Population growth will worsen Niger’s food insecurity

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
The Stability

Subject Population growth and resource scarcity. Significance One of the poorest nations in the world, Niger also has the highest fertility rate, which exacerbates chronic food insecurity and childhood malnutrition. Efforts to reduce birth rates have failed to produce results; if anything, Niger’s fertility rates have increased over the past decade. Impacts With low economic growth and youth employment, migration to urban areas and North Africa will increase. Political unrest is also likely to occur with swelling population needs and resource scarcity. A profound shift in cultures of fertility will be necessary to ensure the stability of the nation.

Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Jamila Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

scholarly journals The university press: trends, initiatives and collaborations over the past several years

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Hayes ◽  
Robert P. Holley
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The University ◽  
Scholarly Communication System

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine recent trends that have affected university presses (UPs). The increased reliance on digital resources and fiscal constraints within higher education has forced UPs to re-evaluate their position with the scholarly communication system. Responses include an increased focus on partnerships, new forms of publication, changing business models and better meeting customers’ needs. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have reviewed publications on UPs from the past five years and added their viewpoints on current and future trends. Findings – UPs must adapt to resource scarcity and current trends in scholarly communication to remain viable. Practical implications – Both UPs and academic libraries may gain insights on how to meet the needs of researchers and scholars within a changing environment. Originality/value – This paper summarizes and evaluates a broad spectrum of research on UPs.

More jobs for Middle East women could boost growth

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Lasting Change

Significance It launched the annual forum of ‘Top CEOs’, reflecting rapid changes in Riyadh’s policy over the past year. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman aims to increase female workforce participation in the country to 30% from the current 22% as part of his Vision 2030 economic plan -- still a relatively modest target. Impacts Women-friendly policies will benefit educated and urban middle-class women most, especially outside the GCC. Use of quotas to bring female nationals into the private sector workforce could dampen productivity and raise prices. Grassroots women’s organisations, particularly in North Africa, are more likely to bring lasting change than top-down Gulf policies. Normalised female employment could slowly lessen the control of conservative institutions. Women's education combined with unemployment in north Africa may increase autonomous female migration to Europe.

Macron is looking to enhance France’s industrial base

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural France

Subject France's manufacturing outlook. Significance France’s manufacturing sector has been the most attractive in Europe for foreign investors over the past ten years but the structural challenges within the sector, most notably the shift from manufacturing towards an economy based more on services, look set to deepen. Impacts Plans to reindustrialise parts of rural France may attract investment, but getting people to live there will be difficult. The ECB is likely to loosen monetary policy, and manufacturers borrowing at lower rates would boost euro-area industry. The threat of social unrest in urban areas may deter potential investors.

Social protection for poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brzeska ◽  
Mousumi Das ◽  
Shenggen Fan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
China And India ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Social Protection Systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the pathways through which social protection policies in China and India can address the key challenges facing poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged groups under rapid transformation in both countries. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the main social protection policies in China and India and analyzes the challenges that they are facing. This analysis is based on an evaluation of poverty and food security trends in both countries among vulnerable and disadvantaged groups followed by an overview of major experiences and gaps in social protection policies in the two emerging Asian giants. Findings – Improving the coverage and targeting of social protection systems is vital, and will require a multi-faceted reform portfolio that promotes more integrated and horizontally equitable systems. Emphasis should be placed on developing productive, cross-sectoral social protection programs that combine short-term social safety support with long-term tools to enhance productivity, paying special attention to nutrition, health, and human capital development. More efficient coverage and targeting should bridge the rural and urban divide and be grounded in transparent criteria and procedures that govern program implementation at all levels of the government. As both countries become more urbanized, social protection programs need to give equal attention to emerging food insecurity and nutrition issues within urban areas without detracting from food security and nutrition efforts in rural areas. Originality/value – Faced with a sizable population of undernourished and poor people, India and China have applied rather different approaches to address food insecurity. The originality and value of this paper lie in an in-depth parallel analysis of how China and India can better use their social protection systems to address food insecurity and undernutrition among poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged groups.

Environmental disclosure studies in Middle East and Northern Africa in shadow of theoretical context

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Eljayash
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Environmental Disclosure ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Theories

Purpose Over the past few decades, accounting research has received considerable attention from academics and researchers in an effort to understand and interpret accounting events in firms. Environmental disclosure research is featured in those studies because of its effect on the number of groups within society where companies operate. Therefore, many studies, especially in developing countries, have been conducted in order to interpret and reach an understanding of the determinants of disclosure in companies through using accounting and social theories. In the Middle East and North Africa, a substantial number of accounting studies have been undertaken aimed at addressing the environmental disclosure in companies. The purpose of this paper is to examine these studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa in order to establish an overview of the theoretical approach in the interpretation of the environmental disclosure in companies. Design/methodology/approach Review of studies of the environmental disclosure in the Gulf region and North Africa by focusing on a theoretical method that interpreted the environmental disclosure. Findings Studies have shown a difference in the theoretical interpretation of the environmental disclosure with emphasis on the theory of stakeholder, the most common in such studies. Originality/value The value of this study is to add to the accounting literature in this area which, thus, is considered as a starting point for future studies on the most important theories used in the interpretation of environmental disclosure in the Gulf region and North Africa.

scholarly journals The role of urban vegetable production in Jos (Nigeria) as a source of livelihood

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (103) ◽  
pp. 18533-18551
Author(s):  
Solomon Wuyep ◽  
◽  
IT Rampedi ◽  
AP Ifegbesan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Vegetable Farming

Many cities of developing countries experience widespread poverty due to accelerated migration of people from rural to urban areas as well as high population growth rates. The city of Jos in Plateau State is experiencing rapid population growth as well, with the attendant problems of food insecurity, insufficient income, unemployment and environmental degradation. This study assessed the role that urban vegetable production plays in providing a source of livelihood to small-scale farmers in Jos. The farmers were registered with the third Fadama Project in Nigeria. Such projects derive their name from the native Hausa word ‘fadama’ which means irrigable lands on flood-prone and low-lying plains. Forty percent (40%) of urban vegetable farmers were randomly selected to have a sample size of 94 participants. A mixed method approach was used and this involved questionnaire-administered interviews. The primary data obtained were transcribed and subjected to ANOVA and t-test analysis. From the results obtained, most of the vegetables farm plots are located predominantly in the southern part of the study area. Results indicated that vegetable farming is playing an important role in providing 84% part-time and 5% full-time employment opportunities as well as reducing food insecurity among the study participants. In addition, most farmers achieved an income of more than the minimum wage of ₦30, 000 (US$ 72. 24) as approved by the Nigerian Government. The results also showed that lack of credit facilities, seasonal variations and the high cost of farm inputs and equipment are the most serious problems faced by participants. Other challenges associated with small-scale urban farming entailed the negative environmental impacts that may lead to the decline of environmental quality, thus undermining long term sustainability. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences among participants in terms of the relationship between the type of vegetables they produce, incomes generated, environmental impacts and their demographical attributes. These attributes are the age, gender, marital status, and educational background of participants. Based on these findings, and the socio-economic importance of vegetable farming in this study area, governments and financial institutions should establish better policies in order to solve the problems faced by small-scale vegetable farmers in urban areas.

African authoritarianism likely to rise in 2018

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
International Donors ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Stability

Subject Rising African authorianism Significance Several protest movements have emerged over the past year calling into question the stability of governments in many of sub-Saharan Africa’s electoral-authoritarian regimes -- those states that hold multiparty elections, but in largely undemocratic conditions. Following decades of exclusionary or discriminatory politics, marginalised minorities and political factions are campaigning for a greater share of economic opportunities and political influence in countries as diverse as Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria and Mozambique. Authoritarian governments have tended to respond with repression rather than reform, further undermining their claim to legitimacy. Impacts Opposition parties will find it extremely difficult to gain ground electorally, enabling incumbents to retain control of the policy process. Rising instability and repression will undermine the willingness of international donors to provide aid, compounding economic difficulties. Prolonged political instability in states such as Ethiopia will undermine the attraction of the so-called "Singapore model" in Africa.

Food insecurity risks unrest across North Africa

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Protests ◽  
Implementation Capacity ◽  
Investment Capital

Subject Food insecurity in North Africa. Significance Food security is an area of risk for North Africa. Food price inflation drives up consumer price indices in Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania and Libya. This sustains concerns about the effectiveness of trade-based food security strategies and fuels political protests. Morocco has fared better as a strong harvest has coincided with innovative initiatives to promote domestic agriculture, but North Africa as a whole faces challenges to ensuring food security. Impacts Food insecurity could well fuel political unrest throughout North Africa. Development strategies that favour food sovereignty over trade-based food security are gaining political traction. Lack of investment capital, implementation capacity and political will will stifle substantive policy reform.

Rescuing the concept of solar electricity transfer from North Africa to Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Trieb ◽  
Juergen Kern ◽  
Natàlia Caldés ◽  
Cristina de la Rua ◽  
Dorian Frieden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
Electricity Transfer

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light to the concept of solar electricity transfer from North Africa to Europe in the frame of Article 9 of the European Renewable Energy Sources (EU-RES) Directive 28/2009/EC, to explain why efforts have not been successful up to now and to provide recommendations on how to proceed. Design/methodology/approach The authors have compared the “Supergrid” concept that was pursued by some institutions in the past years with the original “TRANS-CSP” concept developed by the German Aerospace Centre in 2006. From this analysis, the authors could identify not only major barriers but also possible ways towards successful implementation. Findings The authors found that in contrast to the Supergrid approach, the original concept of exporting dispatchable solar power from concentrating solar thermal power stations with thermal energy storage (CSP-TES) via point-to-point high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission directly to European centres of demand could be a resilient business case for Europe–North Africa cooperation, as it provides added value in both regions. Research limitations/implications The analysis has been made in the frame of the BETTER project commissioned by the Executive Agency for Competitiveness & Innovation in the frame of the program Intelligent Energy Europe. Practical implications One of the major implications found is that due to the time lost in the past years by following a distracted concept, the option of flexible solar power imports from North Africa to Europe is not any more feasible to become part of the 2020 supply scheme. Social implications To make them a viable option for post-2020 renewable energy systems for electricity development in Europe, a key recommendation of the project is to elaborate a detailed feasibility study about concrete CSP-HVDC links urgently. Originality/value The analysis presented here is the first to give concrete recommendations for the implementation of such infrastructure.

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