Sustainability in university campus: options for achieving nearly zero energy goals

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Moura ◽  
Humberto Jorge ◽  
Aníbal de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pv Generation

Purpose The purpose of this study was to design a renovation plan for a university campus building (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering) with the aim to achieve nearly zero energy performance, ensuring a low specific demand (lower than 44 kWh/m2) and a high level of on-site renewable generation (equivalent to more than 20 per cent of the energy demand). Design/methodology/approach The baseline demand was characterized based on energy audits, on smart metering data and on the existing building management system data, showing a recent reduction of the electricity demand owing to some implemented measures. The renovation plan was then designed with two main measures, the total replacement of the actual lighting by LEDs and the installation of a photovoltaic system (PV) with 78.8 kWp coupled with an energy storage system with 100 kWh of lithium-ion batteries. Findings The designed renovation achieved energy savings of 20 per cent, with 27.5 per cent of the consumed energy supplied by the PV system. This will ensure a reduction of the specific energy of the building to only 30 kWh/m2, with 42.4 per cent savings on the net-energy demand. Practical implications The designed renovation proves that it is possible to achieve nearly zero energy goals with cost-effective solutions, presenting the lighting renovation and the solar PV generation system a payback of 2.3 and 6.9 years, respectively. Originality/value This study innovated by defining ambitious goals to achieve nearly zero energy levels and presenting a design based on a comprehensive lighting retrofit and PV generation, whereas other studies are mostly based on envelope refurbishment and behaviour changes.

scholarly journals Monitoring Data Study of the Performance of Renewable Energy Systems in a Near Zero Energy Building in Spain: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rey-Hernández ◽  
Eloy Velasco-Gómez ◽  
Julio San José-Alonso ◽  
Ana Tejero-González ◽  
Sergio González-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Zero Energy Building

The building sector is responsible for a substantial part of the energy consumption and corresponding CO2 emissions. The European Union has consequently developed various directives, among which the updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU stands out, aiming at minimizing the energy demand in buildings, improving the energy efficiency of their facilities and integrating renewable energies. The objective of the present study was to develop an analysis on the energy performance, related CO2 emissions and operating costs of the renewable energy technologies implemented within a multipurpose near Zero Energy Building (nZEB). The target building is an existing nZEB called LUCIA, located in Valladolid (Spain). Monitoring data provides the required information on the actual needs for electricity, cooling and heating. It is equipped with solar energy photovoltaic systems, a biomass boiler and a geothermal Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) intended for meeting the ventilation thermal loads. All systems studied show favourable performances, but depend significantly on the particular characteristics of the building, the control algorithm and the climate of the location. Hence, design of these strategies for new nZEBs must consider all these factors. The combined use of the PhotoVoltaic PV System, the biomass and the EAHX reduces the CO2 emissions up to 123 to 170 tons/year in comparison with other fuels, entailing economic savings from the system operation of up to 43,000–50,000 €/year.

scholarly journals A REVIEW PAPER ON QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM IN JAIPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
Mr. Kishan Khatri ◽  
Dr. Shweta Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Pv Generation

The aim of research is to identify a performance gap of solar PV through the quantitative assessment. In the recent studies it has been observed that the actual performance is considered based on the overall irradiation on the major portion of the area, as the irradiation for low distance grade is challenging to collect across the globe. The study and analysis of the actual solar PV system is the open ground to study and benchmark the generation for particular Jaipur City. On the basis of cost analysis, it has been observed, the rooftop solar plant is a feasible solution as it provides a helping hand to meet the growing energy demand. Although, some challenges such as inflation rate, the current discount rate and life of the plant will remain with installation and generating but, can be mitigated with its long-term benefits. The current market scenario with low cost of renewable technology the role of other financial parameters affects the financial viability of the project therefore it is necessary to analyse all the parameters carefully before installing a PV plant especially in areas where land cost is a considerable parameter. KEYWORDS: Solar PV Generation, Jaipur Radiation, Photovoltaic, Kilowatt peak, Rajasthan Solar

Reliability modeling and performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic system using Gumbel–Hougaard family copula

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Sani Maihulla ◽  
Ibrahim Yusuf ◽  
Muhammad Salihu Isa
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
The Impact

PurposeSolar photovoltaic (PV) is commonly used as a renewable energy source to provide electrical power to customers. This research establishes a method for testing the performance reliability of large grid-connected PV power systems. Solar PV can turn unrestricted amounts of sunlight into energy without releasing carbon dioxide or other contaminants into the atmosphere. Because of these advantages, large-scale solar PV generation has been increasingly incorporated into power grids to meet energy demand. The capability of the installation and the position of the PV are the most important considerations for a utility company when installing solar PV generation in their system. Because of the unpredictability of sunlight, the amount of solar penetration in a device is generally restricted by reliability constraints. PV power systems are made up of five PV modules, with three of them needing to be operational at the same time. In other words, three out of five. Then there is a charge controller and a battery bank with three batteries, two of which must be consecutively be in operation. i.e. two out of three. Inverter and two distributors, all of which were involved at the same time. i.e. two out of two. In order to evaluate real-world grid-connected PV networks, state enumeration is used. To measure the reliability of PV systems, a collection of reliability indices has been created. Furthermore, detailed sensitivity tests are carried out to examine the effect of various factors on the efficiency of PV power systems. Every module's test results on a realistic 10-kW PV system. To see how the model works in practice, many scenarios are considered. Tables and graphs are used to show the findings.Design/methodology/approachThe system of first-order differential equations is formulated and solved using Laplace transforms using regenerative point techniques. Several scenarios were examined to determine the impact of the model under consideration. The calculations were done with Maple 13 software.FindingsThe authors get availability, reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), MTTF sensitivity and gain feature in this research. To measure the reliability of PV systems, a collection of reliability indices has been created. Furthermore, detailed sensitivity tests are carried out to examine the effect of various factors on the efficiency of PV power systems.Originality/valueThis is the authors' original copy of the paper. Because of the importance of the study, the references are well-cited. Nothing from any previously published articles or textbooks has been withdrawn.

scholarly journals Low Cost Solar Powered Telecenters for Malaysian Rural Areas: Case Study in Pos Sinderut, Pahang, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
M. D. Ibrahim ◽  
S. Zainal ◽  
A. K. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System

The main objective of this project is to design and analyze the cost benefits solar PV system for rural telecenter. The project focused on designing the main solar system and solar panel energy performance based on translucency. The task that was carried out in this project was the selection of the suitable system that will suit the operation well while keeping the design cost as low as possible. In this project, the design of the solar panel system was focused on the electric loads and its cost benefit. Homer software was used to evaluate the solar panel system. Meant for ways of communications for indigenous people, the Solar Photovoltaic system is one of the popular solution for off-grid rural community power supply. The optimized combination for a particular rural site can be predicted based on NASA’s data of Solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI). In this project, Pos Sinderut was chosen as the site, and the data load was measured. In our preliminary findings, it was found that the model on site was not suitably designed and maintained. The data parameters that was used for the on-site installed model was also not possible to be calculated when the model was simulated using Homer Software. As a result, we proposed a new model design by optimizing the load of VSAT and charging station based on the amount of solar PV and batteries that was supplied. This paper shows the significance of preliminary designs based on the irradiance and the usage load of the specific site before any installation should be commenced. It also showed how the site should be maintained properly in order to ensure a chosen site is sustainable for the rural community, post-installation.  

A novel way of parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bisht ◽  
Afzal Sikander
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

Purpose This paper aims to achieve accurate maximum power from solar photovoltaic (PV), its five parameters need to be estimated. This study proposes a novel optimization technique for parameter estimation of solar PV. Design/methodology/approach To extract optimal parameters of solar PV new optimization technique based on the Jellyfish search optimizer (JSO). The objective function is defined based on two unknown variables and the proposed technique is used to estimate the two unknown variables and the rest three unknown variables are estimated analytically. Findings In this paper, JSO is used to estimate the parameters of a single diode PV model. In this study, eight different PV panels are considered. In addition, various performance indices, such as PV characteristics, such as power-voltage and current-voltage curves, relative error (RE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) are determined using the proposed algorithm and existing algorithms. The results for different solar panels have been obtained under varying environmental conditions such as changing temperature and constant irradiance or changing irradiance and constant temperature. Originality/value The proposed technique is new and provides better results with minimum RE, RMSE, NMAE, MAE and converges fast, as depicted by the fitness graph presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Kamran Zeb ◽  
Waqar Uddin ◽  
P. Sathishkumar ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Cost

Environment protection and energy saving are the most attractive trends in zero-carbon buildings. The most promising and environmentally friendly technique is building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which can also replace conventional buildings based on non-renewable energy. Despite the recent advances in technology, the cost of BIPV systems is still very high. Hence, reducing the cost is a major challenge. This paper examines and validates the effectiveness of low-cost aluminum (Al) foil as a reflector. The design and the performance of planer-reflector for BIPV systems are analyzed in detail. A Bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) with thin film Al-foil reflector and an LLC converter for a BIPV system is proposed and experimented with a 400-W prototype. A cadmium–sulfide (CdS) photo-resistor sensor and an Arduino-based algorithm was developed to control the working of the reflectors. Furthermore, the effect of Al-foil reflectors on the temperature of PV module has been examined. The developed LLC converter confirmed stable output voltage despite large variation in input voltage proving its effectiveness for the proposed BRPVS. The experimental results of the proposed BRPVS with an Al-reflector of the same size as that of the solar PV module offered an enhancement of 28.47% in the output power.

scholarly journals Economic aspects and energy performance of the cooled polycrystalline solar photovoltaic technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Henrik Zsiborács ◽  
Béla Pályi ◽  
Gábor Pintér ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
Péter Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Cooling Technology

In this paper the economic aspects of the water spraying cooling technology of polycrystalline solar modules with respect to the effect of temperature on performance was examined. The main purpose of this work was to explore the economic relations of the spraying cooling technology of solar modules. In the study 5 kW PV system for residential customers, 5 kW and 50 kW PV system for business customer were studied. In Hungarian climatic conditions, considering the inflation values used, the interest rate, the annual utilization of the cooling system, the expected profit and the maintenance costs show us that neither of the cooling solutions is capable of better payback time than the reference uncooled solar PV system. The further research goal is to determine the usability of the cooling system in such countries which have on the one hand more ideal climatic conditions, on the other hand more predictable green energy feed regulations.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation and Energy Performance Simulation of Mongolian Ger with ETS Heater and Solar PV in Ulaanbaatar City

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5840
Author(s):  
Bat-Erdene Bayandelger ◽  
Yuzuru Ueda ◽  
Amarbayar Adiyabat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Central Energy ◽  
Indoor Comfort

There are approximately 200,000 households living in detached houses and gers (yurts) with small coal stoves that burn raw coal in Ulaanbaatar city. A proper heating system and improvement of the energy efficiency of residential dwellings are vitally important for Ulaanbaatar city to reduce air pollution as well as for the operation of the current central energy system. This study shows the experimental results for two gers with two different heating systems and different thermal insulation, for investigating the merits of each. The technical feasibility of the system consisting of an electric thermal storage (ETS) heater with a daytime charging schedule and areal photovoltaic (PV) system was also examined by using a simulation with software developed in MATLAB (R2020a, MathWorks, USA). As a result of the experiment, the indoor comfort level and energy efficiency of the ger with added insulation and an ETS heater with nighttime charging were shown to be enhanced compared with those of the reference ger. The ger with added insulation and the ETS heater consumed 3169 kWh for electric appliances and 5989 kWh for the heating season. The simulation showed that the PV self-consumption rate is 76% for the Ger 2 with the ETS heater because of the daytime charging schedule of the ETS heater. The PV system supplied 31% of the total energy consumed, with the remaining 69% from the main grid.

Deep renovation of historic buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Herrera-Avellanosa ◽  
Franziska Haas ◽  
Gustaf Leijonhufvud ◽  
Tor Brostrom ◽  
Alessia Buda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose Improving the energy performance of historic buildings has the potential to reduce carbon emissions while protecting built heritage through its continued use. However, implementing energy retrofits in these buildings faces social, economic, and technical barriers. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to present the approach of IEA-SHC Task 59 to address some of these barriers. Design/methodology/approach Task 59 aims to achieve the lowest possible energy demand for historic buildings. This paper proposes a definition for this concept and identifies three key socio-technical barriers to achieving this goal: the decision-makers’ lack of engagement in the renovation of historic buildings, a lack of support during the design process and limited access to proven retrofit solutions. Two methods – dissemination of best-practice and guidelines – are discussed in this paper as critical approaches for addressing the first two barriers. Findings An assessment of existing databases indicates a lack of best-practice examples focused specifically on historic buildings and the need for tailored information describing these case studies. Similarly, an initial evaluation of guidelines highlighted the need for process-oriented guidance and its evaluation in practice. Originality/value This paper provides a novel definition of lowest possible energy demand for historic buildings that is broadly applicable in both practice and research. Both best-practices and guidelines are intended to be widely disseminated throughout the field.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Installation of Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Complied with Thailand Energy Building Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Pathomthat Chiradeja ◽  
Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Pv System

Renewable energy especially solar energy has become a significant part in electrical power generation with its advantage in the environmentally friendly and current trend of decrease in installation cost. The photovoltaic (PV) system on a rooftop is one of the power generating system based on renewable energy that can fit building to utilize space efficiently. This paper is analyzing the feasibility of installing a solar PV rooftop on the building using a case study building located in Bangkok, Thailand. The performance will be evaluated in term of both energy and economic perspective. The comparison with Thailand building energy code also been done to show that overall energy consumption with PV system complies with the law. The result has shown that with rooftop photovoltaic system installation, annual energy consumption in the building can be reduced significantly and it can achieve feasibility in term of economic perspective.

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