scholarly journals CONTACT CLARIFIERS IN THE PREPARATION OF DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (161) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
S. Dushkin ◽  
G. Blagodarna ◽  
S. Dushkin ◽  
T. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Usual Scheme ◽  
The Cost

The article discusses the problem of improving the technological process of clarifying water for drinking purposes using contact clarifiers, which allows to reduce the consumption of reagents, improve water quality, reduce capital and operating costs, and reduce the cost of water. The method of water treatment, based on the use of the phenomenon of contact coagulation, is called the method of contact clarification. This method is able to provide a high and stable effect under various physicochemical conditions of coagulation, changing according to the seasons of the year with lower doses of coagulant than in the usual scheme of water treatment with sedimentation and filtration. It was found that the contact coagulation of suspended and colloidal impurities of water on sand grains when water moves through granular filters is faster, more complete, more stable when the physicochemical conditions of coagulation change according to the seasons of the year. And, finally, at lower doses of coagulant than the usual coagulation of these impurities in the free volume of water in flocculation chambers and settling tanks. It is advisable to use contact clarifier in one-stage treatment schemes for low-turbid colored waters, when the total content of suspended solids in the water supplied to the contact clarifiers, including the suspension that is formed as a result of the introduction of reagents into the water, does not exceed 150 mg/dm3. With a higher suspension content in water, the water consumption for flushing contact clarifiers increases sharply. It was found that the zones of contact coagulation when using a conventional coagulant solution are slightly smaller than when treating water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate (the latter takes place on the curves of contact coagulation of both low-turbid and turbid waters). The analysis of contact coagulation zones shows that when treating water using a modified coagulant solution, it makes it possible to reduce the calculated doses of coagulant by an average of 30-45% without deteriorating the quality of water clarification.

scholarly journals USE OF MODIFIED REAGENTS SOLUTIONS WHEN PREPARING DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
S. Dushkin ◽  
T. Shevchenko ◽  
O. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Clarified Water

Currently, attention is paid to the intensification of the process of natural and wastewater treatment, improvement of technology, development of new effective methods of intensification of water treatment. This will simplify the existing technology of water treatment, reduce labor-intensive processes of preparation and dosing of reagents, reduce the cost of operating treatment plants, increase their productivity, improve quality and reduce the cost of treated water. Treatment of water with a modified coagulant solution allows to increase the hydraulic size of the coagulated suspension. The strongest effect of the modified coagulant solution has on the hydraulic suspension size of 0.2 mm/s and less, i.e. the smallest and the suspension, which is difficult to remove, which creates conditions for more intensive sedimentation in settling tanks and improve the quality of water clarification and fed to fast filters. It has been experimentally determined that the treatment of water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant should be performed when the content of suspended solids in the clarified water is up to 100–150 mg / dm3. The color of the clarified water during treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant does not depend on the content of suspended solids and is 1.5-1.6 times lower than the color than when using a conventional coagulant solution. It is established that the use of a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant in water purification can reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%. The results of researches of the modified solutions of reagents which are used at preparation of drinking water are presented. It is established that water treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant allows to improve the quality of drinking water preparation by suspended solids, color, reduce the content of aluminum salts in the clarified water, thereby increasing the environmental safety of drinking water.

scholarly journals Efficiency of application of the microbiological method of waste water treatment to remove hexamethylendiamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Valeriia Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Alina Dychko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Nutrition Source

Wastewater contaminated with hexamethylenediamine (HMD), which is discharged into natural reservoirs, causes damage and loss of hydrobionts, worsens the quality of water which becomes unsuitable for use. For wastewater treatment from HMD, the possibility of applying bacterial cultures-destructors which use the HMD as a nutrition source is considered.

scholarly journals SEMENTES DE Moringa oleífera Lam: EFICIÊNCIA NO USO DE COAGULANTE BIOLÓGICO NO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA COM TURBIDEZ, COMPARADO AO COAGULANTE QUÍMICO SULFATO DE ALUMÍNIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Maiara Luzia Grigoli OLIVIO ◽  
Elizângela Flávia Jacob ESTEVES ◽  
Dagmar Aparecida de Marco FERRO
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Comumente o sulfato de alumínio é o coagulante químico utilizado nas Estações de Tratamentos para a clarificação da água, embora produza um lodo tóxico de difícil deposição no ambiente. No entanto, os coagulantes naturais como sementes de Moringa oleífera Lam. têm demonstrado vantagens para tratamento em comparação aos químicos, pela simplicidade de uso e baixo custo. O estudo objetivou analisar a eficiência coagulante da semente de Moringa oleífera na clarificação de água com turbidez e comparar com os parâmetros do coagulante químico sulfato de alumínio. As amostras de água foram coletadas no Córrego Jacu Queimado e as sementes colhidas em um plantio da própria espécie. Foram realizados, em laboratório, etapas sequenciais do experimento: comparação da eficiência da semente verde e seca, determinação da concentração e tempo de exposição da semente à água, comparação de agitação manual e magnética entre elas e do coagulante biológico com o químico, sendo analisados os aspectos físico, químico e biológico antes e após a adição de ambos. Observou-se que apenas a semente seca realiza a clarificação da água em comparação com os resultados das análises da água clarificada com o sulfato, determinando-se que 5 sementes são eficazes para tratar 1 litro de água com turbidez de até 25,0 NTU, considerando-se mais relevante a agitação manual para o efeito de coagulação e o aguardo de 2 horas para o término da decantação. Conclui-se, que a semente de Moringa é um coagulante biológico que se apresenta como alternativa para o tratamento de água com turbidez, porém, ainda não é indicada para a potabilidade. É preciso dar continuidade ao tratamento em busca de processos que visam melhorar a qualidade da água para aproximar-se aos parâmetros aceitáveis para o consumo humano.   Moringa oleífera Lam SEEDS: EFFICIENT USE OF BIOLOGICAL COAGULANT FOR WATER TURBIDITY TREATMENT, COMPARED TO ALUMINUM SULFATE CHEMICAL COAGULANT   ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate is a chemical coagulant commonly used at Water Treatment Plants for water clarification, although it produces a toxic sludge of difficult deposition in the environment. However, natural coagulants such as Moringa oleíferaLam seeds have evidenced the advantages for the treatment when compared to chemicals, due to either their simplicity in and low cost.  This research aims at reviewing the efficient use of   Moringa oleífera seeds as coagulants for turbid water clarification as well as comparing the parameters of aluminum sulfate chemical coagulants. The water samples were collected at Córrego Jacu Queimado and the seeds were harvested from a crop of its own species. Sequential steps were performed in the lab for this experiment: Comparison of green and dry seeds efficiency, concentration and time of exposition of the seed to water measurements, comparison of manual and magnetic stirring among them and among biological and chemical coagulants, being analyzed physical, chemical and biological aspects before and after adding both of them. It was observed that only the dry seed enables water clarification when comparing the analysis results to sulfate water clarification, it was ascertained that 5 seeds are efficient to treat a liter of 25,0 NTU turbidity in water, considering as more relevant manual stirring for coagulation effect after a two-hour rest for decantation completion. It was concluded that Moringa seed is a biological coagulant presented as an alternative for turbid water treatment, although it is not indicated for drinkability. Further treatment is necessary in order to keep searching for processes that target to improve the quality of water and meeting acceptable parameters for water consumption.   Keywords: Biological Coagulant. Chemical Coagulant. Efficiency. Water Clarification. Comparative Parameters.

scholarly journals PDAM Sakit, Sakitlah Pelanggan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Water

Quality of water treatment can influence people health especially waterborne deseases and mineral contained in water like heavy metals etc.

scholarly journals Design and application of water treatment technology for Karya Makmur Hamlet, Batuah Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2232-2238
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin Sirajuddin ◽  
Firman Firman ◽  
Harjanto Harjanto ◽  
Alwathan Alwathan ◽  
Sitti Sahraeni
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Treatment Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

The clean water service of PDAM Loa Janan Sub-district has not yet reached all villages, including Batuah Village, which has not yet received clean water services from the government. To meet the need for clean water for the people of Batuah Village, they use drilled well water, dug water that does not meet health standards because it contains heavy metals that are toxic (poisonous). This activity aims to meet the needs of clean water for the community in Batuah Village. Activities start from identifying the potential and quality of raw water sources which include physical, chemical and biological parameters, designing and manufacturing clean water treatment units as well as testing the quality of water products produced, socialization and training to partner groups on the process of operating clean water treatment technology and monitoring the sustainability of the water treatment process after being managed independently by the partner group.

A concept for an integrative consideration of the drinking water and wastewater/sewage management

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bjørnsen ◽  
Rolf Gimbel ◽  
Hans-Dieter Spangenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To guarantee drinking water of high quality not only the drinking water treatment must be of high standards but also the quality of water resources should be the best possible. Therefore, pollution control and pollution risk management in the catchment areas of water resources are important parts of an overall water management concept. This includes the assessment of physical and chemical parameters as well as bacteriological parameters, especially hygienic parameters. A concept for an integrative consideration of drinking water treatment and quality management of water resources is presented.

METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION AT THE STAGE OF WATER TREATMENT FOR FEEDING BOILERS AND THEIR OWN TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS AT THE PLANT CHPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 099-103
Author(s):  
M. V. Vasina ◽  
◽  
A. S. GOLYSH ◽  
K. V. TROFIMENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

This work consists of the characteristics of production, assessment of the qualitative and quantitative composition of water, consideration of the process of water purification in the chemical shop, comparison and selection of coagulants and flocculants, and demonstration of the most affordable technology used at the CHPP which increases the efficiency of source water purification. The problem of pretreatment of the source water has always been relevant. The quality of the water used depends on the operation of boilers and turbines at the CHPP. The paper presents the average annual indicators of the quality of the source water, pre-treatment methods, and considers which reagents that do not require the cost of reconstruction of clarifiers can improve their performance. The initial water after the application of the test samples of coagulants and flocculants was studied. Conclusions are drawn about the work of clarifiers after the use of the proposed reagents.

An assessment of the willingness to pay for reliable water supply in NCT-Delhi

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Nallathiga
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
The Cost

Water is increasingly becoming a scarcer commodity, particularly in large cities of developing countries. Drinking water is an important use of water which has been catered for by most of the local governments. However, it is provided with a varying degree of reliability and the cost of this is not known. Consumers would like to pay for a reliable water supply besides what they pay for the normal water supply (both quantity and quality of water supplied). This paper presents an application of the contingent valuation method (CVM) for estimating the value of reliable water supply in National Capital Territory (NCT) – Delhi. The study implications and the lessons accruing from it are also summarized.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus’s Seed as Turbidity Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Kamel S ◽  
Zaki Z. Z. M ◽  
Kassim J
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
High Turbidity

High turbidity in water not only will reduce the quality of water itself but it can give impact to the ecosystem as well. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation are the process involved in removing turbidity. Chemical coagulant such as aluminium sulfate (Alum) and ferric chloride are effective way and widely used in order to remove the turbidity in water. However, these chemical coagulants have a side effect in spite of the effectiveness in turbidity removal, the usage of alum and other chemical coagulants bring concerns due to its impact to the environment, human health and economy. Therefore, natural coagulant is another alternative for turbidity removal in water treatment. Natural coagulant is a plant-based coagulant which can be used to replace chemical coagulants. These coagulants are generally cheaper and safer than chemical counterparts. This research is conducted to compare the effectiveness of natural based coagulant made from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus and chemical coagulant in improving the quality of raw water. Findings from this study showed P. tetragonolobus can remove turbidity up to 60 percent with 40 ml, 1% solution. Therefore, P. tetragonolobus can be considered as a potential resource for natural coagulant.  

scholarly journals Costs of Altering the Quality of Water in Cayuga Lake by Reducing Phosphorus Losses from a Rural Watershed

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Casler ◽  
James J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Cayuga Lake ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
Land Runoff

The objective of this paper is to compare alternative ways of reducing the input of biologically available phosphorus to Cayuga Lake from the Fall Creek watershed. This watershed covers 125 square miles, contains 130 dairy farms, has a population of 12,000, and is one of the major tributaries of the lake. Comparisons are made on the basis of the cost per pound of biologically available phosphorus prevented from entering the lake. Four sources of phosphorus, three of them farm-related, are considered: (1) land runoff as related to soil erosion; (2) land runoff as related to manure applications; (3) barnyard runoff; and (4) municipal sewage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document