The link between police cadets' field training and attitudes toward police work in China: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-605
Author(s):  
Xinting Wang ◽  
Jia Qu ◽  
Jihong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
College Education ◽  
Police Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Field Training ◽  
Attitudes Toward Police

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect and duration of supervised field training on police cadets' worldview of police work in China.Design/methodology/approachThe four-wave longitudinal data were collected from graduate students who were pursuing their master's degree in a national Chinese police university from 2016 to 2018. Independent variables including demographic characteristics and knowledge along with experience gained from the internship were used to explain police cadets' attitudes toward police work. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression models were used in the current study.FindingsFindings derived from multiple regression analyses suggest that police cadets' attitudes toward police work are conducive to the “shock” of the real-world experience after three-month field training. However, the effect of the field training on police cadets' attitudes toward police work is temporary, not enduring.Research limitations/implicationsThe data for this study were collected from one national police university, and the findings reported here may not be generalized.Practical implicationsPolice field training is important for cadets to develop positive view of police work. It provides practical knowledge for police training and socializes cadets before entering into the law enforcement filed, avoiding the financial cost of resignation. However, the influence of field training is temporal. Hence, it is more appropriate for police administrators to arrange police cadets' field training close to their graduation date, the third year of their college education.Originality/valueThis study can be considered as an extension of relevant research on law-enforcement-related field training reported in the United States. However, it goes beyond the existing literature by using longitudinal data to answer a long-overdue question: Does supervised field training change the worldview of cadets concerning police work?

Recruit conservation warden field training: A qualitative analysis of the San Jose Police Department Field Training Model applied to natural resource law enforcement

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110164
Author(s):  
Matthew Groppi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Training Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Field Training

This article reviews the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (hereafter President’s Task Force) findings on law enforcement field training. The President’s Task Force was critical of the San Jose Police Department Field Training Model (hereafter the San Jose Model), the most common model used by law enforcement agencies within the United States. These criticisms were the impetus for an assessment of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Law Enforcement Field Training Program which was based on the San Jose Model. The WDNR employs conservation wardens who primarily enforce wildlife, environmental, and recreational vehicle laws. This study evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the WDNR field training program through surveys of the perceptions and experiences of the field training officers, recruit conservation wardens, and warden supervisors. These findings also permit analysis regarding the criticisms identified by the President’s Task Force. The author found very little existing research pertaining to field training programs and little existing research on conservation law enforcement. The findings of this study persuaded command staff within the WDNR to follow the recommendations of the President’s Task Force and adopt the Police Training Officer (PTO) Model because it incorporated adult learning concepts, problem-based learning, and was more focused on community policing. Practical applications for other agencies are discussed and needs for future empirical research related to law enforcement field training are identified.

The feasibility of using real-time, objective measurements of physiological stress among law enforcement officers in Dallas, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-710
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez ◽  
Katelyn K. Jetelina ◽  
Stephen A. Bishopp ◽  
Melvin D. Livingston ◽  
Rodolfo A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose Law enforcement officers (LEOs) suffer from premature mortality, intentional and unintentional injury, suicide and are at an increased risk for several non-communicable disease outcomes including cardiovascular disease and several cancers, compared to those employed in other occupations. Repeated exposure to stressful and traumatic stimuli is a possible mechanism driving these adverse health outcomes among LEOs. To better identify the sources of these health problems, the purpose of this paper is to determine the feasibility of conducting a cohort study using physiological measures of stress (e.g. heart rate) with LEOs; perceptions of the FitBit device, including LEO buy-in and attitudes associated with the protocol. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from ten recent graduates of the Dallas Police Training Academy. Findings Results suggest that officer buy-in and protocol compliance was high. Officers were eager to participate in this study, and completion of weekly surveys was 100 percent. Minute-level missing data from wearable devices was relatively low (25 percent), and 90 percent of participants wore the FitBit devices on more than 90 percent of study days. Originality/value Results from this study suggest that wearable physiological devices can be effectively used in law enforcement populations to measure stress.

Western fears of encryption lack substance

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect

Significance In the wake of the terrorist attacks in Paris, the political debate on law enforcement 'going dark' due to encryption has resurfaced again in the United States and United Kingdom. However, governments have yet to demonstrate evidence of a loss of security capability because of encryption. Impacts The 'going dark' debate may be being used to distract from security agencies' existing surveillance capabilities. The debate's outcome could have a severe negative effect on consumer trust in internet-based businesses. Businesses will see opportunities in relocation to jurisdictions with robust laws that do not weaken cryptographic systems.

Chinese police cadets’ attitudes toward police roles revisited

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jay Cuvelier ◽  
Di Jia ◽  
Cheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Order Maintenance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Police

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Chinese police cadets’ background, motivations and educational perceptions and their attitudes toward common police roles. Design/methodology/approach – Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 382 Chinese police cadets. Based upon predisposition and socialization theories, personal background, career motivation and attitudes toward education were examined as statistical explanations of cadets’ attitudes toward order maintenance, preventative patrol, law enforcement, and community building as elements of the police role. Findings – Cadets who recognized more value in their practical and academic education also significantly favored the transitional and contemporary police roles (preventative patrol, law enforcement, and community building), which are taught as part of their college curriculum. But educational perceptions had no effect on order maintenance, which is a more historical role, and not emphasized by the police college. Cadets from lower SES backgrounds and those receiving outside influence to select a policing career tended to support traditional police roles whereas cadets with a relative in policing tended to show greater support for contemporary policing roles. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by being a cross-sectional study of a single police college. Future studies should incorporate a longitudinal element to follow the perceptions of cadets from their school experience into the policing profession and should be conducted in other settings to assess generalizability. Practical implications – The impact of higher education on police cadets appears to be better measured as a function of their perceived importance of education (engagement) rather than measuring their exposure to it. The effectiveness of police training and education may be enhanced by adopting teaching methods that better engage learners. Social implications – Better alignment between police officers’ attitudes toward their roles and duties and contemporary police standards and practices will assure more effective and responsible police action and delivery of police services to the community. Originality/value – This study is among the first to demonstrate that Cadets who hold higher regard for practical and academic education are significantly better aligned to the policing roles emphasized by their educational program.

EU-US will clash on artificial intelligence regulation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Innovative Potential

Significance Its guidance will probably be at odds with the approach adopted by the United States. Impacts European AI firms will criticise a tougher regulatory strategy, fearing restrictions on their innovative potential, as well as from abroad. Larger tech companies will be better able to adapt to AI regulations than their smaller competitors. Public authorities, and law enforcement especially, will push back against facial recognition bans.

Regional differences in gang member identification methods among law enforcement jurisdictions in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-740
Author(s):  
Daniel Scott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gang Member ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identification Methods

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare gang member identification methods across regions in the United States as reported by law enforcement.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through surveys with various law enforcement jurisdictions in both urban and rural communities across the United States. Methods of gang member identification were compared across the United States. Region through the use of Ordinal Logistic Regression and Multiple Imputation.FindingsThe results reveal that there are systematic variations in methods of gang member identification across regions in the United States. Specifically, the West is significantly more likely to identify gang members through associations or arrests with known gang members, symbols and self-nomination compared to other regions. The South, Northeast and Midwest regions are significantly more likely to identify gang members through a reliable informant compared to the West.Originality/valueResearch has not compared gang member identification methods across region in the United States or examined how variations in gang member identification methods potentially impact the accuracy of reported gang problems and prevalence.

Officers' perceptions regarding the unexpected effects of body-worn cameras

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
Jordan C. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThroughout the last decade, a number of empirical studies have assessed the effectiveness of body-worn cameras (BWCs) among law enforcement agencies across the United States. The purpose of this paper is to examine officers' perceptions regarding the impact this technology has had on police-community relations, as well as the working relationship between police and other actors in the criminal justice system (e.g. prosecutors, jurors).Design/methodology/approachThe author conducted focus groups with officers (n = 89) from two local law enforcement agencies in California that had adopted BWCs in recent years. Participating officers discussed advantages and disadvantages they associated with BWCs, as well as how BWCs have impacted their relationship with the public and justice system personnel.FindingsOfficers recognized advantages to using BWCs, including the potential for positive changes in police behavior and the ability to protect officers against false citizen complaints. Officers also identified a number of disadvantages (or consequences) they associate with BWCs, such as the depreciation of credibility behind an officer's word and the impact of video footage on prosecutorial decision-making.Originality/valuePrior studies have gathered officers' perceptions regarding BWCs, but very few have assessed whether and how the use of this technology by law enforcement influences other actors within the criminal justice system. The findings from this study may prompt further empirical consideration regarding BWCs, especially with regard to whether police use of this technology significantly impacts citizens' trust in the police and how their use may impact prosecutorial and juror decision-making.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF TRAINING OF POLICE STAFF

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
І. В. Серединський
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Police Cooperation

The scientific article examines the issues of areas of international cooperation in the field of police training. Emphasis is placed on the best practices of Western Europe, the United States and Canada. At first it was emphasized that in modern conditions there is a rapid development of international relations on the principles of integration and mutual enrichment, and not on the terms of rigid differentiation. It is determined that the interaction is especially evident in the field of international cooperation of European law enforcement agencies. The author found that international police cooperation is carried out in several main areas: 1) assistance in training for foreign law enforcement agencies; 2) joint research of problems of struggle against offenses; 3) exchange of experience in the field of police training; 4) provision of logistical and advisory assistance. Emphasis is placed on the fact that an important factor is the recognition by the international community among other areas and the need for cooperation in the field of personnel training. The author formulates the main directions of international cooperation in the field of police training, in particular: integration into international bodies and organizations in the field of police training; integration into international police educational institutions; integration into the education system of leading foreign educational institutions, study of experience, analysis of the work of structural units, study of the scale of social activity, the field of scientific research, etc .; creating conditions for the development of police education in a particular country with the help of international partners and the experience of foreign countries; provision-receipt on a mutual, and more often on a unilateral basis to foreign colleagues of means of equipment, communication, equipment for use in police training. Finally, it is noted that the most intensive and effective police cooperation is carried out by the police of highly developed countries with similar economic, political and social conditions, similar legal attitudes and principles of law enforcement.

Illicit gun, drug and cigarette markets are thriving

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
Policy Experimentation ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Terrorist Groups

Subject The outlook for illicit markets. Significance The recent increase in terrorist activity worldwide has drawn attention to three illicit markets: firearms, drugs and cigarettes. Firearms are a highly lethal weapon of choice for terrorists, but homicides using firearms kill almost 18 times more people than terrorist attacks using firearms every year around the world. The global drug market continues to adjust to law enforcement interventions, with only marginal links to terrorist groups. The illicit cigarette trade kills 700,000 people annually, and fuels corruption and organised crime. Impacts Increasing terrorist activity worldwide will raise further attention on these issues. Renewed gun control efforts are expected in Europe, and to a lesser extent in the United States. Further policy experimentation will occur on tackling the drug trade, including through cannabis regulation.

Island construction strains China-Philippines ties

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Security Alliance

Subject China-Philippines relations. Significance Beijing responded to Philippine construction work on Thitu Island by sending its ‘maritime militia’ and paramilitary law enforcement to the area. The recent events could lead to another standoff in disputed waters, derailing the warmer relationship that has developed since Rodrigo Duterte assumed the presidency in the Philippines. Impacts The Philippines will seek Chinese investment but not weaken its security alliance with the United States. Fishing militias will increase in prominence as implementers of the maritime policies of China and Vietnam. Unfulfilled economic promises or a change of administration in Manila could cause a more serious deterioration of bilateral tensions.

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