Effects of garlic supplementation and its derivatives on body weight and composition in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Garlic supplementation may be inversely contributed to body weight and composition; however, previous results have been inconsistent. This study aims to evaluate the effect of garlic supplementation on body weight and composition using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design/methodology/approach Online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to January 2020. The random-effects model was used to calculate the effect sizes of the included studies. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool. Besides, the NutriGrade scoring system was applied to judge the credibility of the evidence. Findings In total, 18 studies (with 1,250 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that garlic supplementation has a significant increase in body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.31 Kg, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.53 Kg, P = 0.005, n = 12 effect sizes]. Waist circumference (WC) does remarkably reduce [WMD = −1.28 cm, 95% CI: −2.08, −0.47 cm, P = 0.002, n = 4 effect size]. However, body mass index, body fat percent and fat-free mass do not dramatically change (P > 0.05). Notably, the pooled analyses on body weight and WC were sensitive to two included studies. NutriGrade’s score was rated low for this meta-analysis. Originality/value Although garlic supplementation could slightly increase weight and simultaneously might decrease WC, these associations were not strong enough to corroborate the findings. Also, other anthropometric indices do not significantly change. Further well-designed randomized clinical trial studies are needed to confirm the results.

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The effects of garlic supplementation on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000607 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manije Darooghegi Mofrad ◽

Jamal Rahmani ◽

Hamed Kord Varkaneh ◽

Alireza Teymouri ◽

Seyed Mohammad Mousavi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Online Databases

Abstract. Obesity is related to increase in the incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies have suggested anti-obesity properties of garlic; however, results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis is done to summarize the data obtained from available randomized clinical trials on the effect of garlic supplementation on body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC). The online databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched until March 2018 for related publications using relevant keywords. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models. Cochran’s Q-test and I2 index were used for assessing heterogeneity. We found 1241 records in our initial search, of which 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with 15 treatment arms were included. Pooled analysis showed that garlic administration might significantly decrease WC (Weighed Mean Difference (WMD): −1.10 cm, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.07, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%). However, garlic intervention had no significant effect on body weight (WMD): −0.17 kg, 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.39, P = 0.54, I2 = 0%) and BMI (WMD: −0.17 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.52, 0.16, P = 0.30, I2 = 44.5%) as compared to controls. From Subgroup analysis, it was ascertained that the effect of garlic supplementation on BMI was significant in trials with duration < 12 weeks (WMD: −0.58 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.08, −0.08, I2 = 19.8%, P = 0.02) compared to those with higher duration (>12 weeks). The current meta-analysis results suggest that garlic supplementation seems to reduce waist circumference unlike body weight and BMI.

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Whole-Grain Consumption Does Not Affect Obesity Measures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 280-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Omid Sadeghi ◽

Mehdi Sadeghian ◽

Sepideh Rahmani ◽

Vahid Maleki ◽

Bagher Larijani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Total Sample ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Whole Grain

ABSTRACT Since the release of a previous meta-analysis on the effect of whole-grain intake on obesity measures, several clinical trials have been published. Therefore, we aimed to update the previous meta-analysis on the effect of whole-grain intake on obesity measures by including recently published studies, as well as considering the main limitations in that analysis. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate Web of Science, EmBase, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to February 2019, using relevant keywords. Randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of whole-grain products or diets high in whole-grain foods, compared with a control diet, on anthropometric measures [including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass (FM)] were included. In total, 21 studies with a total sample of 1798 participants, aged ≥18 years, were considered. Based on 22 effect sizes from 19 studies on body weight, with a total sample of 1698 adults, we found no significant effect of whole-grain consumption on body weight. The same findings were obtained for BMIs, such that using 10 effect sizes from 10 clinical trials with a total sample of 769 individuals we did not find any significant effect. With regards to body fat percentage [weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.27; 95% CI: −0.05 to 0.58%; P = 0.09], FM (WMD: 0.45; 95% CI: −0.12 to 1.02 kg; P = 0.12), fat-free mass (WMD: 0.31; 95% CI: −0.67 to 0.06 kg; P = 0.10), and waist circumference (WMD: 0.06; 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.63 cm; P = 0.82), we failed to find any significant effect of whole-grain consumption. In conclusion, our findings did not support current recommendations of whole-grain intake in attempts to control obesity measures. Given the beneficial effects of whole-grain intake on other measures of human health, additional well-designed studies are required to further investigate the effect on obesity. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019125320).

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A dose-response and meta-analysis of phytosterols consumption on liver enzymes

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-06-2019-0182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 579-600

Author(s):

Somayeh Tajik ◽

Kevan Jacobson ◽

Sam Talaei ◽

Hamed Kord-Varkaneh ◽

Zeinab Noormohammadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Content Type

Purpose The results of human studies evaluating the efficacy of plant Phytosterols on liver function were inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to eliminate these controversies about the Phytosterols consumption on liver serum biochemistry in adult subjects. Design/methodology/approach The literatures systematically searched throughout PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2018; it was conducted by using related keywords. Estimates of effect sizes were expressed based on weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI from the random-effects model (erSimonian and Laird method). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by using I2 index. Eighteen studies reported the effects of Phytosterols (PS) supplementation on liver serum biochemistry. Findings The current meta-analysis did not show a significant effect on ALT (MD: 0.165 U/L, 95% CI: −1.25, 1.58, p = 0.820), AST (MD: −0.375 IU/Liter, 95% CI: −1.362, 0.612, p = 0.457), ALP (MD: 0.804 cm, 95% CI: −1.757, 3.366, p = 0.538), GGT (MD: 0.431 U/L, 95% CI: −1.803, 2.665, p = 0.706) and LDH (MD: 0.619 U/L, 95% CI: −4.040, 5.277, p = 0.795) following PS consumption. Originality/value The authors found that no protective or toxic effects occur after the consumption of Phytosterols on liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and GGT.

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Vitamin D in Breastfed Infants: Systematic Review of Alternatives to Daily Supplementation

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz098 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen M O'Callaghan ◽

Mahgol Taghivand ◽

Anna Zuchniak ◽

Akpevwe Onoyovwi ◽

Jill Korsiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Term Infants

ABSTRACT Daily oral vitamin D supplementation (400 IU) is recommended for breastfeeding infants (≤1 y). Recent studies have examined alternative approaches to preventing vitamin D deficiency in this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effects of maternal postpartum (M-PP) or infant intermittent (I-INT) vitamin D supplementation on infant 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in comparison to routine direct infant daily (I-D) oral supplementation (400 IU). MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to December 2018. Inclusion criteria consisted of published, peer-reviewed, vitamin D intervention trials involving lactating women and/or exclusively or partially breastfed term infants. Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics (e.g., sample size, intervention dose, and duration and mode of administration) and related biochemical and clinical outcomes. Of 28 included trials, 5 randomized controlled trials were incorporated in meta-analyses examining infant 25(OH)D. Overall, M-PP supplementation resulted in modestly lower infant 25(OH)D compared with I-D supplementation (weighted mean difference = −8.1 nmol/L; 95% CI: −15.4, −0.9; I2 = 45%; P = 0.14; 3 trials), but the 2 most recent trials found M-PP to achieve similar infant 25(OH)D as I-D. Comparison of I-INT with I-D was confined to 2 trials with contradictory findings, and it was considered inappropriate for pooled analysis. Meta-analysis was therefore limited by a small number of eligible trials with variable quality of analytically derived 25(OH)D data and inconsistent reporting of safety outcomes, including effects on calcium homeostasis. Considering all 28 included trials, this systematic review highlights M-PP and I-INT regimens as plausible substitutes for routine daily infant vitamin D supplementation, but evidence remains too weak to support a policy update. Dose-ranging, adequately powered trials are required to establish the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of alternative strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency in breastfeeding infants. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42017069905.

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The Effect of L-Arginine Supplementation on Obesity-Related Indices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000523 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽

Alireza Milajerdi ◽

Somaye Fatahi ◽

Jamal Rahmani ◽

Meysam Zarezadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Arginine Supplementation

Abstract. The clinical studies regarding the effect of L-arginine in human anthropometry have not been fully consistent, therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in order to precisely evaluate and quantify the efficacy of L-arginine on weight, waist circumference, and BMI. We searched online databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for relevant articles up to September 2017. Eligible articles were reviewed by two independent investigators. Mean differences of the outcomes were used for calculation of weighted mean difference (WMD) derived from the random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity between studies was examined using Cochran’s Q-test and I 2 index. Funnel plot and Egger’s tests were performed to assess the publication bias. In our initial search, we found 1598 publications, of which 8 RCTs (9 treatment arms) were included. The results of the meta-analysis displayed a significant reduction in WC following L-arginine supplementation (WMD: −2.97 cm; 95% CI: −4.75 to −1.18, P = 0.001). However, L-arginine intervention had not elicited a significant effect on BMI (WMD: −0.51 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.11 to .08, P = 0.09) and body weight (WMD: −0.57 kg; 95% CI: −1.77 to 0.61, P = 0.34). Subgroup analyses displayed that longer-term interventions (≥8 weeks) had a positive effect on body weight and using < 8 g/day L-arginine with longer duration (≥8 weeks) could significantly decrease BMI. In conclusion, this meta-analysis result suggested L-arginine supplementation could reduce waist circumference without any significant effect on body weight and body mass index.

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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Testing the Effects of Proanthocyanidins Supplementation on Lipid Profile

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1052042/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Ren ◽

Yiting Sun ◽

Jiaqi An ◽

Fengge Chen ◽

Bowen Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background: The studies that assessed proanthocyanidins (PCs) supplementation on lipid profile revealed contradictory results. The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of PCs supplementation on lipid profile.Methods: Six databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar) were searched to identify for published relevant studies up to June 9, 2021. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and the corresponding standard deviations (SD) of the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were calculated to estimate the pooled effect. Results: A total of 1411 articles were identified through database searching, of which, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that PCs supplementation effectively affected the level of HDL-C (WMD: 2.716, 95% CI: 0.269, 5.163, p = 0.030), but had no significant effect on TC (WMD: -0.201, 95% CI: -6.443, 6.041, p=0.950), LDL-C (WMD: -3.000, 95% CI: -8.254, 2.254, p = 0.263), and TG (WMD: -8.874, 95% CI: -21.009, 3.260, p =0.152). In the subgroup analyses, a significant enhance in HDL-C in people with a shorter intervention duration (duration < 12 weeks) or people with a higher BMI (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2). Conclusion: The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PCs supplementation had no effects on TC, LDL-C or TG, whereas it may contribute to a change on HDL-C. Additional high-quality studies are needed to confirm this result.

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Role of whey protein in vascular function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003676 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad ◽

Elham Sharifi Zahabi ◽

Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Vascular Function ◽

English Language ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes

Abstract Whey protein (WP) has been heavily appreciated as a rich source of bioactive peptides, with potential benefits for cardiovascular health. This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing the effects of WP consumption on vascular reactivity, arterial stiffness, and circulatory biomarkers of vascular function. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science for relevant articles from inception to July 2020. Original clinical trials published in English-language journals that investigated the effects of WP on vascular function were eligible. A total of 720 records were identified in the initial search; from these, 16 were included in our systematic review and 13 in meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of 6 studies showed a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after WP consumption (WMD: 1.09%, 95% CI: 0.17, 2.01, P=0.01). Meta-analysis of available data didn’t show any significant reduction in arterial stiffness measures including augmentation index (effect sizes: 7, WMD: −0.29%, 95% CI: −1.58, 0.98, P=0.64) and pulse wave velocity (effect sizes: 4, WMD: −0.72 m/s, 95% CI: −1.47, 0.03, P=0.06). Moreover, the pooled analysis of 6 effect sizes showed no significant effects on plasma levels of nitric oxide following WP supplementation (WMD: 0.42 μmol/L, 95% CI: −0.52 to 1.36, P=0.38). The overall results provided evidence supporting a protective effect of WP on endothelial function measured by FMD, but not for arterial stiffness measures and circulatory biomarker of vascular function. Further research is required to substantiate the benefits of WP on vascular function.

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Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile in rodents: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107981/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Li ◽

Kaili Du ◽

Yuxin Fan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Weight Control ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Sulforaphane (SFN) which is enriched in cabbage and broccoli, a naturally-occurring isothiocyanate, has been provided as food supplements to improve weight management and reduce lipid levels. However, its effects on serum lipid profile are contradictory. In this review, a meta-analysis and systematic review of SFN on lipids reduction and weight control is assessed with mice and rats fed with high-fat diet. The effects of SFN supplementation were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) and the corresponding standard error of body weight, liver weight and concentrations of lipids. A random-effects model was chosen to estimate the overall summary effect. Our analytic results of the meta-analysis revealed that SFN can reduce body weight (WMD: -2.76 g, 95% CI: -4.19, -1.34) and liver weight (WMD: -0.93 g, 95% CI: -1.63, -0.23) significantly from ten trials. Its effects on serum total cholesterol (WMD: -15.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: -24.07, -7.18), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: -15.47, -1.24) and triglyceride (WMD: -40.85 mg/dL, 95% CI: -67.46, -14.24) were significant except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 1.05 mg/dL, 95% CI: -3.44, 5.54). The subgroup analytic results from findings unveiled that classifying studies according to species, disease model, duration, SFN dosage as well as administration route could not explain the heterogeneity among studies and change the results. In summary, these findings provide new insights concerning preclinical strategies for treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as cardiovascular disease with SFN supplements.

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Is Omega-3 Supplementation Changes the Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Fat-Free Mass? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Rcts

10.47829/kjcm.2020.1202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Alipour B ◽

Moradi S ◽

AsghariJafarabadi M ◽

Khajebishak Y ◽

Alivand M ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Omega 3

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Effects of Ramadan and Non-ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.625240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Joana M. Correia ◽

Inês Santos ◽

Pedro Pezarat-Correia ◽

Analiza M. Silva ◽

Goncalo V. Mendonca

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Comprehensive Search

Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity for body-composition improvement purposes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of Ramadan vs. non-Ramadan IF on parameters of body composition. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (published until May 2020). Studies were selected if they included samples of adults (≥18 years), had an experimental or observational design, investigated any type of IF and included body composition outcomes. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted when feasible. Sixty-six articles met the eligibility criteria. We found that non-Ramadan IF is effective for decreasing body weight (−0.341 (95% CI [−0.584, −0.098], p = 0.006), body mass index (−0.699, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.347], p < 0.001), and absolute fat mass (−0.447, 95% CI [−0.673, −0.221], p < 0.001). When contrasting pre- post-intervention data on fat-free mass between treatments and controls, group-differences were non-significant (p > 0.05). Conversely, we observed a significant increase in fat-free mass when comparing pre- to post-intervention in a within design fashion (0.306, 95% CI [0.133, 0.48], p = 0.001). Finally, despite being accompanied by dehydration, Ramadan IF is effective in decreasing body weight (−0.353; 95% CI [−0.651, −0.054], p = 0.02) and relative fat mass (−0.533; 95% CI [−1.025, −0.04], p = 0.034). Ramadan IF seems to implicate some beneficial adaptations in weight management, although non-Ramadan IF appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.

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