Labor favoured to win close Australia election

Subject Australia's upcoming general election. Significance Australians will cast their ballots in a general election on May 18. The election, announced by Prime Minister Scott Morrison on April 11, will be for the whole House of Representatives, parliament’s lower house, and just over half of the seats in the Senate, or upper house. Impacts With both main parties likely to win the same primary vote, the election will probably be decided by the preferential voting system. A hung parliament, with several minor parties holding the balance of power, is possible. A rural-city divide will undermine projecting national policies and may take votes from both main parties.

Significance The election for the House of Representatives, the lower house of parliament, will be the second since the constitution was revised in 2011. This specified that the leader of the party winning the largest number of seats should be given the first opportunity to form a government. The revision led to the moderate Islamist party, the Justice and Development Party (PJD), leading the government for the first time after its victory in the November 2011 poll. Impacts The election will focus attention on contentious reforms to pensions, subsidies and the education system. The months ahead will be dominated by speculation about party alliances and the likely shape of a future coalition government. The palace seems ready to accept a second term for Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane, but is also keen to see PAM within government.


Significance Since winning the 2016 election with a one-seat majority, the Liberal-National Coalition government has lurched from crisis to crisis. After internal divisions over same-sex marriage in July, the latest crisis concerns the eligibility through citizenship of several government members of Parliament (MPs) to sit in the legislature. If the government loses its lower house majority, there is a serious prospect of an early election and change of government. Impacts Turnbull’s premiership could be destabilised fatally by the citizenship issue even if his majority survives. The minor parties’ hold on the Senate’s balance of power is unlikely to be dislodged in the next election. Turnbull could be more vulnerable to a leadership challenge if his allies are disqualified from their seats.


Significance Assembly members are elected indirectly. Last July, Sher Bahadur Deuba was appointed prime minister in line with a Supreme Court order. Deuba’s multi-party coalition has a sizeable majority in the House of Representatives, parliament’s lower house, and a comfortable one in the National Assembly. Impacts If local elections take place in May as currently planned, they will serve as a barometer of public sentiment towards the leading parties. KP Sharma Oli, whom Deuba replaced as premier, will be eyeing a return to power. Politicking risks distracting the government from pursuing important policy goals.


Subject Libya's media landscape. Significance Four years after the fall of Muammar al-Qadhafi, Libya is experiencing an unprecedented information war. Its media are divided along partisan lines, reflecting the country's deepening political and armed power struggle. Privately-owned media push their respective agendas and sometimes engage in incitement. State-run media have split into two camps, one aligned with the House of Representatives (HoR) government of Prime Minister Abdullah al-Thinni in eastern Libya, and the other with the self-declared government of Omar al-Hassi in Tripoli. The deliberate peddling by partisan media of false or misleading narratives is feeding the country's conflict and making prospects for consensus and reconciliation bleaker. Impacts The dearth of accurate, non-partisan reporting is skewing domestic and international perceptions of the conflict and efforts to resolve it. The marked partisanship of Libya's media will cause armed and political groups to become more suspicious of broadcasters and the press. This will lead to further harassment of and violent attacks on local and foreign journalists. The information war risks further alienating a population already disconnected from the political process and state institutions.


Significance Two pro-independence forces and the unionist Citizens party lead the field. Whether the election will break the impasse over independence and return regional autonomy to Catalonia will depend on a complex balance of forces within the Catalan parliament and on Madrid’s response to the result. Impacts For Spain's prime minister, the elections are an attempt to restore constitutional government in Catalonia. An end to rule by a pro-independence coalition would strengthen business confidence in the Catalan and Spanish economies. The predicted improvement in the PSC-PSOE’s standing would enhance the prospects of the Socialists in the next Spanish general election.


Significance As the 2019 general election approaches, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is trying to secure the backing of India’s rural population, which is some two-thirds of the country’s total. Modi has encouraged state governments to waive farm debt worth up to 2.8 trillion rupees (39 billion dollars); suggested a procurement formula guaranteeing farmers a return of at least 1.5 times their costs of production; and promised to double farm incomes by 2022. Meanwhile, landowning castes are increasingly demanding opportunities in education and employment away from rural areas. Impacts State governments will try to pay off farm debts by issuing bonds. In election campaigning, opposition parties will claim to champion rural interests. An average 2018 monsoon should boost agricultural output.


Significance This move came as a surprise, as the prime minister had previously repeatedly denied that she was even contemplating such a step. Impacts A larger Conservative majority could leave May less dependent on backbench hardcore Brexiteers, possibly giving her more flexibility. Delaying the following general election until 2022 buys May time for a transitional agreement and a cliff-edge exit becomes less likely. The prospect of a Conservative UK government ruling with an increased majority till 2022 will bolster support for Scottish independence. The election will delay the start of the Brexit negotiations by one month.


Subject Singapore's political challenges. Significance The ruling People’s Action Party (PAP) has begun what will be a lengthy leadership handover from Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong to Heng Swee Keat, currently finance minister and the PAP’s first assistant secretary-general. Speculation is mounting that Lee could bring forward the general election due by January 2021. In recent months, Singapore’s relations with Malaysia have soured. Impacts Turbulent relations with Malaysia will have no impact on the PAP’s leadership handover. Malaysia-Singapore ministerial ties will mitigate the effects of Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s erratic foreign policy. Judicial verdicts against legislators from the opposition Workers’ Party (WP) could worsen the WP’s already weak position in parliament. A prolonged US-China trade war would lead to a further decline in exports to China from Singapore.


Subject Modi's post-election cabinet appointments and likely policy trajectory. Significance Following a landslide victory in the general election, Prime Minister Narendra Modi last week announced his new cabinet. There were new appointments at the head of the defence, foreign, home and finance ministries. Impacts The merger of the Central Statistics Office and National Sample Survey Office could further undermine trust in India’s GDP growth figures. If a crackdown on ‘illegal’ migration alienates neighbouring ally Bangladesh, Dhaka could draw closer to Delhi’s rival Beijing. Modi’s alliance will likely have a majority in the parliamentary upper house by 2021.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Feldman ◽  
Peter Bull

Affiliative response invitations were analysed in 38 speeches delivered during the 2009 Japanese general election by 18 candidates for the House of Representatives (the lower house of the National Diet of Japan). The results clearly replicated those reported by Bull and Feldman (2011) in their analysis of the 2005 Japanese general election. Highly significant correlations were found between the two studies not only for the overall pattern of affiliative responses, but also for each type of response (applause, laughter and cheering). In both studies, over 70% of affiliative responses occurred in response to explicit invitations from the speaker. This contrasts with British political meetings, where applause occurs principally in response to implicit rhetorical devices. However, the candidates’ electoral success showed no significant correlations either with overall affiliative response rate, or with rates for applause, laughter or cheering. It is proposed that the prime function of affiliative response invitations at these meetings is not so much to win votes as to give the audience the opportunity to express their support both for the candidates and for the political parties they represent.


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