures were tested in a single context, although this is offset by the large scale of the pilot exercise and multiple waves of data collection. Practical implications – Perceptions of fairness can be measured accurately and tracked, measures for sub-dimensions of fairness can be compared and differences among sectors and demographic segments can be explored. Perceptions of fairness can be related to factors such as trust and purchase intentions in addition to other attitudinal measures. Originality/value – The fairness measure developed, tested and validated here is the most comprehensive, multi-dimensional measure of fairness available that the authors know of. As such, it represents a valuable conceptual contribution to the assessment of perceptions of fairness.

The dimensions and effects of excessive change

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pilot Sample ◽  
Reactions To Change ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose – Change excessiveness is argued as a critical contextual aspect of change management. The purpose of this paper is to identify three major dimensions to change excessiveness: change frequency, extent, and impact. A three-factor structure is proposed to broaden the emerging study on the contextual aspects of change. Its pertinence is proposed in addressing healthcare employees’ exhaustion, change-related uncertainty, and support for change. Design/methodology/approach – Using questionnaires, a first pilot sample (n=131) was recruited to test the psychometric properties and validity of the three-factor structure, while controlling for affectivity. Structural equation modeling techniques following a two-step approach were used on a second sample (n=363). First a confirmatory assessment of the three-factor structure of excessive change is tested. Second, a full mediation effect of excessive change, as a second-order latent factor, regrouping change frequency, impact and extent as first-order factors, was modeled to predict a tripartite conception of change-related reactions: exhaustion, uncertainty, and support for change. Findings – The excessive change three-factor structure is validated, while showing its superiority over alternative models. The fully mediated model is confirmed. Therefore, the significant added effects of change frequency, impact, and extent are positively related to emotional exhaustion and cognitive uncertainty, while negatively related with behavioral support for change. Originality/value – This study contributes by proposing a three-factor structure to excessive change assessment based on previous and independent findings in the literature. It also contributes in modeling the added effect of change frequency, extent, and impact in the full mediation relationship of change excessiveness on a tripartite reactions to change in healthcare management settings.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the structure of the questionnaire for eudaimonic well-being using wide age-range Japanese adult sample: An exploratory analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ishii ◽  
Ryota Sakakibara ◽  
Aiko Komoto Kubota ◽  
Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background An increasing amount of research is now highlighting the importance of approaching issues of happiness through eudaimonic well-being. However, the literature does not conclusively show a full understanding of the construct of eudaimonic well-being, as previous studies primarily focused on younger samples from Western countries and only a few studies have attempted to explore its psychological construct through exploratory approaches. Therefore, we conducted a survey among a wide range of age groups in Japan to capture the psychological construct of eudaimonic well-being, through an exploratory analytic approach using Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Wellbeing (QEWB). Methods A total of 1126 Japanese participants (580 females, 546 males) were included for analysis. Participants were divided into three age groups according to their age, including 10s to 20s (18–29 years), 30s to 40s (30–49 years) and 50s to 60s (50–69 years). After narrowing down the total number of factors by exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), we conducted an ESEM and bifactor ESEM with oblique goemin and oblique bi-geomin rotations for choosing and assessing the final model based on the rotated results and its interpretability. Results The results of a parallel analysis and goodness-of-fit indices obtained by ESEM indicated that the QEWB consisted of three or more factors. Both a three-to-six factor and bifactor ESEM with oblique goemin rotation showed that three-factor structure for the 30s to 40s and 50s to 60s and four-factor structure for the 10s to 20s should be chosen, respectively. “Deep and Meaningful Engagement,” a factor only relevant to the 10s to 20s may be an expanded version of what original paper called the Intense Involvement in Activities, with more emphasis on the enthusiastic attitude one has towards activities. Conclusions The structure of eudaimonic well-being may differ across cultures and ages, thus requiring further investigation in the field.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Long and Short Forms of the Worry Domains Questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Roberto Nuevo ◽  
Andrés Losada ◽  
María Márquez-González ◽  
Cecilia Peñacoba
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Future Work

The Worry Domains Questionnaire was proposed as a measure of both pathological and nonpathological worry, and assesses the frequency of worrying about five different domains: relationships, lack of confidence, aimless future, work, and financial. The present study analyzed the factor structure of the long and short forms of the WDQ (WDQ and WDQ-SF, respectively) through confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 262 students (M age = 21.8; SD = 2.6; 86.3% females). While the goodness-of-fit indices did not provide support for the WDQ, good fit indices were found for the WDQ-SF. Furthermore, no source of misspecification was identified, thus, supporting the factorial validity of the WDQ-SF scale. Significant positive correlations between the WDQ-SF and its subscales with worry (PSWQ), anxiety (STAI-T), and depression (BDI) were found. The internal consistency was good for the total scale and for the subscales. This work provides support for the use of the WDQ-SF, and potential uses for research and clinical purposes are discussed.

Consumers’ self-congruence with a “Liked” brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Wallace ◽  
Isabel Buil ◽  
Leslie de Chernatony
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Image

Purpose Brand “Likes” on Facebook facilitate self-expression, forming part of consumers’ virtual selves. Yet, consumers’ brand “Likes” may bear little resemblance to their material realities. This paper aims to test similarities of brand image with self-image for Facebook “Likes” to determine whether self-congruence with a “Liked” brand leads to positive offline brand outcomes. It also investigates whether consumers’ perceptions about their Facebook social relations influence self-congruent brand “Likes”. Design/methodology/approach A large-scale survey was conducted of regular Facebook users who “Liked” brands. Data from 438 respondents was analysed and hypotheses tested using structural equation modeling. Findings Empirical results show that the perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand increases with social tie strength. Perceived social tie strength is informed by perceived attitude homophily. When the perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand is higher, brand love and word of mouth (WOM) are enhanced. Consumers also have greater brand loyalty and offer more WOM when brands are loved. Research limitations/implications Findings demonstrate the influence of consumers’ cognitive network on “Likes” and brand outcomes. Further replication would enhance generalisability. Future research should use a wider sample and investigate other variables. Practical implications Findings support managers seeking to grow and analyse Facebook “Likes” by providing insights into brand loyalty, brand love and WOM for “Liked” brands. Originality/value The paper addresses the dearth of research exploring how consumers’ perceptions of their Facebook network influence their online brand behaviour and how perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand relates to brand outcomes.

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