Distribution Loss Analysis of DC Microgrids for Rural Electrification

Solar photovoltaic (PV) direct current (DC) microgrids have gained significant popularity during the last decade for low cost and sustainable rural electrification. Various system architectures have been practically deployed, however, their assessment concerning system sizing, losses, and operational efficiency is not readily available in the literature. Therefore, in this research work, a mathematical framework for the comparative analysis of various architectures of solar photovoltaic-based DC microgrids for rural applications is presented. The compared architectures mainly include (a) central generation and central storage architecture, (b) central generation and distributed storage architecture, (c) distributed generation and central storage architecture, and (d) distributed generation and distributed storage architecture. Each architecture is evaluated for losses, including distribution losses and power electronic conversion losses, for typical power delivery from source end to the load end in the custom village settings. Newton–Raphson method modified for DC power flow was used for distribution loss analysis, while power electronic converter loss modeling along with the Matlab curve-fitting tool was used for the evaluation of power electronic losses. Based upon the loss analysis, a framework for DC microgrid components (PV and battery) sizing was presented and also applied to the various architectures under consideration. The case study results show that distributed generation and distributed storage architecture with typical usage diversity of 40% is the most feasible architecture from both system sizing and operational cost perspectives and is 13% more efficient from central generation and central storage architecture for a typical village of 40 houses. The presented framework and the analysis results will be useful in selecting an optimal DC microgrid architecture for future rural electrification implementations.

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Quantifying the Benefits of a Solar Home System-Based DC Microgrid for Rural Electrification

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12050938 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 938 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nishant Narayan ◽

Ali Chamseddine ◽

Victor Vega-Garita ◽

Zian Qin ◽

Jelena Popovic-Gerber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Deficit ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Dc Microgrid ◽

Dc Microgrids ◽

Solar Home System ◽

Tier 3 ◽

Electricity Access ◽

The Impact ◽

Adequate Power

Off-grid solar home systems (SHSs) currently constitute a major source of providing basic electricity needs in un(der)-electrified regions of the world, with around 73 million households having benefited from off-grid solar solutions by 2017. However, in and of itself, state-of-the-art SHSs can only provide electricity access with adequate power supply availability up to tier 2, and to some extent, tier 3 levels of the Multi-tier Framework (MTF) for measuring household electricity access. When considering system metrics of loss of load probability (LLP) and battery size, meeting the electricity needs of tiers 4 and 5 is untenable through SHSs alone. Alternatively, a bottom-up microgrid composed of interconnected SHSs is proposed. Such an approach can enable the so-called climb up the rural electrification ladder. The impact of the microgrid size on the system metrics like LLP and energy deficit is evaluated. Finally, it is found that the interconnected SHS-based microgrid can provide more than 40% and 30% gains in battery sizing for the same LLP level as compared to the standalone SHSs sizes for tiers 4 and 5 of the MTF, respectively, thus quantifying the definite gains of an SHS-based microgrid over standalone SHSs. This study paves the way for visualizing SHS-based rural DC microgrids that can not only enable electricity access to the higher tiers of the MTF with lower battery storage needs but also make use of existing SHS infrastructure, thus enabling a technologically easy climb up the rural electrification ladder.

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Scalable DC Microgrids for Rural Electrification in Emerging Regions

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics ◽

10.1109/jestpe.2016.2570229 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1195-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Parimalram Achintya Madduri ◽

Jason Poon ◽

Javier Rosa ◽

Matthew Podolsky ◽

Eric A. Brewer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Electrification ◽

Dc Microgrids

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Parametric Analysis of Centralized DC Microgrids for Rural Electrification

2019 IEEE Third International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM) ◽

10.1109/icdcm45535.2019.9232695 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mashood Nasir ◽

Saqib Iqbal ◽

Hassan Abbas Khan

Keyword(s):

Parametric Analysis ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Dc Microgrids

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High energy resolution spectrometer for the dedicated STEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100112725 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 558-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.E. Batson

Keyword(s):

Collection Efficiency ◽

Core Loss ◽

Beam Current ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Resolution ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Good Definition ◽

Loss Analysis ◽

Definition Of ◽

Acceleration Voltage

Use of the STEM to obtain precise electronic information has been hampered by the lack of energy loss analysis capable of a resolution and accuracy comparable to the 0.3eV energy width of the Field Emission Source. Recent work by Park, et. al. and earlier by Crewe, et. al. have promised magnetic sector devices that are capable of about 0.75eV resolution at collection angles (about 15mR) which are great enough to allow efficient use of the STEM probe current. These devices are also capable of 0.3eV resolution at smaller collection angles (4-5mR). The problem that arises, however, lies in the fact that, even with the collection efficiency approaching 1.0, several minutes of collection time are necessary for a good definition of a typical core loss or electronic transition. This is a result of the relatively small total beam current (1-10nA) that is available in the dedicated STEM. During this acquisition time, the STEM acceleration voltage may fluctuate by as much as 0.5-1.0V.

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The author's reply to the discussions on “Rural electrification” at London, Manchester, Leeds, Derby and Birmingham

Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers ◽

10.1049/jiee-1.1938.0052 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 82 (496) ◽

pp. 378-386

Author(s):

J.S. Pickles

Keyword(s):

Rural Electrification

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Empirical analysis of market boundaries in telecommunications

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-9-90-111 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 90-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalia S. Pavlova ◽

Andrey Е. Shastitko

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Mass Distribution ◽

End Users ◽

Economic Modeling ◽

Empirical Approach ◽

Antitrust Law ◽

Technological Changes ◽

Loss Analysis ◽

E Mail

The article deals with the problem of determining market boundaries for antitrust law enforcement in the field of telecommunications. An empirical approach has been proposed for determining the product boundaries of the market in the area of mass distribution of messages, taking into account the comparative characteristics of the types and methods of notification (informing) of end users; the possibilities of switching from one way of informing to another, including the evolution of such opportunities under the influence of technological changes; switching between different notification methods. Based on the use of surveys of customers of sending SMS messages, it is shown that the product boundaries should include not only sending messages via SMS, but also e-mail, instant messengers, Push notifications and voice information. The paper illustrates the possibilities of applying the method of critical loss analysis to determining the boundaries of markets based on a mixture of surveys and economic modeling.

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