The Effect of Operational Variables on the Performance of Electrochemical Water Treatment for Drinking Purposes

The main purpose of the study was to assess the water coming to the consumer from the sources of centralized and non-centralized water supply in different parts of the Peninsula and used by the population of the Republic of Crimea for drinking purposes, in terms of their physiological value, with the identification of possible risks to public health. Outdated equipment and methods of treatment of water treatment plants do not provide the necessary level of quality of drinking water. Residents of many settlements are forced to use water from underground sources, especially in the steppe and Northern Crimea, with increased mineralization (up to 2 g/dm3 and more) and hardness. To achieve this goal, water samples were taken from different water sources (tap water, wells, wells) covering the South-Eastern part of the Peninsula, their chemical composition was determined, as well as a comparative analysis of the obtained salt composition of water to assess their physiological usefulness and compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards. The discrepancy of physiological fullness and sanitary and hygienic standards on mineral composition was established. The content of calcium, potassium and sodium in the test waters are acceptable. To ensure the full value of water it is necessary to conduct additional water treatment, as water of inadequate quality has a negative impact on human health.

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CONTACT CLARIFIERS IN THE PREPARATION OF DRINKING WATER

Municipal economy of cities ◽

10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-46-52 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (161) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

S. Dushkin ◽

G. Blagodarna ◽

S. Dushkin ◽

T. Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Total Content ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Physicochemical Conditions ◽

Turbid Waters ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Usual Scheme ◽

The Cost

The article discusses the problem of improving the technological process of clarifying water for drinking purposes using contact clarifiers, which allows to reduce the consumption of reagents, improve water quality, reduce capital and operating costs, and reduce the cost of water. The method of water treatment, based on the use of the phenomenon of contact coagulation, is called the method of contact clarification. This method is able to provide a high and stable effect under various physicochemical conditions of coagulation, changing according to the seasons of the year with lower doses of coagulant than in the usual scheme of water treatment with sedimentation and filtration. It was found that the contact coagulation of suspended and colloidal impurities of water on sand grains when water moves through granular filters is faster, more complete, more stable when the physicochemical conditions of coagulation change according to the seasons of the year. And, finally, at lower doses of coagulant than the usual coagulation of these impurities in the free volume of water in flocculation chambers and settling tanks. It is advisable to use contact clarifier in one-stage treatment schemes for low-turbid colored waters, when the total content of suspended solids in the water supplied to the contact clarifiers, including the suspension that is formed as a result of the introduction of reagents into the water, does not exceed 150 mg/dm3. With a higher suspension content in water, the water consumption for flushing contact clarifiers increases sharply. It was found that the zones of contact coagulation when using a conventional coagulant solution are slightly smaller than when treating water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate (the latter takes place on the curves of contact coagulation of both low-turbid and turbid waters). The analysis of contact coagulation zones shows that when treating water using a modified coagulant solution, it makes it possible to reduce the calculated doses of coagulant by an average of 30-45% without deteriorating the quality of water clarification.

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Modern Methods of Water Treatment

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1945_153_029_02 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 282-293

Author(s):

A. J. R. Walter

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Feed Water ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Combined Use ◽

Materials Used ◽

Efficient Power ◽

Boiler Feed Water

Water is one of the most important raw materials used in industry. Its uses are multifarious, including the processing of other materials, steam and power generation, cooling condensers and water-jacketed machinery, and for drinking purposes. It is often spoken of as “pure”, but in fact seldom is. Indeed, all natural water supplies contain impurities which often have a profound and far-reaching effect on the products being made and on the manufacturing costs. This fact has become more and more realized as industry has progressed. The introduction of new processes for materials and more efficient power generation has in turn made essential the removal of even extremely small amounts of impurities from water that a few years ago would have been tolerated. For example, the increase in boiler pressures alone over the last twenty-five years has called for complete revision of the quality standard of boiler feed water. Fortunately those responsible for research into, and practising the art of, water purification have kept a step ahead of these new requirements and most waters can now be treated in one way or another so as to render them suitable for practically any purpose. Revolutionary discoveries have been made and applied in the field of water treatment. This paper describes the major advances, among them new crystallization and precipitation processes developed for lime-soda softening and particularly the entirely new chemical field discovered in hydrogen ion exchange materials and acid adsorption materials. The combined use of these two new discoveries has resulted in the development of equipment for the production of the equivalent of distilled water without heat or evaporation.

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Interface Science in Drinking Water Treatment - Theory and Application

10.1016/s1573-4285(06)x8069-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Interface Science ◽

Treatment Theory

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Modeling and Control of a Chemical Waste Water Treatment Plant

Computers & Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/s0098-1354(97)00171-3 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. S947-S952 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Miller

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽

Chemical Waste ◽

Modeling And Control ◽

And Control

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Optimization of Residence Time Distribution in Small Water Treatment Systems

Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽

10.1061/9780784415313.ch15 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 123-130

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Residence Time ◽

Time Distribution ◽

Residence Time Distribution ◽

Small Water

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To the issue of water treatment by hydrocyclone on the systems of the combined irrigation

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2019-2-21-25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (2) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Nikolay Dubenok ◽

Andrey Novikov ◽

Sergei Borodychev ◽

Maria Lamskova

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Cylindrical Part ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Drain Pipe ◽

Irrigation Network

At the stage of water treatment for irrigation systems, the efficiency capture coarse and fine mechanical impurities, as well as oil products and organic compounds affects the reliability of the equipment of the irrigation network and the safety of energy exchange processes in irrigated agricultural landscapes. The violation of work irrigation system can cause disruptions in irrigation schedules of agricultural crops, crop shortages, degradation phenomena on the soil and ecological tension. For the combined irrigation system, a water treatment unit has been developed, representing a hydrocyclone apparatus with a pipe filter in the case. For the capacity of 250 m3/h the main geometrical dimensions of hydrocyclone have been calculated. To organize the capture petroleum products and organic compounds, it has been proposed a modernization of a hydrocyclone unit, consisting in dividing the cylindrical part of the apparatus into two section. The first is section is for input irrigation water, the second one is for additional drainage of clarified irrigation water after sorption purification by the filter, placed on the disk and installed coaxially with the drain pipe and the pipe filter.

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