Gendered geographical inequalities in junior high school enrollment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ansong ◽  
Chesworth Brittney Renwick ◽  
Moses Okumu ◽  
Eric Ansong ◽  
Cedrick Joseph Wabwire
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
National Level ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Parity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the spatial patterns of gender inequality in junior high school enrollment and the educational resource investments associated with the spatial trends. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses data on 170 districts in Ghana and hot spot analysis based on the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, linear regression, and geographically weighted regression to assess spatial variability in gender parity in junior high school enrollment and its association with resource allocation. Findings The results reveal rural-urban and north-south variability in gender parity. Results show that educational resources contribute to gender parity. At the national level, educational expenditure, and the number of classrooms, teachers, and available writing places have the strongest positive associations with girls’ enrollment. These relationships are spatially moderated, such that predominantly rural and Northern districts experience the most substantial benefits of educational investments. Practical implications The findings show that strategic allocation of infrastructure, financial, and human resources through local governments holds promise for a more impactful and sustainable educational development of all children, regardless of gender. Besides seeking solutions that address the lack of resources at the national level, there is a need for locally tailored efforts to remove the barriers to equitable distribution of educational resources across gender and socioeconomic groups. Originality/value This paper’s use of advanced spatial analysis techniques allows for in-depth examination of gender parity and investments in educational resources, and highlights the spatial nuances in how such investments predict gender disparities in junior high school enrollment. The findings speak to the need for targeted and localized efforts to address gender and geographical disparities in educational opportunities.

Rural education across China’s 40 years of reform: past successes and future challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Jingjing Tang ◽  
Guanminjia Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Rural Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Schooling ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the policy and trends in rural education in China over the past 40 years; and also discuss a number of challenges that are faced by China’s rural school system. Design/methodology/approach The authors use secondary data on policies and trends over the past 40 years for preschool, primary/junior high school, and high school. Findings The trends over the past 40 years in all areas of rural schooling have been continually upward and strong. While only a low share of rural children attended preschool in the 1980s, by 2014 more than 90 percent of rural children were attending. The biggest achievement in compulsory education is that the rise in the number of primary students that finish grade 6 and matriculate to junior high school. There also was a steep rise of those going to and completing high school. While the successes in upscaling rural education are absolutely unprecedented, there are still challenges. Research limitations/implications This is descriptive analysis and there is not causal link established between policies and rural schooling outcomes. Practical implications The authors illustrate one of the most rapid rises of rural education in history and match the achievements up with the policy efforts of the government. The authors also explore policy priorities that will be needed in the coming years to raise the quality of schooling. Originality/value This is the first paper that documents both the policies and the empirical trends of the success that China has created in building rural education from preschool to high school during the first 40 years of reform (1978-2018). The paper also documents – drawing on the literature and the own research – the achievements and challenges that China still face in the coming years, including issues of gender, urbanization, early childhood education and health and nutrition of students.

scholarly journals Analiza zróżnicowania wiedzy absolwentów gimnazjów w latach 2002-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Anna Błaczkowska
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Junior High ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
School Level ◽  
Exam Scores

The aim of the article is to apply selected methods of econometrics (dynamic and spatial) for analysis and assessment of knowledge and skills of junior high schools graduates in the years 2002-2013. In particular, the objective of the analyses was to answer the following questions:-        How did junior high school students cope with the tasks and issues contained in the exam in the part concerned with mathematics and natural sciences as well as in the humanities part in subsequent years?-        Are there any differences in the results obtained in the exams in the sub-periods of the twelve years under discussion?-        Are there any differences in the exam results in the individual sub-periods between voivodships and the parts of the exam?In the analyses, data were used obtained from Student Achievement Analysis Team operating at the Institute for Educational Research[1] which made it possible not only to assess the dynamic changes in the graduates’ exam scores but also to conduct their spatial analysis by voivodships. Linear trend was used for the dynamics analysis, whereas for the studies of spatial changes, the k-means classification method was employed.The analysis showed certain regularities present in the scores achieved by the junior high school graduates:-        There was a systematic decline in the graduates’ performance in mathematics and natural sciences in all voivodships in the period under study.-        The division of the years 2002-2013 into three periods – good, medium and poor results of junior high school graduates – had no clear impact on the diversification amongst voivodships.-        Students from the voivodships of south-eastern Poland achieved better exam scores in mathematics and natural sciences, and humanities.The analysis has cognitive and applicative value. It can be used by local governments in their decision-making process relating to the improvement of the quality of educational services at the junior high school level.[1] http://pwe.ibe.edu.pl/ [accessed on 20.09.2015]

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES NEEDS MANAGEMENT BASED ON POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS JAMBI PROVINCE OF 2023

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zawaqi Afdal Jamil ◽  
Imam Arifaillah Huda ◽  
Bayu Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
The City

This study aims to develop a pattern of planning for educational facilities in the education management system in Jambi Province based on the projection of population growth in Jambi Province in 2023. The method used in this study is the quantitative method. The data collection method was carried out by literature study, and secondary data study from the Central Statistics Agency of Jambi Province. The results showed that the projected population growth in 2023 experienced different trends in each district and city. Population growth projections provide a real picture of school needs for junior high school & senior high school. This trend indicates a strong direction of management functionalization in planning aspects for local governments to meet the needs of educational facilities junior high school & senior high school which are relatively balanced with the population. Analysis of the results of the calculation of the number of school availability with the population in each region is relatively less balanced. This happens because one of the main factors, namely planning for school needs, is not based on information and projected data for calculating population growth in the area. The results showed that the areas that did not need to add junior high schools until 2023 were Kerinci, Merangin, Sarolangun, Batanghari, Muaro Jambi, East Tanjung Jabung, West Tanjung Jabung, Tebo, Bungo districts. On the other hand, the areas that require an additional number of junior high schools are the City of Jambi as many as 32 and the City of Sungai Penuh with 3 schools. For the senior high school, all districts in Jambi Province require additional schools. Therefore, it is suggested to the Government and Regional Governments to develop plans based on population growth projections so that there is an even distribution of educational facilities so that inequality between regions can be minimized..Key words: population growth projections, educational facilities, management, planning

scholarly journals Effectiveness of modified health belief model-based intervention to reduce body mass index for age in overweight junior high school students in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waraporn Khumros ◽  
Arnond Vorayingyong ◽  
Siriluck Suppapitiporn ◽  
Thanapoom Rattananupong ◽  
Vitool Lohsoonthorn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belief Model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of a modified HBM-based intervention to reduce body mass index (BMI) for age in overweight junior high school students.Design/methodology/approachA cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in the first and second years of a junior high school in the center of Thailand. In total, 24 classrooms were randomly assigned to a modified health belief model intervention arm (HBMIA), and 24 classrooms were randomly assigned to a traditional school health education arm (control). In total, 479 students who were overweight (BMI forage = median +1 SD, aged 12–15 years) participated in the study. The HBMIA used the health belief model (HBM) as a motivator for behavioral strategies that included modifying diet and participating in physical activity. BMI, health knowledge and behavior for preventing obesity were recorded at baseline and at six months. A multilevel regression model was performed to calculate mean difference between HBMIA and control group.FindingsThe students who participated in the HBMIA showed a decrease in BMI of 1.76 kg/m2, while those who participated in the control showed an increase in BMI of 1.13 kg/m2, with a mean difference of –2.88 kg/m2(95% CI =–3.01 to –2.75), an improvement in health knowledge (mean difference 27.28; 95% CI =26.15–28.41) and an improvement in health behavior (mean difference 23.54; 95% CI =22.60–24.48).Originality/valueA modified HBM-based intervention to reduce BMI for age is effective in overweight junior high school students.

scholarly journals La perception des enseignants et des élèves sur l’examen normalisé et le contrôle continu pour la matière de science de la vie et de la terre

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
El Janous Youssra ◽  
Laafou Mohamed ◽  
Jannati-Idrissi Rachid ◽  
Madrane Mourad
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
National Level ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
High School Certificate

Pour obtenir le certificat d’études primaires, secondaires collégiales ou secondaires qualifiants l’élève doit passer un examen normalisé au niveau régional ou au niveau national, dans les différentes matières enseignées. Dans cet article, nous avons traité les notes de la matière science de la vie et de la terre de l’examen normalisé et de contrôle continu. Cette étude menée auprès de 267 enseignants de cette matière (SVT), répartis sur un nombre important des établissements (secondaire collégiale, secondaire qualifiant), vise à comparer entre les notes du contrôle continu et les notes de l’examen normalisé régional et national, réaliser un diagnostic et une analyse de la réalité des notes obtenues dans la matière de SVT au secondaire collégial ou qualifiant, et identifier les perceptions des enseignants ainsi que des élèves sur les notes obtenues. L’ensemble des résultats de cette recherche permet de déterminer le niveau de l’échec scolaire dans cette matière.   To obtain the primary school, junior high and high school certificate, the student must pass a standardized test at a regional or at a national level in the various taught subjects. In this article, we have covered the life science and earth science subject marks of both the standardized exam and continuous assessment. This study, conducted among 267 teachers of this subject (SVT), spreading over a large number of establishments (junior high school, secondary school), aims to compare the scores of the continuous assessment and the scores of the regional and national standardized examination, to achieve a diagnosis and analysis of the reality of the grades obtained in the SVT subject in college secondary or qualifying secondary, and to identify the perceptions of teachers of this subject as well as students on the obtained grades. All the results of this research allowed us to determine the level of failure in this subject.

A National Sample of Eighth-Grade Students: The Impact of Middle Grade Schools on Academic and Psychosocial Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Cappella ◽  
Kate Schwartz ◽  
Jennifer Hill ◽  
Ha Yeon Kim ◽  
Edward Seidman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
National Sample ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Middle Grade ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Writing Competence ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the effect of attending a U.S. public middle or junior high school as compared with a K-8 school on eighth graders’ academic and psychosocial outcomes. In a national sample, we conducted propensity score weighted regression analysis. Initial findings indicated that for eighth-grade students, attending a middle or junior high school negatively affected teacher- and self-reported reading/writing competence. After applying population weights, only reading self-concept remained negatively affected by middle school enrollment. Exploratory analysis revealed the negative effects of attending a middle grade school may be present only for the students who enter kindergarten not at risk as measured by socioeconomic status (SES) or academic performance. Taken together, results suggest that negative impacts of middle grade schooling may be limited to teacher- and self-reported reading/writing competence, more pronounced in middle versus junior high school, and more salient for less disadvantaged students. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals 2020 National Level Junior High School/Madrasah Library Competiton

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Fathmi Fathmi ◽  
Arief Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
National Level ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
National Library ◽  
Central Java ◽  
East Kalimantan

Background of the study: The National Library of Indonesia organizes competition for high school/madrasah libraries in the form of the High School/Madrasah Library Competition. In 2020, online competitions were organized due to the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. Purpose: The problem in this research is the point of view of the jury and the participants on the implementation of the High School/Madrasah Library Contest. Method: The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that the top three winners of the competition from 2017-2020 were high school/madrasah libraries from the Yogyakarta, Riau, Central Java, East Java and East Kalimantan regions. Findings: The jury of the 2020 high school/madrasah library competition considered that the online competition was not good enough and the majority of the jury wanted the 2021 competition to be held offline. Meanwhile, the 2020 high school/madrasah library competition participants considered that the online competition was good and half of the participants wanted the 2021 competition to be held offline. However, the jury's opinion was in line with the participants that it should took longer time for the competition assessment process. Conclusion: The online competition is a solution to the Covid-19 pandemic, but the judges feel that they are unable to see the data needed to give an participants feel they are unable to show the evidence needed 

scholarly journals INVENTARISASI BEST PRACTICES PENGELOLAAN PENDIDIKAN DI TINGKAT SEKOLAH (SMP NEGERI I TAMBUN SELATAN)

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (VII) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Bedjo Sujanto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
National Level ◽  
School Level ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of Parents

The objective of this research is to describe stocktaking of best practices in educational management at school level. The research is conducted at Goverment Junior High School I (SMP Negeri) in Southern Tambun in the school year of 2004/2005. The most important finding in the government junior high school is that the school is able to empower the role of parents and society optimally particularly in providing fund to gain the best achievement. The success of education provision by empowering the role of parent and society optimally can be predicted if there is no wrong decision taken by the leaders. The decision is effective if all human factors as supervisors of all activities get strategic positions. To appoint human resources in the strategic position will produce strategic programs which will give a larger opportunity for success. The research finding can have implication on the efforts in sustaining the trust of parents and society around the school, so that the schools can have better quality at national level.

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