Using the I2C bus to set up Long Range Wired Sensor and Actuator Networks in Smart Buildings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Addabbo ◽  
Ada Fort ◽  
Marco Mugnaini ◽  
Stefano Parrino ◽  
Alessandro Pozzebon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
I2c Bus ◽  
Set Up

A Survey on Attacks and Defences on LoRaWAN Gateways

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Olof Magnusson ◽  
Rikard Teodorsson ◽  
Joakim Wennerberg ◽  
Stig Arne Knoph
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Replay Attacks ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

LoRaWAN (long-range wide-area network) is an emerging technology for the connection of internet of things (IoT) devices to the internet and can as such be an important part of decision support systems. In this technology, IoT devices are connected to the internet through gateways by using long-range radio signals. However, because LoRaWAN is an open network, anyone has the ability to connect an end device or set up a gateway. Thus, it is important that gateways are designed in such a way that their ability to be used maliciously is limited. This chapter covers relevant attacks against gateways and potential countermeasures against them. A number of different attacks were found in literature, including radio jamming, eavesdropping, replay attacks, and attacks against the implementation of what is called beacons in LoRaWAN. Countermeasures against these attacks are discussed, and a suggestion to improve the security of LoRaWAN is also included.

A Critical Review of German Long-Range Rocket Development

1946 ◽  
Vol 50 (427) ◽  
pp. 483-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. A. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

Serious rocket development was started in Germany in the years 1929–1930 by a few groups of private inventors. This work attracted the attention of the Army Weapons Group in 1933, and in 1937–1938 a special research and development station was set up at Peenemunde at the cost of 300 million marks, and the work was transferred from Berlin to this new station at about that time.

Superficial Discussion on New Framework of Static Equilibrium

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 691-695
Author(s):  
Xiang Ming Zhang ◽  
Li Bao Zhu ◽  
An Wen Wang ◽  
Shao Hong Yang ◽  
Ming Yong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Force System ◽  
Basis Theorem ◽  
Force Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reasonable Description ◽  
New Framework

Statics is set up on the basis of 4 axioms of statics. Although these axioms are distillate and summarizing of the accumulated humankind's experience in long-range production and life, introduction of these axioms to statics seems a bit abrupt, especially the critical axiom "resultant of two forces" far fetched. This article was an attempt to present the embodying description of the effect of force and force system, based on the nature of effect of force and the equivalent and equilibrium of force systems. On this basis, theorem of two forces resultant and the theorem of two forces balance were proved, and the theorem of force systems equivalent was brought up. A new framework of static equilibrium system was built up to try to make a more perfect and more reasonable description for static equilibrium.

scholarly journals LONG-RANGE FRACTAL CORRELATIONS IN LITERARY CORPORA

Fractals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO A. MONTEMURRO ◽  
PEDRO A. PURY
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Long Range Correlations ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Range Correlations ◽  
Linguistic Basis

In this paper, we analyze the fractal structure of long human language records by mapping large samples of texts onto time series. The particular mapping set up in this work is inspired on linguistic basis in the sense that is retains the word as the fundamental unit of communication. The results confirm that beyond the short-range correlations resulting from syntactic rules acting at sentence level, long-range structures emerge in large written language samples that give rise to long-range correlations in the use of words.

Long Range Medical Follow-up and Updating of Computerized Records

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Martin ◽  
J. P. Pointel ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
G. Debry
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Computerized Records ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Information Collecting

In order to follow the clinical course of patients with chronic diseases, it is necessary to have a system for updating their computerized record.To achieve this objective, it is necessary to minimize the length of time devoted to information collecting and to feed the data into the computer in a manner which satisfies two essential criteria:— easy filing process,— easy access to the data for searches.In this article we will consider five aspects of the updating process of a computerized record : a file of records, any record, any elementary item, the lexicon of notions, the results of questioning before and after updating.With such a tool in hand, one can perform longitudinal studies using the data contained in the records. The approach of the authors is not only a formal one. They set up some basic formal principles from an existing experience of processing the data of several thousands of patients with diabetes and give a condensed description of the existing system.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluations of LoRa Wireless Communication in Building Environments

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3828
Author(s):  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Wireless Module ◽  
Story Building ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of things presents tremendous opportunities for the energy management and occupant comfort improvement in smart buildings by making data of environmental and equipment parameters more readily and continuously available. Long-range (LoRa) technology provides a comprehensive wireless solution for data acquisition and communication in smart buildings through its superior performance, such as the long-range transmission, low power consumption and strong penetration. Starting with two vital indicators (network transmission delay and packet loss rate), this study explored the coverage and transmission performances of LoRa in buildings in detail. We deployed three LoRa receiver nodes on the same floor and eight LoRa receiver nodes on different floors in a 16-story building, respectively, where data acquisition terminal was located in the center of the whole building. The communication performance of LoRa was evaluated by changing the send power, communication rate, payload length and position of the wireless module. In the current research, the metrics of LoRa were quantified to facilitate its practical application in smart buildings. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first academic research evaluating RTT performance of LoRa via practical experiments.

Mini Twist: A Study of Long-Range Linear Drive by String Twisting

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Guzek ◽  
Conrad Petersen ◽  
Stephane Constantin ◽  
Hod Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Long Range ◽  
String Tension ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Actuator Design ◽  
The Relationship

Published methods of linear actuation via string transmission are discussed. A novel twisting string actuator design named Mini Twist is introduced. The design and components of the Mini Twist are thoroughly explained, and a theoretical model for its transmission method is discussed. The experimental set-up is defined. Experimental data regarding the relationship between string diameter, string tension, strand count, and strand type is presented, and analysis of the data is provided. The features of the actuator and the validity of the theoretical model are summarized.

The range of attraction of birds as baits for Some West African mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Gillies ◽  
T. J. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Long Range ◽  
West African ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

AbstractThe long range orientation of West African mosquitoes to birds was studied using ramp-traps set up 3–23 m from the bait. The baits comprised chickens, ducks, pigeons and the carbon dioxide equivalent of the chickens. From the pattern of convergence of mosquitoes to the baits, it was shown that Anopheles melas Theo. and Culex thalassius Theo. were orienting to all the bird-baits from distances of at least seven metres. Responses to carbon dioxide were only apparent at a distance of three metres indicating the greater range of effect of the chickens over their carbon dioxide equivalent. Mosquitoes of the largely bird-biting C. decens group showed no long range response to any bait, even though they were entering pigeon-baited traps and to a limited extent feeding on the birds. Catches of A. melas in bird-baited traps were larger at the foot of a tall tree than in the foliage at 5·33 m; for Culex spp. the converse was true. Catches of Culex at 5·33 m outside the tree were smaller than within the foliage.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Dynamic Wind-Turbine Wake Wind Fields with Volumetric Long-Range Wind Doppler LiDAR Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beck ◽  
Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Wake Field ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents a method for reconstructing the wake wind field of a wind turbine based on planar light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scans crossing the wake transversally in the vertical and horizontal directions. Volumetric measurements enable the study of wake characteristics in these two directions. Due to a lack of highly resolved wind speed measurements as reference data, we evaluate the reconstruction in a synthetic environment and determine the reconstruction errors. The wake flow of a multi-megawatt wind turbine is calculated within a 10-min large-eddy simulation (LES) for high-thrust loading conditions. We apply a numerical LiDAR simulator to this wake wind field to achieve realistic one-dimensional velocity data. We perform a nacelle-based set-up with combined plan position indicator and range height indicator scans with eight scanning velocities each. We temporally up-sample the synthetic LiDAR data with a weighted combination of forward- and backward-oriented space–time conversion to retrospectively extract high-resolution wake characteristic dynamics. These dynamics are used to create a dynamic volumetric wake deficit. Finally, we reconstruct the dynamic wake wind field in three spatial dimensions by superposing an ambient wind field with the dynamic volumetric wake deficit. These results demonstrate the feasibility of wake field reconstruction using long-range LiDAR measurements.

A PAIR POTENTIAL FOR THE COOPER PAIR IN THE HIGH-Tc CUPRATES

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1447-1453
Author(s):  
FU-SUI LIU ◽  
WAN-FANG CHEN ◽  
T.-P. CHEN ◽  
J. T. WANG
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Cooper Pair ◽  
Pair Potential ◽  
Hole Doping ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Superconductive State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Tc Cuprates

Taking the two-local-spin-mediated interaction (TLSMI) as the pair potential for the Cooper pair and considering the long-range phase coherence (LRPC), the empirical formula of T c versus hole doping is explained and the physical picture for the pseudogap and the gap in superconductive state is set up. The superconductivity in PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ and CuCl at high pressure and Fe 1-x S is discussed.

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