The interaction matrix: from individual goal-setting to the four modes of coexistence

Kybernetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Nechansky
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Interaction Matrix ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Social Units ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how individual acts of goal-setting of two persons or systems A and B determine, which modes of coexistence become possible in an interaction of the two. Design/methodology/approach – Some person or system A can approach another person or system B with an inclination to realize one of four goal-setting processes: first, A sets goals for B; second, A sets no own goals; third, A pursues own goals alone; and fourth, A and B develop mutual goals. And an interaction of A and B can lead to just four modes of coexistence: first, conflict – A and B fight; second, hierarchy – A submits to B; third, independence in niches – A and B do not interact; and fourth, cooperation – A and B work together. Findings – Placing the inclinations of A and B to realize one of the four goal-setting processes in a 4×4 matrix leads to the interaction matrix. It shows that individual goal-setting processes predetermine and limit the available modes of coexistence, i.e. cause certain patterns of interactions. Practical implications – The interaction matrix can be applied to all interactions between persons, groups and social units generally. Originality/value – The paper introduces a theoretical framework covering all options of goal-orientated behavior. It explains the interrelation between individual goal-setting of persons and systems and the resulting behavioral options in interactions. It is applicable to all behavioral sciences.

The four modes of coexistence in psychology and group dynamics

Kybernetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Nechansky
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how behavioral descriptions in psychology and group dynamics can be related to four goal-setting processes and to four mode of existence. Design/methodology/approach – Some person A can approach a person B with an inclination to realize one of four goal-setting processes: (1) A sets goals for B; (2) A sets no own goals; (3) A pursues own goals alone; (4) A and B develop mutual goals. Depending on their choice of inclinations an interaction of A and B can lead to four modes of coexistence: (1) Conflict – A and B fight; (2) Hierarchy – A submits to B; (3) Independence in niches – A and B do not interact; (4) Cooperation – A and B work together. The paper investigates how these theoretical options – four inclinations for different goal-set processes and four modes of coexistence – show in behavioral descriptions in psychology and group dynamics. Findings – Psychic states studied in psychology (e.g. by Freud, Berne, Horney) can be related to one of the four inclinations. Interaction patterns studied in group dynamics (e.g. by Steiner, Schindler, Bion) describe aspects of the four modes of coexistence. Practical implications – Behavioral descriptions of various schools of psychology and group dynamics can be classified according to theoretically derivable basic options of goal-orientated behavior. Originality/value – The paper shows the application of a theoretical framework covering all options of goal-orientated behavior available in the behavioral sciences.

scholarly journals Whole community co-production: a full picture behind the successful COVID-19 response in S. Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwon Yeo ◽  
Eun Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine and understand South Korea’s (S. Korea) COVID-19 response operations, a notable case for other countries to emulate, and suggest some practical implications for other countries struggling with coping with the current pandemic. Design/methodology/approach To examine the case, the authors propose a new theoretical framework based on concepts of the whole community approach in the emergency management field and on co-production in public administration studies, and use the theoretical framework to analyze the details of S. Korea’s whole community co-production for COVID-19 response. Findings The findings demonstrate that the successful pandemic response in S. Korea is attributable to a nationwide whole community co-production among multiple actors, including government, various industries, sectors, jurisdictions and even individual citizens, within and across relevant public service and public policy domains. Originality/value This study suggests a new theoretical framework, whole community co-production, which contributes to the conceptual advancement of co-production in the field of public administration and a whole community approach in the field of emergency and crisis management. The framework also suggests practical implications for other countries to integrate whole community coproduction that may transform current response operations to cope with COVID-19.

Reverberations in the Torrens system: a new Land Transfer Act in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Toomey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose On 12 November 2018, New Zealand's Land Transfer Act 2017 came into force. The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint some of the significant changes in the Act that challenge the fundamental concepts of the Torrens system of registration. Design/methodology/approach The paper addresses three significant reforms: a definition of land transfer fraud; the concept of immediate indefeasibility with limited judicial discretion and its impact on volunteers and the Gibbs v. Messer anomaly; and the compensation regime. Case studies illustrate the effect of these changes. Findings The limited legislative definition of fraud reflects the common law and allows for any necessary flexibility. The new Act reiterates the principle of immediate indefeasibility but qualifies it with the introduction of some judicial discretion. This is a novel concept for the courts and will undoubtedly be dealt with cautiously. The author voices some disquiet with regard to some of the guidelines set out in s 55(4) of the Act. The compensation provisions introduce an element of an owner's culpability. An owner now runs the risk of reduced compensation if there has been a lack of proper care. Research limitations/implications The implications of this research are fundamental for New Zealand's land transfer system. Practical implications The limited judicial discretion will challenge the courts of New Zealand. The new compensation provisions will ensure that an owner's carelessness will be accountable. Originality/value This study is one of the first to analyse the Land Transfer Act 2017 (New Zealand). Its value extends beyond New Zealand shores as it has implications for global land transfer systems.

Business travel: a perspective paper

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Berendien Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief perspective on the growth of business travel over the past 60 years and how it may unfold in the future, highlighting certain themes and noting limitations in the research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on selected academic literature and industry sources on business travel which briefly reviews its growth and directions of research in this field. Practical implications The paper distinguishes between different types of business travel and provides a bird's eye view of the future. Originality/value The review distinguishes between different forms of business travel and concludes that greater clarity of the business travel concept will enable research to be conducted within a properly defined theoretical framework.

At what level is your organization managing knowledge?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galati
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to combine different perspectives concerning knowledge management (KM), thus developing a theoretical framework that could be used, as a basic strategic tool, both to control and to plan KM level of implementation. Design/methodology/approach – Bringing together previous research in KM and providing an analysis of the main issues discussed in the literature, an integrative framework for evaluating the level of implementation of knowledge management within organizations is proposed. Findings – The major contribution is the final theoretical framework proposed, which allows the possibility to dynamically analyze the evolution of the KM maturity level of an organization, thus assuming a relevant strategic importance. Research limitations/implications – The model proposed provides only the basis for an extensive analysis on the topic. Further research could focus on the quantitative development of the suggested framework. Practical implications – The paper is very useful in practical terms. From a static perspective, a manager can use the resulted framework as a strategic tool able to portray the level of implementation of KM within his organization. From a dynamic perspective, the framework could be adopted to analyze the evolution of the KM within the organization, thus gaining deeper understanding on the link between KM and organizational change. Originality/value – This paper presents a novel framework. Unlike previous literature on KM, this paper combined numerous perspectives in the field and provides a useful strategic tool.

Team goal-setting involves more than only goal-setting

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco António Arraya ◽  
René Pellissier ◽  
Isabel Preto
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Setting ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to research factors like task-orientation and collectivism and to examine the relationship between them and goal-setting as research construct. This research investigates the phenomena of team goal-setting in a selected sports organisation. Therefore 49 players from three Portuguese elite male handball team were selected for the study. Design/methodology/approach – Three well-known questionnaires were employed to determine the relationships between the above factors in a case setting. Task- and ego-orientation in Sport Questionnaire, the Jackson Psychological Collectivism Measure and the Goal-setting in Sport Questionnaire. Findings – The results reveal that the team and players are task-oriented, collectivist and possessing professional and personal goal habits. The correlations between questionnaire outcomes indicate that, when the team wants to set goals, it should consider the players’ orientation and the team’s collectivism. Thus team goal-setting is more than only goal-setting, because of the need for task-orientation and collectivism. Research limitations/implications – The research was conducted using three teams in a specific sports and thus cannot be generalised to the general sports environment. Yet, certainly the strength of the findings indicate that the results and conclusions may be used in a wider sports or business setting. Practical implications – This research paper should provide managers and coaches with insight into the complexity of team goal-setting. It also should provide insight into the chosen process related to human resources. Originality/value – The paper adds and demonstrates to the literature on team goal-setting the importance of task-orientation and collectivism as goal-setting mediators.

Reconciling contradictory paths: identity play and work in a career transition

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando F. Fachin ◽  
Eduardo Davel
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Denys Arcand ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the interconnection of identity play and identity work during transitions. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have conducted a 46-year longitudinal and process-based study on film director Denys Arcand. The focus is on his contested career shift from being a political documentary filmmaker to a box-office success and maker of television commercials. Films and media interviews were largely and systematically analyzed. Findings – In order to explain how to maintain a sense of authenticity in transitioning between contradictory paths, the authors highlight how identity play and identity work appear in self-fuelling interaction through four processes (fragmenting, developing, mixing, and extracting). Practical implications – The authors suggest new ways to deal with career transitions as well as identity construction in constraining environments. Originality/value – The authors offer a theoretical framework that makes it possible to combine understandings of identity play and identity work. In particular, the authors develop on how, through play, individuals can create circumstances favourable for performing identity work in the future.

Islam, communication and accounting

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
UmmeSalma Mujtaba Husein
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to explore the notion of communication in accounting and in doing so elucidates the wider connotation of accounting frontiers offered in the Islamic philosophy, reflecting upon the Islamic doctrines that are indicative towards and offer a variety of implications for communication and accounting. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from the Islamic sources – Quran and other key texts – and other relevant preceding literature, the paper deliberates key Islam principles of significance and outline what they suggest for communication in accounting. Findings Islam has a profoundly embedded concern of the communicative aspect from a holistic viewpoint that is clear within its accounting implications as well. This paper illustrates the social aspects of Islamic accounting through its stance on communication, thereby opening up the more enabling potentials of Islamic accounting informed by wider and more facilitating dimensions of Islam’s teachings: Islam’s holistic approach to life; its attentiveness on society and its various groups; and its emphasis on behavioural conduct and emotional aspects. Consideration on these principles throws into questions the Western ways, develops and hones the existing stand of hegemonic positions and submits new ways forward. Research limitations/implications Aspiring organisations and larger entities such as nations who encourage the development of Islamic economy can benefit from the added accountability of entities to encompass the social and ethical responsibilities. Practical/implications The paper highlights Islamic doctrines as a basis of just and responsible accounting communication via incorporating the macro-societal elements and the behavioural communicative aspects. Originality/value The Islamic communication principles open up the inclusion of the missing behavioural aspect from accounting communication. This paper provides the necessary theoretical framework on how to include the humane side within accounting communication.

The sustainable company: looking at goals for people, planet and profits

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Palmer ◽  
David J. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to explore the landscape of sustainability goals set by large firms. Design/methodology/approach Sustainability reports were content analyzed using the triple bottom line framework. Findings This study identified 389 goals among 22 firms. The most common goals focused on the natural environment. On average, the firms list 18 sustainability goals. These included an average of eight “planet” goals, seven “people” goals and three “overarching” goals. Practical implications This research should be useful to sustainability professionals who are setting goals for their firms and seek to understand the current landscape of goals set by large firms. Originality/value Although previous research has analyzed the content of sustainability reports, this is the first paper to explore sustainability goals. Given the importance of goal setting in strategic management, this paper fills an important gap in the intersection between sustainability and strategy.

Seizing opportunities and dodging threats with a dual operating system

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kotter
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This internationally recognized innovation expert asserts that today's organizations need a powerful new operating system to address the challenges posed by mounting complexity and rapid change. Design/methodology/approach – As a consultant to companies seeking to re-invigorate the innovation process, the author can describe how they have implemented the dual operating system – a network and a hierarchy – that he advocates. Findings – When organizations are dangerously slow to adapt to competitive threats and to pursue promising innovations, the solution to, which has been adopted successfully by many organizations, is to add a second operating system that is organized as a network that can create agility and speed. Practical implications – The author explains how all successful organizations operate with a dual system more or less during the most dynamic growth period in their life cycle, so a dual operating system will be somewhat familiar to veteran leaders. Originality/value – The organization's top management plays a crucial role in starting and maintaining the network and managing its communications with the hierarchy. For senior practitioners, the author describes the five basic principles of a well-functioning dual operating system.

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