Synthesis and characterisation of the flame retardant properties and corrosion resistance of Schiff’s base compounds incorporated into organic coating

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Abd El-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Schiff’S Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Purpose – This paper aims to report on the synthesis and characterisation of new flame retardants and anticorrosive additives based on Schiff’s base compounds, which were added physically to organic coating. Design/methodology/approach – Flame retardants are incorporated into polymeric materials either as additives or as reactive materials. Additive-type flame retardants are widely used by incorporating into polymeric materials by physical means. In this research, Schiff’s base (azomethine) compounds are added physically to alkyd paint as flame-retardant additives. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterise the structure of the prepared Schiff’s base compounds. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used to evaluate their thermal stability. Experimental coatings were manufactured on a laboratory scale, and then applied by brush on wood and steel panels. Findings – Results of an oxygen index value indicated that alkyd paints containing Schiff’s base compounds as additives exhibit very good flame-retardant effects. Also the physical, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties were studied to evaluate the drawbacks of the additives. The additives did not affect the flexibility of the paint formula. The gloss and the impact strength were decreased by the additives, but the hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance were significantly improved by these additives. Research limitations/implications – Alkyd resins are the most extensively used synthetic polymers in the coating industry. Nitrogen compounds are a small but rapidly growing group of flame retardants which are in the focus of public interest concerning environment-friendly flame retardants. So, the focus of this study is on Schiff’s base compounds as flame retardants and anticorrosive additives for alkyd resins to assess their applicability. Practical implications – Schiff’s base compounds can be used as new additives in paint formulations to improve the flame-retardant and corrosion properties. Originality/value – In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the nitrogen-based family of materials because they not only have a wide range of thermal and chemical stabilities, but can also provide improved thermal and flame-retardant properties to polymers. The present paper reports on the synthesis and characterisation of Schiff’s base compounds and their performance in alkyd resin coatings.

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDATION PERFORMANCES OF HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT WHEN APPLIED TO UNSATURATED POLYESTER

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Quy Thi Dong Hoang ◽  
Cuong Ngoc Hoang ◽  
Anh Huynh Tram Pham ◽  
Vien Tri Thiem ◽  
Huong Ngoc Nhu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

In order to improve fire performance of polymeric materials, phosphorus flame retardants (FRs) were studied in an attempt to obtain UL-94 ratings for materials based on unsaturated polyester. The fire behaviors and thermal stability properties were evaluated using UL-94 vertical test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The UL-94 test results show that V-1 rating is achieved. TGA and UL-94 results concluded that phosphorus FRs employed in this study works on both vapor phase and condensed phase, but the vapour phase is dominant mode of action. These suggested that the addition of FRs probably does affect on the char layer formed during combustion behavior and increase the flame retardant properties in the case of condensed phase mode of action. The efficiency of flame retardant of phosphorus also highly depends upon the phosphorus moieties generated during the decomposition which further converted to radical capturing species, and consequently quenching the flame in the case of gas phase mode of action. These FRs can be promising candidates that replace the halogen-based.

scholarly journals Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Yukyung Kim ◽  
Sanghyuck Lee ◽  
Hyeonseok Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.

Properties of Flame-Retardant Cellulose Fibers Prepared from Cellulose[Amim]Cl Dope Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1152-1155
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Bo Wen Cheng ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Zeng Geng Guo ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

This paper has studied the structure and flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant cellulose fiber with DDPSN as flame retardant. The flame retardants was uniformly dispersed in the cellulose /[Amim]Cl Solution to obtain the good spinnable dope, then the dope was wet-spun. Effects of the flame-retardant contention the fiber structure and properties were investigated. The surface of the flame-retardant cellulose fiber was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Besides, through the Simultaneous thermal analysis, it has been shown that, with the increase of fame retardant, the degree of fame resistance was obviously improved. The flame retardant acted greatly in condensed phase during the fiber degradation and remained mainly in residues after degradation, the experiments show that the flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant cellulose fiber with 20wt% DDPSN was obvious.

Wool: Its Effect On Flame Retardant Properties of Blend Fabrics

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Beninate ◽  
Brenda J. Trask ◽  
Timothy A. Calamari ◽  
George L. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Strength Retention

Durable phosphorus-based flame retardants were applied to twill fabrics con taining cotton and wool to study the effect of wool on the flame retardancy and physical properties of the blend fabrics. The presence of wool in untreated blend fabrics caused burning rates to decrease and oxygen index values to increase as wool content increased in the blends. These effects were also observed in cotton/ wool blends treated with low levels of the Thps-urea-TMM flame retardant, but were less pronounced in fabrics treated at high levels. Thermogravimetric analyses were conducted to study the thermal degradation of the treated and untreated fabrics. The presence of wool in treated blend fabrics did not sig nificantly change strength retention, area shrinkage and wrinkle recovery values in comparison to similarly treated 100% cotton fabrics.

Flammability and mechanical properties of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) copolymer–containing intumescent flame retardants

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Huang ◽  
Jianwei Yang ◽  
Zhengzhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and its two microcapsules, APP with a shell of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin (MFAPP) and APP with a shell of epoxy resin (EPAPP), were studied in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS). The results indicate that APP after the microencapsulation leads to an increase in limiting oxygen index in SBS compared with APP. When dipentaerythritol is incorporated into the SBS composites containing the APP microcapsules, a further improvement in flame retardancy of the composites is observed. The microencapsulation does not result in much improvement of mechanical properties. Moreover, the effect of a compatibilizer (SBS grafted with maleic anhydride) on flame-retardant and mechanical properties of SBS/APP composites was investigated.

scholarly journals Nanoreinforcements of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardant Polymeric Composites: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolin Lu ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Xudong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Polymer materials are ubiquitous in daily life. While polymers are often convenient and helpful, their properties often obscure the fire hazards they may pose. Therefore, it is of great significance in terms of safety to study the flame retardant properties of polymers while still maintaining their optimal performance. Current literature shows that although traditional flame retardants can satisfy the requirements of polymer flame retardancy, due to increases in product requirements in industry, including requirements for durability, mechanical properties, and environmental friendliness, it is imperative to develop a new generation of flame retardants. In recent years, the preparation of modified two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants has attracted wide attention in the field. Due to their unique layered structures, two-dimensional nanomaterials can generally improve the mechanical properties of polymers via uniform dispersion, and they can form effective physical barriers in a matrix to improve the thermal stability of polymers. For polymer applications in specialized fields, different two-dimensional nanomaterials have potential conductivity, high thermal conductivity, catalytic activity, and antiultraviolet abilities, which can meet the flame retardant requirements of polymers and allow their use in specific applications. In this review, the current research status of two-dimensional nanomaterials as flame retardants is discussed, as well as a mechanism of how they can be applied for reducing the flammability of polymers.

scholarly journals Sol–Gel Treatments to Flame Retard PA11/Flax Composites

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samyn ◽  
Vandewalle ◽  
Bellayer ◽  
Duquesne
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Successive Layer ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

This work investigates the efficiency of sol–gel treatments to flame retard flax fabric/PA11 composites. Different sol–gel treatments applied to the flax fabrics were prepared using TEOS in combination with phosphorus and/or nitrogen containing co-precursors (DEPTES, APTES) or additives (OP1230, OP1311). When the nitrogen and the phosphorus co-precursors were used, two coating methods were studied: a ‘one-pot’ route and a successive layer deposition method. For the “one-pot” method, the three precursors (TEOS, DEPTES, and APTES) were mixed together in the same solutions whereas for the different layers deposition method, the three different treatments were deposited on the fibers successively, first the TEOS, then a mix of TEOS/DEPTES, and finally a mix of TEOS/APTES. After deposition, the sol–gel coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalyzer, and 29Si and 31P solid-state NMR. When only TEOS or a mix of TEOS and DEPTES is used, homogeneous coatings are obtained presenting well-condensed Si units (mainly Q units). When APTES is added, the coatings are less homogenous and agglomerates are present. A lower condensation rate of the Si network is also noticed by solid-state NMR. When additives are used in combination with TEOS, the TEOS forms a homogenous and continuous film at the surface of the fibers, but the flame retardants are not well distributed and form aggregates. The flame retardant (FR) efficiency of the different treatments on flax fabrics was evaluated using horizontal flame spread test. The following ranking of the different systems is obtained: TEOS + Additives > TEOS > TEOS + DEPTES ~ TEOS + DEPTES + APTES > multilayers. All the sol–gel coatings improve the flame retardant properties of the flax fabric, except the multilayer treatment. Based on these results, the three most efficient sol–gels were selected to prepare sol–gel-modified flax/PA11 composites. The composite modified with only TEOS showed the best FR properties. Surprisingly, the composite modified with the phosphorus-based flame retardant (AlPi) did not exhibit improved FR properties. This effect was attributed to the fact that the amount of the FR additive deposited on the fabrics was too low.

Corrosion resistance and characterization studies of calcium series chemical conversion film via green pretreatment on magnesium alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
Fengjing Wu ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Xin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Az80 Magnesium Alloy

Purpose Magnesium alloys, although valuable, are reactive and require protection before its application in many fields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel anticorrosive chemical conversion film on AZ80 magnesium alloy by environmental-friendly calcium series surface pretreatment. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion resistance of the film was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution. The surface morphologies, microstructure and composition of the film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Findings The corrosion current density of the calcium series film decreased by more than one order of magnitude as compared to that of the AZ80 magnesium alloy. The conversion film presented dry-mud morphology, and its thickness was estimated to be approximately 4 μm. The conversion film was highly hydrophilic, and the organic coating adhesion on treated AZ80 surface was approximately 13.5 MPa. Originality/value Excellent performance of the calcium-based chemical conversion film on Mg alloy was obtained, which does not contain heavy metals or fluorides and completely conforms to European RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) standard.

Preparation and surface modification of Mg(OH)2/siloxane nanocomposite flame retardant

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Heat Resistance ◽  
Good Heat

Abstract In order to obtain flame retardants with good heat resistance, retardant properties and affinity, magnesium hydroxide (MH)/siloxane nanocomposite flame retardants were prepared by the hydrothermal and hypergravity method. The MH and MH/siloxane particles were characterized and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunner-Emment-Teller (BET) measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The results show that the stability of as-prepared MH/siloxane nanocomposite flame retardants is superior to MH particles prepared by other prepared methods, and the agglomeration is significantly reduced. The specific area of the composite particles was reduced, and the affinity and thermal stability were effectively improved. As a kind of filler for polymer, the MH/siloxane nanocomposite could help to improve the reinforcement of the polymer, and the heat resistant and flame retardant properties, which provide the foundation for further application of this nanocomposite as a flame retardant.

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