A cost-effective programmable SoC for network security using Xilinx Spartan 3AN FPGA

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Medany
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – With the rapid development in wired and wireless networks, the demand for network security system is rising rapidly due to more and more new applications introduced. The main factors that rate the encryption algorithms are its ability to secure and protect data against attacks, its speed and efficiency. In this paper, a reconfigurable network security design using multi-mode data encryption standard (DES) algorithm has been implemented with low complexity and low cost, which will also reduce the speed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The design can be easily reconfigured to 3DES (triple DES) which is more secure and more powerful in encryption and decryption, as one of the trick in designing 3DES is to reuse three instances of DES. The design can be used for wired and wireless network applications, and it has been described using VHDL and implemented in a reconfigurable Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC). The hardware implementation has targeted Xilinx Spartan XC3S700-AN FPGA device. Findings – The main idea of reducing the complexity for the hardware implementation is by optimizing the number of logic gates and LUTs of the design. The number of logic gates can be decreased by changing the way of writing the VHDL code and by optimizing the size of the chip. Originality/value – The design has been tested in simulation and hardware levels, and the simulation results and performance are discussed.

scholarly journals Computer Numerically Controlled Drawing Robot Based on Computer-Aided Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antor Mahamudul Hashan ◽  
Abdullah Haidari ◽  
Srishti Saha ◽  
Titas Paul
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Complex Circuits ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Aided Design

Due to the rapid development of technology, the use of numerically controlled machines in the industry is increasing. The main idea behind this paper is computer-aided design (CAD) based low-cost computer numerical control 2D drawing robot that can accurately draw complex circuits, diagrams, logos, etc. The system is created using open-source hardware and software, which makes it available at a low cost. The open-source LibreCAD application has been used for computer-aided design. Geometric data of a CAD model is converted to coordinate points using the python-based F-Engrave application. This system uses the Arduino UNO board as a signal generator of the universal g-code sender without compromising the performance. The proposed drawing robot is designed as a low-cost robot for educational purposes and aims to increase the student's interest in robotics and computer-aided design (CAD) skills to the next level. The drawing robot structure has been developed, and it meets the requirements of low cost with satisfactory experimental results.

A place to work: examining workplace location attributes that appeal to generation Y and Z talent

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasuthon Wisuchat ◽  
Viriya Taecharungroj
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to identify and to compare workplace location attributes that appealed to Generation Y and Z talent. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants to identify workplace location attributes. Choice-based conjoint surveys were collected from 750 Generation Y and Z individuals in the talent pool of Bangkok, Thailand to compare the importance of attributes. Findings The most important workplace location attribute was the availability and diversity of restaurants followed by place appearance, traffic density, availability of public workspaces, public transport and after-work activities. Transport-related attributes were more important for older generations, whereas public workspaces and place appearance were more important for younger talent. Practical implications To attract talent, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) should address the weaknesses of potential workplace locations through efficient, low-cost and rapid development plans. Although Bangkok is known for street food, BMA policies that promote restaurants as the most important attribute are limited. The BMA should initiate plans to promote the availability and diversity of restaurants. Innovation districts in Bangkok should connect to restaurants and food networks in their vicinity. Originality/value The existing literature explored factors that attract talent at the city level, but no study has investigated attractiveness at the workplace location level. Despite some similarities, workplace location attributes identified in this study were more specific than city-level attributes.

Ultra-low-power time-efficient circuitry of dual comparator/amplifier for SAR ADC by CMOS technology

Circuit World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Faheem ◽  
Shun'an Zhong ◽  
Xinghua Wang ◽  
Muhammad Basit Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Sar Adc ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analogue To Digital

Purpose Successive approximation register (SAR) analogue to digital converter (ADC) is well-known with regard to low-power operations. To make it energy-efficient and time-efficient, scientists are working for the last two decades, and it still needs the attention of the researchers. In actual work, there is no mechanism and circuitry for the production of two simultaneous comparator outputs in SAR ADC. Design/methodology/approach A small-sized, low-power and energy-efficient circuitry of a dual comparator and an amplifier is presented, which is the most important part of SAR ADC. The main idea is to design a multi-dimensional circuit which can deliver two quick parallel comparisons. The circuitry of the three devices is combined and miniaturized by introducing a lower number of MOSFET’s and small-sized capacitors in such a way that there is no need for any matching and calibration. Findings The supply voltage of the proposed comparator is 0.7 V with the overall power consumption of 0.257mW. The input and clock frequencies are 5 and 50 MHz, respectively. There is no requirement for any offset calibration and mismatching concerns due to sharing and centralization of spider-latch circuitry. The total offset voltages are 0.13 0.31 mV with 0.3VDD to VDD. All the components are small-sized and miniaturized to make the circuit cost-effective and energy-efficient. The rise and response time of comparator is around 100 ns. SNDR improved from 56 to 65 dB where the input-referred noise of an amplifier is 98mVrms. Originality/value The proposed design has no linear-complexity compared with the conventional comparator in both modes (working and standby); it is ultimately intended and designed for 11-bit SAR ADC. The circuit based on three rapid clock pulses for three different modes includes amplification and two parallel comparisons controlled and switched by a latch named as “spider-latch”.

scholarly journals Real-time structural health monitoring for concrete beams: a cost-effective ‘Industry 4.0’ solution using piezo sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arka Ghosh ◽  
David John Edwards ◽  
M. Reza Hosseini ◽  
Riyadh Al-Ameri ◽  
Jemal Abawajy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Non Destructive

PurposeThis research paper adopts the fundamental tenets of advanced technologies in industry 4.0 to monitor the structural health of concrete beam members using cost-effective non-destructive technologies. In so doing, the work illustrates how a coalescence of low-cost digital technologies can seamlessly integrate to solve practical construction problems.Design/methodology/approachA mixed philosophies epistemological design is adopted to implement the empirical quantitative analysis of “real-time” data collected via sensor-based technologies streamed through a Raspberry Pi and uploaded onto a cloud-based system. Data was analysed using a hybrid approach that combined both vibration-characteristic-based method and linear variable differential transducers (LVDT).FindingsThe research utilises a novel digital research approach for accurately detecting and recording the localisation of structural cracks in concrete beams. This non-destructive low-cost approach was shown to perform with a high degree of accuracy and precision, as verified by the LVDT measurements. This research is testament to the fact that as technological advancements progress at an exponential rate, the cost of implementation continues to reduce to produce higher-accuracy “mass-market” solutions for industry practitioners.Originality/valueAccurate structural health monitoring of concrete structures necessitates expensive equipment, complex signal processing and skilled operator. The concrete industry is in dire need of a simple but reliable technique that can reduce the testing time, cost and complexity of maintenance of structures. This was the first experiment of its kind that seeks to develop an unconventional approach to solve the maintenance problem associated with concrete structures. This study merges industry 4.0 digital technologies with a novel low-cost and automated hybrid analysis for real-time structural health monitoring of concrete beams by fusing several multidisciplinary approaches into one integral technological configuration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Portability and Cost of a Fluorescent PCR Ribotyping Protocol for Clostridium difficile Epidemiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. V. Martinson ◽  
Susan Broadaway ◽  
Egan Lohman ◽  
Christina Johnson ◽  
M. Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluorescent Pcr ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Data Portability

Clostridium difficileis the most commonly identified pathogen among health care-associated infections in the United States. There is a need for accurate and low-cost typing tools that produce comparable data across studies (i.e., portable data) to help characterize isolates during epidemiologic investigations ofC. difficileoutbreaks and sporadic cases of disease. The most popularC. difficile-typing technique is PCR ribotyping, and we previously developed methods using fluorescent PCR primers and amplicon sizing on a Sanger-style sequencer to generate fluorescent PCR ribotyping data. This technique has been used to characterize tens of thousands ofC. difficileisolates from cases of disease. Here, we present validation of a protocol for the cost-effective generation of fluorescent PCR ribotyping data. A key component of this protocol is the ability to accurately identify PCR ribotypes against an online database (http://walklab.rcg.montana.edu) at no cost. We present results from a blinded multicenter study to address data portability across four different laboratories and three different sequencing centers. Our standardized protocol and centralized database for typing ofC. difficilepathogens will increase comparability between studies so that important epidemiologic linkages between cases of disease and patterns of emergence can be rapidly identified.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MPPT ALGORITHMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS UNDER UNIFORM IRRIADIANCE BETWEEN PSO AND P&O

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hossam EL-Din ◽  
S.S Mekhamer ◽  
Hadi M.El-Helw
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Very High

This paper shows a Comparison between Conventional Method [P&O] and particle swarm optimization [PSO] Based on MPPT Algorithms for Photovoltaic Systems under uniform irradiance and temperature. The main idea is to show that PSO method has a very high tracking speed and has the ability to track MPP under different environmental conditions in addition to an easy hardware implementation using a low-cost microcontroller. MATLAB simulations are carried out under very challenging conditions, namely irradiance and temperature, which reflect a change in the load [KW]. The proposed PSO tracking method Results will be compared with conventional method called [P&O] through MATLAB/SIMULINK.

scholarly journals Immigrant women, nature and mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372
Author(s):  
Catherine Anne Nicole Lorentzen ◽  
Berit Viken
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Effective Strategies

Purpose There is a need for cost-effective strategies to counteract mental health challenges among immigrant women. This study aims to identify how nature might improve the mental health status of immigrant women residing in Norway. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were gathered through individual interviews with 14 immigrant women from Iran (2), Poland (2), Palestine, Afghanistan, Congo, Kenya, Thailand, Russia, Portugal, Latvia, Colombia and Bulgaria. Findings The qualitative content analysis revealed that interaction with nature positively influenced the immigrant women’s mental health. This occurred because of the following: exposure to nature itself, leading to mood enhancements; familiarization with the new country’s culture, nature, climate and language, facilitating feelings of mastery, attachment and belonging; social interactions, promoting immediate well-being and future social support; interacting with nature in familiar ways, reducing feelings of alienation/loss; and physical activity, improving mood and stress-related conditions. These mental health improvements were a result of interactions with various types of natural environments. Originality/value This study supports the promotion of interaction with nature among immigrant women as part of low-cost public health work. Practitioners should consider multiple arenas for potential nature-related mental health gains.

Design and implementation of system-on-chip for peripheral component interconnect express encryption card based on multiple algorithms

Circuit World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Kuilin ◽  
Feng Xi ◽  
Fu Yingchun ◽  
Liu Liang ◽  
Feng Wennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
System On Chip ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Peripheral Component Interconnect ◽  
On Chip

Purpose The data protection is always a vital problem in the network era. High-speed cryptographic chip is an important part to ensure data security in information interaction. This paper aims to provide a new peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) encryption card solution with high performance, high integration and low cost. Design/methodology/approach This work proposes a System on Chip architecture scheme of high-speed cryptographic chip for PCIe encryption card. It integrated CPU, direct memory access, the national and international cipher algorithm (data encryption standard/3 data encryption standard, Rivest–Shamir–Adleman, HASH, SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4, SM7), PCIe and other communication interfaces with advanced extensible interface-advanced high-performance bus three-level bus architecture. Findings This paper presents a high-speed cryptographic chip that integrates several high-speed parallel processing algorithm units. The test results of post-silicon sample shows that the high-speed cryptographic chip can achieve Gbps-level speed. That means only one single chip can fully meet the requirements of cryptographic operation performance for most cryptographic applications. Practical implications The typical application in this work is PCIe encryption card. Besides server’s applications, it can also be applied in terminal products such as high-definition video encryption, security gateway, secure routing, cloud terminal devices and industrial real-time monitoring system, which require high performance on data encryption. Social implications It can be well applied on many other fields such as power, banking, insurance, transportation and e-commerce. Originality/value Compared with the current strategy of high-speed encryption card, which mostly uses hardware field-programmable gate arrays or several low-speed algorithm chips through parallel processing in one printed circuit board, this work has provided a new PCIe encryption card solution with high performance, high integration and low cost only in one chip.

Efficient Hardware Implementation of KMAP+: An Ultralightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Mujahid ◽  
M. Najam-ul-Islam ◽  
Madiha Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mutual Authentication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
Attack Model ◽  
Mutual Authentication Protocol

Internet of Things (IoTs) are becoming one of the integral parts of our lives, as all of the modern devices including pervasive systems use internet for its connectivity with the rest of the world. The Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) provides unique identification and nonline of sight capabilities, therefore plays a very important role in development of IoTs. However, the RFID systems incorporate wireless channel for communication, therefore have some allied risks to the system from threat agents. In order to prevent the system from malicious activities in a cost effective way, numerous Ultralightweight Mutual Authentication Protocols (UMAPs) have been proposed since last decade. These UMAPs mainly involve simple bitwise logical operators such as XOR, AND, OR, etc., in their designs and can be implemented with extremely low cost RFID tags. However, most of the UMAP designers didn’t provide the proper hardware approximations of their UMAPs and presented only theoretical results which mostly mislead the reader. In this paper, we have addressed this problem by reporting our experiences with FPGA and ASIC-based implementation of UMAP named psuedo Kasami code-based Mutual Authentication Protocol (KMAP[Formula: see text]. Further, we have also improved the structure of the KMAP protocol to overcome the previously highlighted attack model. The hardware implementation results show that KMAP[Formula: see text] successfully conform to EPC-C1G2 tags and can be implemented using less than 4[Formula: see text]K GE (for 32-bit word length).

BisGMA/EPDM/amine functionalised MWCNTs based nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Pritam Praharaj ◽  
Dibakar Behera ◽  
Tapan Kumar Bastia ◽  
Arun Kumar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrical Materials ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the development and study properties of bisphenol-A glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) and ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) blend-based nanocomposites containing amine-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2) as a compatibiliser. Design/methodology/approach – First, BisGMA was synthesised from epoxy and methacrylic acid followed by the amine functionalisation of MWCNTs. A novel two-roll milling technique was then conducted to prepare nanocomposite specimens with MWCNT-NH2 as compatibiliser. Effect of MWCNT-NH2 content on the mechanical, thermal, electrical, corrosive and water absorption properties of the nanocomposites was investigated and results have been reported. Findings – The results of the present work reveal that MWCNT-NH2 acts as a potential compatibiliser and nanofiller in BisGMA/EPDM blend-based nanocomposites. The authors report here that the nanocomposites exhibit improved mechanical, thermal and electrical properties with increased addition of MWCNT-NH2. Moreover, desirable results are obtained at 5 phr of nanofiller loading beyond which the properties deteriorate due to particle agglomeration. The nanocomposites display negligible corrosion and water absorption characteristics. Thus, the above fabricated nanocomposites with optimum compatibiliser content can serve as low-cost structural, thermal and electrical materials which can also be utilised in corrosive and moist environments. Research limitations/implications – The present investigation has come up with the successful and cost-effective fabrication of BisGMA/EPDM blend-based nanocomposites with optimum nanofiller/compatibiliser (MWCNT-NH2) content that can be used for a wide range of structural, thermal and electrical projects, as it is corrosion and moisture resistant. It is also the most durable from the mechanical point of view. Originality/value – The above nanocomposites have never been designed before.

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