An investigation of the control role and effectiveness of independent non-executive directors in Malaysian public listed companies

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 582-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairul Azlan Annuar ◽  
Hafiz Majdi Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Company Directors

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to ascertain the control role of independent non-executive directors (INEDs) in Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs), as prescribed in the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG).The MCCG (2000) requires substantive involvement of INEDs on the audit, nomination and remuneration board sub-committees. The study also examines the effectiveness of INEDs in discharging their monitoring roles in these sub-committees. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research design consisting of a series of interviews with board members of Malaysian-owned PLCs on the board of Bursa Malaysia was used. Findings – Interviews with 27 company directors reveal that, due to their independence, INEDs are crucial in safeguarding the interests of smaller investors if situations arise in which shareholders’ interests may be threatened. The interviews also disclose that the audit committee possesses the most authority among the sub-committees, as it derives its power not only from the Listing Requirements but also from statute, as well as being involved in areas of the company not traditionally associated with the committee. The study also reveals the differences in opinion between executive directors and INEDs with regard to the extent of INEDs’ effectiveness. Research limitations/implications – This research utilises interviews. Generalisation may be an issue when interviews are used as the method of inquiry. In addition, the sample is not random, as access to many directors is dependent on recommendations. In addition, the respondents have been consciously selected to cover various board positions, including independent and non-independent directors. Practical implications – The findings from this research suggest that INEDs are able to discharge their responsibilities in overseeing the conduct of executives and protecting the interests of investors. In addition, the interviews disclose that the effectiveness of INEDs depends on how non-executive directors view INEDs being on the board. Rather than focusing solely on their control role, INEDS are expected to have a more proactive and progressive role in ensuring sustainable growth and the expansion of the business entity. Originality/value – There are limited studies using qualitative research design in investigating the effectiveness of INEDs in the control role of the board in developing countries. Prior studies were predominantly based upon the experience of Western economies.

scholarly journals Malaysian evidence supporting theoretical integration of roles of non-executive directors

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Hairul Azlan Annuar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Company Directors ◽  
Code Of Corporate Governance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of independent non-executive directors (INEDs) in Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs), other than the control role prescribed by agency theory and reformatory documents such as the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research design, consisting of face-to-face interviews with 27 company directors of Malaysian-owned PLCs, was instigated. Findings The interviews revealed that INEDs do more than just monitor their executive counterparts. Apart from the control role, INEDs of Malaysian companies provide a conduit for mitigating uncertainties in the environment and perform invaluable services to the host companies. Research limitations/implications This research utilized interviews. Generalizations may be an issue when interviews are used as the method of inquiry. Also, the sample is not random as access to many of the interviewed directors depended on recommendations. In addition, respondents were consciously selected in order to obtain various board positions that include independent and non-independent directors. Originality/value There are limited studies using qualitative research design in investigating INEDs’ performing other roles apart from the control role of the board in developing countries. Many of previous studies and literature in this area of corporate governance were predominantly based upon experiences of western economies.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMUDA RELAWAN DEMOKRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2014 DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN POLITIK WILAYAH (STUDI PADA RELAWAN DEMOKRASI BANYUMAS, JAWA TENGAH)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Zamzam Muhammad Fuad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Education ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Qualitative Research Design

This research was going to described the role of Banyumas Democracy Volunteer ( Relawan Demokrasi Banyumas) in increasing political public partitipation in Banyumas’s legislative election 2014 and its implication to Banyumas’s political resilience. This research used qualitative research design as a research method. Data were collected by in depth review, observation and documentation. This research used purpossive sampling technique with stakeholder sampling variant to pick informants. The research showed that Banyumas Democracy Volunteer had a positive role in developing political resilience in Banyumas. Their role was gave political education and election education to voters in Banyumas. In the other words, Banyumas Democracy Volunteer had a vital role in developing ideal political resilience in Banyumas.Keywords: Banyumas Democracy Volunteer, Democracy, Election, Political Resilience of Region.

scholarly journals The role of Christian institutions in witnessing to students of the Muslim faith: The case of the University of Eastern African Baraton in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Lagat
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Basic Philosophy ◽  
New Strategies

The University of Eastern African, Baraton (UEAB) mission is concerned with providing a religious education in a holistic environment. This includes education in the gospel globally by recruiting students from all spheres including those of other faiths. The aim is witnessing to them during their four-year stay at the institution with the hope of introducing them to the Adventist faith. The main focus of this study was to establish whether the UEAB was true to its basic philosophy of witnessing to people of other faiths – in this case by engaging Muslim students. A qualitative-research design was adopted for the study. The data was collected by means of document analysis, interviews and observations. Fifteen administrators and twelve Muslim students were used for the investigation. The study investigated the strategies and channels to evangelise students from other faiths contextually, and ascertain whether the UEAB indeed is living up to its own vision and mission. Recommendations are put forward to engage students from other faiths through more personnel and, for instance, new strategies to engage the Muslims on campus through friendship evangelisation.

scholarly journals Community Supported Agriculture as a Driver of Food-Related Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Liliána Birtalan ◽  
Attila Bartha ◽  
Ágnes Neulinger ◽  
György Bárdos ◽  
Attila Oláh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

Background: There is a growing amount of research interest to understand the role of food in well-being. The demand for community supported agriculture (CSA), bringing people spatially, economically, and socially closer to food, is continuously expanding. CSAs play an important role in both sustainable agriculture practices and influencing consumers’ food-related practices, but yet have received little attention in well-being research. Methods: This study explores food-related well-being among CSA members by using an exploratory, qualitative research design and a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Results: The findings stress the relevance of psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of food-related well-being beyond the nutritional characteristics of food in CSA. Conclusion: The role of sustainable agriculture in contributing to food-related well-being becomes particularly evident based on consumers’ experiences. These results are important in convincing people that their food-related experiences belong to their perceived well-being as well as stimulating people to elevate their multidimensional expectations in relation to food.

scholarly journals Metaphor as Sea Creature Naming Strategy in Akan

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Patrick Nana Wonkyi ◽  
Patricia Beatrice Mireku-Gyimah ◽  
Grace Nana Aba Dawson-Ahmoah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Salient Features

The paper discusses the role of metaphor in the name construction of sea creatures among Akan (Mfantse) people within the purview of onomasiology. The role of metaphor in the naming of sea creatures has been understudied. This paper is a step towards filling the gap by analyzing the role metaphor plays in constructing naming units for sea creatures. This study has a qualitative research design. Twelve (12) fishers were purposely sampled, three (3) each from four fishing towns: Anomabo, Apam, Sekondi (Sekunde) and Moree (Mowure). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The paper finds that likeness between sea creatures and static and/or dynamic entities triggers names for sea creatures. It concludes that, metaphor is employed to achieve simpler forms for salient features, communicate non-codable salient features and condense multiple features in the quest to name sea creatures among the Mfantse people. Through these vital roles, a general metaphor Sea Creatures are Land Animals/Entities is realized. The encyclopedic knowledge, which the Mfantse people have about their environment is realized through their naming strategies. It is recommended that the linguistics of naming percepts in indigenous Akan occupations be explored further.

Self-employment of men supported by female breadwinners

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gather ◽  
Lena Schürmann ◽  
Heinz Zipprian
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Family

Purpose This paper aims to look at the multiple embeddedness of male self-employment by focusing on entrepreneurship of men supported by female breadwinners. Design/methodology/approach Following a qualitative research design, the paper presents three case studies drawn from a research project, where 40 narrative interviews were conducted with female and male business starters. Findings The concept of embeddedness that was developed for female business founders can also be applied and specified for business startups of men. Creating and conducting a business or becoming self-employed is for men closely related to and interwoven with gender norms, household and partnership dynamics. Men who are not the family breadwinners benefit from the male connotations of entrepreneurship. Male self-employment, even if of precarious or low pecuniary relevance, allows them to fulfill the norms of masculinity and employment. Research limitations/implications Given that this is a qualitative study only based on three case studies, more research is needed to estimate the frequency of this type of male self-employment. Originality/value The importance of the context for the decision on starting-up and conducting a business is shown for male entrepreneurs. The study demonstrates how on the household level the male entrepreneurship norm is transformed into everyday lives and fits into gender arrangements. In emphasizing the non-economic dimensions of entrepreneurship, the paper opens the discussion about the interconnections between gender and entrepreneurship for men as well.

scholarly journals An investigation into the use of Catford's shifts in translating short stories: translating english grammatical sentences into persian in focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Abdolrahman Ghateolbahr ◽  
Ehsan Mohammadinejad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Structural Shift ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Structure Unit ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Persian Translation

The present study investigated the use of Catford's shifts in the Persian translation. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used a qualitative research design to examine Catford’s Translation Shifts category (1965). The research corpus was 50 English sentences of Introductory Steps to Understanding book and its Persian translation by 100 elementary EFL learners. The findings showed that shift structure, unit shift, class shift, and in-system shifts were used by learners. Also, the most shift used by learners was a structural shift.  The findings achieved in this study indicated the applicability of shifts in translating grammatical sentences in Persian. Due to the complexity and variety of languages and their structure, the role of translation is very important. The researcher tried to prove that although education in the SL can be practical, finding equivalences for the grammatical sentences will complete it.

scholarly journals The AU/NEPAD Peace and Security Governance in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Terungwa Terwase ◽  
Asmat-Nizam Abdul-Talib ◽  
Nfor Eric Siben ◽  
Gloria Samdi Puldu ◽  
Olubukola S. Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Peace And Security

Peace and security sustainability in Africa has become a vital tool for the developmental agenda of the Africa Union. Hence, the continent’s conflicting issues and fighting against various groups that emerged from militancy, insurgency and terrorism in Africa is the reason why the peace and security department of the African Union was established for the purpose of solving such problems in order to sustain a peaceful African environment. The main objective of the paper is to draw the role of the African Union (AU) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) in assisting the African countries in resolving the conflicts which could lead to a state of insecurity. The work made use of qualitative research design through the conduct of interviews as well as the use of other sources such as AU/NEPAD documents, internet sources and journals for the purpose of data collection. The findings revealed that, NEPAD works with the African countries at the country level through the provision of advisory and partnership role on peace and security governance. At the continental level, NEPAD report to the African Union on issues relating to peace and security sustainability which are handled by the AU’s department for Peace and Security. 

scholarly journals Governance failure and the formation of Anti-State Organisations: The Impact of the Amnesty Policy on the Development of Nigeria’s Niger-Delta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-374
Author(s):  
AGUNYAI SAMUEL CHUKWUDI ◽  
◽  
OJAKOROTU VICTOR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The Amnesty policy was devised by the Nigerian government to take-off militants from attacking oil pipelines in Niger-Delta. This was with the view to promoting development in the region. While studies have examined the influence of the Amnesty policy on the empowerment of repentant militants, little is known about how governance failure in the implementation of the policy provokes the formation of anti-state organizations and its contributions to development in the region. This research addresses this gap by examining the role of the Nigerian government in the implementation of the amnesty policy, and identify, if any, failure in the implementation of the policy, provokes the resurgence of anti-state organizations in the region. The study used a qualitative research design and findings indicated that the formation of the Niger-Delta Avengers; an anti-state organisation, was due to the government's inaction to effectively implement the amnesty policy as expected. Furthermore, results showed that the Nigerian government was more interested in protecting its oil pipelines and wells than the development of the area. The paper concludes that the Amnesty policy is a conduit pipe for corruption by successive representatives of Nigerian government.

scholarly journals Peran Kepemimpinan Pimpinan Dayah dalam Membentuk Akhlak Santri di Dayah Raudhatul Qur’an Tungkob

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Nur Fazillah ◽  
Anton Widyanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Development Of Students

Leaders bear heavy responsibilities and play a significant role in management, and thus they should possess wisdom and skills in making innovations for the success of their work. This study aimed to investigate the following issues: the types of leadership applied by the head of Dayah Raudhatul Qur’an, the leadership role of the head of Dayah in the development of students’ behavior and the constraints faced by the leadership in the formation of morality students in Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an. The study employed a qualitative research design. Data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation. The results of the study showed that the types of leadership applied by the head of Dayah tended to follow the democratic, deliberative, and charimastic leadership. The role of the head of Dayah in terms of shaping the students’ behavior included establishing the regular Quran recitation, tausiah (giving advice), discipline, and dzikr (remembering Allah) after daily prayers. Further, the constraints faced by the leader in the formation of santri morality in Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an that is the influence from the outside because the majority of santri in Dayah Raudhatul Qur'an is a student from various universities and students are also busy by the tasks on campus so as not can focus on just one activity.

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