Rural education across China’s 40 years of reform: past successes and future challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Jingjing Tang ◽  
Guanminjia Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Rural Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Schooling ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the policy and trends in rural education in China over the past 40 years; and also discuss a number of challenges that are faced by China’s rural school system. Design/methodology/approach The authors use secondary data on policies and trends over the past 40 years for preschool, primary/junior high school, and high school. Findings The trends over the past 40 years in all areas of rural schooling have been continually upward and strong. While only a low share of rural children attended preschool in the 1980s, by 2014 more than 90 percent of rural children were attending. The biggest achievement in compulsory education is that the rise in the number of primary students that finish grade 6 and matriculate to junior high school. There also was a steep rise of those going to and completing high school. While the successes in upscaling rural education are absolutely unprecedented, there are still challenges. Research limitations/implications This is descriptive analysis and there is not causal link established between policies and rural schooling outcomes. Practical implications The authors illustrate one of the most rapid rises of rural education in history and match the achievements up with the policy efforts of the government. The authors also explore policy priorities that will be needed in the coming years to raise the quality of schooling. Originality/value This is the first paper that documents both the policies and the empirical trends of the success that China has created in building rural education from preschool to high school during the first 40 years of reform (1978-2018). The paper also documents – drawing on the literature and the own research – the achievements and challenges that China still face in the coming years, including issues of gender, urbanization, early childhood education and health and nutrition of students.

Tips for Beginners: Method—computation—answer

1956 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Humphrey C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
The Past

For the past ten or more years I have used, at Grosse Pointe, Michigan, a method which I have found effective in improving the arithmetical solution of verbal problems by junior high school pupils. A regular-sized sheet of notebook paper is ruled into three columns by making a narrow column about one inch wide at the extreme right of the paper, and dividing the balance of the paper into two equal columns.

Why Teach Mathematics?

1945 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
H. Van Engen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
General Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common School ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Grade Program ◽  
The Common

During the past decade, certain areas in the curricula of the common school have been relatively static while other areas have been modified, in some cases, to the extreme. In the first few grades of the elementary school one finds numerous changes that have taken place and are still taking place. Many of these changes are indeed significant, particularly in arithmetic. In the middle elementary grades one finds a diminishing of the number and importance of the changes as compared with those of the lower grades. Again in the junior high school much has been done to adapt materials to the needs of the age. In mathematics adjustments have been made particularly at this level. Yet in spite of the fact that the mathematics of the junior high school has been modified to meet the needs of general education, one finds the attacks continuing, especially those directed at tenth grade mathematics which has not been altered as much as the ninth grade program.

scholarly journals Kondisi Pendidikan Pekerja Anak Usia Sekolah Di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelya Hilda
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
District Government ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Out Of School

This research is based on the problems on low economy of the societies that make the children help their parents to have working to fulfill their needs. Meanwhile, children still need to play and to study, it is not their responsible to join to handle the needs of their economy. The purposes of this research are to know the condition of education of the children workers in TPA Batu Bola Padangsidimpuan. Beside, the researcher also wanted to know the factors caused them doing work in that place, and the parents and government effort to protect the children. The research is qualitative descriptive. The informant are children workers (pick workers/pemulung), their parents, as the primer source and other pick workers, and the district government (lurah) as the secondary source. The instruments used are questionnaires, interview, observation, adn documentation. Based on the research, it is found that the children are 12 persons from Junior High School (40%), 9 persons from Junior High School (30%), 2 persons from Senior High School (6.67%), and out of school 7 persons (23.33%). The main factors that make them work is because of the pressure of the economic needs. The reasons are asked by their parents (80%), their wants (13.33%), and asked by their friends (6.67%).  The parents effort by giving advises to their children, and the government didnot have hard regulation and solution in order to make them always in that condition.

scholarly journals Review and Reflection on the Research of Mathematics Problems in Junior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Li
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
High School Mathematics ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Master's Thesis

The problem of mathematics is an important teaching method of students' core qualities cultivation. Statistics and analysis of The master's thesis related to "junior high school mathematics" and "problem posing" in the past ten years were counted and analyzed from chronological distribution, institutional distribution and research topics and other dimensions. The research results: ignorance of domestic research on the textbook content; formalization of problem raising under the the guidance of theory; the opposite direction of demonstration and qualitative research; fuzzy and superficial results and countermeasures of research. Research reflection: broaden thoughts of the field, attach importance to the study of textbook content, and enhance the expression of the teacher’s question raising; deepen the guiding ideas, reiterate the theory to guide the practice, reflect the complement of the theoretical practice; be rigorous about thoughts, attach importance to empirical and quantitive combination, improve scientific and appropriate research methods;  develop the logical thinking, focus on the study of results and countermeasures, and manifest the value of research results.

scholarly journals Character education in English package books for Islamic Junior High School students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Wahyuningsih Usadiati ◽  
Maida Norahmi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Government ◽  
Character Building

The research is an inventory aimed at identifying and categorizing the character values in the English package books for students of Islamic Junior High School or Madrasah Tsanawiyah by considering their relevance to Islamic character values in the Quran and Hadits. The method used was content analysis following Bogdan and Biklen model by analyzing, grouping, sorting, and synthesizing the values taken from the package books to draw the patterns.  The patterns were discussed to conclude the final findings to be disseminated as the list of inventory.  The main data source was the English package books published by the government and the supporting data were the Core Competencies taken from Curriculum 2013 for Junior High School (SMP) and Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) or Islamic Junior High School students. There are 10 values inserted in the package books that are relevant to the Islamic religious characters. The result showed various English expressions relevant to Islamic character values which have a long-term and sustainable effect as a reference for character building by English teachers in developing English supplementary materials for Islamic Junior High School students.

scholarly journals NATIONALISM-ORIENTED INTERACTIVE MATERIALS FOR NEWS ITEMS LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Ixsir Eliya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
National Language ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
News Item ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
The Government

The values of nationalism can be integrated into instructional materials as a way to achieve competence standards set by the government. This study aimed to produce nationalism-oriented interactive materials for news item learning in junior high school. This study employed a research and development design that consisted of seven stages, including data analysis, product design, prototype development, expert validation, product revision, small-group tryout, and final model revision. The result of the analysis showed that the interactive materials could meet the teacher’s and students’ needs in learning news item and the development of the product was in line with the principle of instructional material development. The interactive instructional materials were packaged in a compact disk (CD) containing an application called Macromedia Flash. The values of nationalism integrated in the instructional materials include the pride in the national language which is Indonesian Language, the love for the country, the spirit of preserving national songs, heroism, discipline, and hard work. These values were embedded in the form of visual, audio, or audiovisual media that can be displayed in the classroom and thus used to study listening.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Teachers’ Performance in Terms of Pedagogic Competence and Professional Competence in Unesa Labschool Junior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah Putri Wahyuningtyas ◽  
Warih Handayaningrum ◽  
Eni Wuryani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Academic Qualification ◽  
The Government

This study was conducted to find out the description of the evaluation of the performance of Unesa Labschool Junior High School Kawung teachers in terms of pedagogical and professional competencies. The method used is qualitative research because it aims to obtain in-depth data and information, so that the goal of knowing and evaluating teacher performance can be achieved. This type of research is an evaluative research, that is, research to look for gaps between real conditions and expectations as determined by existing standards.Subjects in this study were the principal, teachers and students of Unesa Labschool Junior High School Kawung.This study was conducted in the odd semester of the 2019-2020 school year. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documents. The data analysis technique used in this study was an interactive analysis model consisting of three components, namely data reduction, triangulation, data presentation and conclusion making. The results of this study indicate that teacher performance viewed from pedagogical competencies has generally run well and accorded to the academic qualifications and teacher’s competency standards set by the government. However, the weaknesses of teachers that are still very visible are in creativity in the application of learning both methods and strategies, or in making learning media to support teaching and learning activities. Furthermore, the use of technology is still low and most teachers still use conventional methods in teaching. Whereas teacher performance in terms of professional competence is still not in accordance with academic qualification standards and teacher competencies set by the government. There are still weaknesses in the development of creativity related to media or teaching aids that support learning. In addition, the low implementation of Classroom Action Research (CAR) serves to improve the professionalism of teachers themselves. And the last is the utilization of information and communication technology for personal development that has not been maximized.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di SMP Negeri Kota Ambon

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Gesia Mira Urlialy ◽  
Kurniawati Kurniawati ◽  
Nurzengky Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Cipp Model ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Process Component

This study aims to evaluate historical learning programs that are integrated in social science to provide information on the extent of achievement of historical material integrated in social studies using the evaluative approach of the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, and Product). This research was conducted at Ambon City Junior High School VII grade. The findings in this study on the context component indicate that the level of actualization in four aspects is moderate; in the input component the actualization level in three low aspects and two aspects shows the level of moderate actualization. In the input component the level of actualization in supporting the implementation of social studies learning in two low aspects and three moderate asepek. In the process component, the level of actualization in the implementation of social studies, especially historical material; and on the product component the actualization level of student learning outcomes is very high. Based on this research, it can be concluded that history learning integrated in social studies at Ambon City Junior High School in class VII is not optimal. Improvements need to be made - reforms by the principal, teachers and the government to support historical learning programs integrated in social studies. Keywords: Learning Social Sciences, History, CIPP Model, Program Evaluation.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program pembelajaran sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam ilmu pengetahuan sosial untuk memberikan informasi sejauh mana ketercapaian dari materi sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam IPS dengan menggunakan pendekatan evaluatif model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Kota Ambon kelas VII. Temuan dalam penelitian ini pada komponen konteks menunjukkan bahwa tingkat aktualisasi pada empat aspek sedang; pada komponen input tingkat aktualisasi pada tiga aspek rendah dan dua aspek menunjukkan tingkat aktualisasi sedang. Pada komponen input tingkat aktualisasi dalam menunjang pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS sejarah pada dua aspek rendah dan tiga asepek sedang. Pada komponen proses tingkat aktualisasi dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS khusunya materi sejarah sedang; dan pada komponen produk tingkat aktualisasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam IPS di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Kota Ambon kelas VII belum optimal. Perlu dilakukan pembenahan – pembenahan oleh pihak kepala sekolah, guru dan pemerintah untuk mendukung program pembelajaran sejarah yang terintegrasi dalam IPS. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Sejarah, Model CIPP, Evaluasi Program.

scholarly journals PERAMPASAN HAK PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM IKATAN PERKAWINAN USIA ANAK DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN (Analisis Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2012)

Vidya Karya ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Yuni Kartika ◽  
Muhajir Darwin ◽  
Sukamdi Sukamdi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage

Abstract. This study aimed to find out the deprivation of women's education right in the bond of child age marriage in the province of South Kalimantan. The design of the study was cross-sectional study using data Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012. The right of women education in this study is the educational attainment and achievement of nine-year compulsory education of 15-49 years old women. The age of first marriage is divided into three categories, namely under 18 years, 18-20 years and above 20 years. The population of this study in accordance with the population on the IDHS 2012 in South Kalimantan. Analysis of the data using the percentage distribution and Chi Square test. The highest percentage of women at first marriage age under 18 years, 18-20 years and over 20 years in a row namely ungraduated of primary school (38.81%), ungraduated of junior high school (30.32%) and graduate of junior high school (33.86 %). The highest percentage of first marriage age under 18 years old and 18-20 years old at is similar, namely not achieving the nine years compulsory (93.84% and 71.48%), while the highest percentage age of first marriage of women over 20-year is achieving the nine year cumpolsary (56.65%). Keywords: deprivation, women's education right, marriage age Abstrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui perampasan hak pendidikan perempuan dalam ikatan perkawinan usia anak di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Rancangan penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2012. Hak pendidikan perempuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pencapaian pendidikan dan pencapaian wajib belajar sembilan tahun perempuan 15-49 tahun. Usia perkawinan pertama dibagi tiga kategori, yaitu di bawah 18 tahun, 18-20 tahun dan di atas 20 tahun. Populasi tulisan ini sesuai dengan populasi pada SDKI 2012 di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.  Analisis data menggunakan distribusi prosentase dan  uji Chi Square. Prosentase tertinggi usia perkawinan pertama perempuan di bawah 18 tahun, 18-20 tahun dan di atas 20 tahun berturut-turut yaitu tidak tamat SD (38,81 %), tidak tamat SMP (30,32 %) dan Tamat SMP (33,86 %). Usia perkawinan pertama di bawah 18 tahun dan 18-20 tahun prosentase tertingginya sama, yaitu tidak tercapainya wajib belajar sembilan tahun (93,84 % dan 71,48 %), sedangkan usia perkawinan pertama perempuan di atas 20 tahun tertinggi pada tercapainya wajib belajar sembilan tahun (56,65 %). Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa perkawinan usia anak perempuan mayoritas tidak mencapai wajib belajar sembilan tahun. Artinya ikatan perkawinan usia anak telah merampas hak pendidikan perempuan di Kalimantan Selatan.  Kata kunci: perampasan, hak pendidikan perempuan, perkawinan usia anak 

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