Novel, low cost, efficient manual Cum Automation Based Alcohol & Ethanol Production Plant

Super-hydrophobic porous absorbent is a convenient, low-cost, efficient and environment-friendly material in the treatment of oil spills. In this work, a simple Pickering emulsion template method was employed to fabricate...

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Steam Ejector Used as a Substitute for Cooling Tower in the Ethanol Production Process

Volume 1: Heat Transfer in Energy Systems; Thermophysical Properties; Heat Transfer Equipment; Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment ◽

10.1115/ht2009-88641 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz Antonio Negro Martin Lopez ◽

Daniel Kao Sun Ting ◽

Alfredo Jose´ Alvim de Castro

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Production Process ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Production Plant ◽

Cooling Towers ◽

Steam Ejector ◽

Sugar Cane Juice

Nowadays petroleum dependency in transportation is widely discussed all over the world. Atmospheric pollution and global warming are deleterious consequences of gasoline consumption. Ethanol is a natural substitute fuel that has been increasingly used. One of the most important raw materials used for ethanol production is the sugar cane. The exothermic fermentation reaction of the sugar cane juice in the ethanol production process requires a rigorous temperature control. This control is usually made by using cooling water from cooling towers. The heat released from cooling towers not only has an economical cost as well as it contributes to the global heating. Steam ejectors can substitute cooling towers thus improving the ethanol production plant efficiency and reducing world heating. Furthermore, steam ejectors are smaller, cheaper and are very simple equipment when compared with cooling towers. Furthermore, its use provides an improved thermal efficiency of the production plant resulting in the reduction of the global warming effects. In this work the use of steam ejector is proposed for the fermentation cooling of a typical Brazilian sugar and ethanol production plant. The steam which feeds the steam ejector is obtained from the plant utilities and the low temperature obtained from steam expansion within the ejector is used for sugar cane fermentation process cooling. The steam ejector discharge heat is recovered as it is used to sugar and ethanol production process heating. The sugar and ethanol production plant overall energy fluxes either using cooling towers as well as using steam ejectors are presented and the results are compared and discussed.

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A Novel Adaptive Pixels Segmentation Algorithm for Pavement Crack Detection

10.31124/advance.13601339.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nima Safaei ◽

Omar Smadi ◽

Babak Safaei ◽

Arezoo Masoud

Keyword(s):

Crack Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Local Level ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Segmentation Algorithm ◽

Pavement Maintenance ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Pavement Crack Detection

Cracks considerably reduce the life span of pavement surfaces. Currently, there is a need for the development of robust automated distress evaluation systems that comprise a low-cost crack detection method for performing fast and cost-effective roadway health monitoring practices. Most of the current methods are costly and have labor-intensive learning processes, so they are not suitable for small local-level projects with limited resources or are only usable for specific pavement types. This paper proposes a new method that uses an improved version of the weighted neighborhood pixels segmentation algorithm to detect cracks in 2-D pavement images. This method uses the Gaussian cumulative density function as the adaptive threshold to overcome the drawback of fixed thresholds in noisy environments. The proposed algorithm was tested on 300 images containing a wide range of noise representative of different noise conditions. This method proved to be time and cost-efficient as it took less than 3.15 seconds per 320 × 480 pixels image for a Xeon (R) 3.70 GHz CPU processor to determine the detection results. This makes the model a perfect choice for county-level pavement maintenance projects requiring cost-effective pavement crack detection systems. The validation results were promising for the detection of low to severe-level cracks (Accuracy = 97.3%, Precision = 79.21%, Recall= 89.18% and F1 score = 83.9%).

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Advanced High Strength Steel in Auto Industry: an Overview

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.444 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 686-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. Baluch ◽

Z. M. Udin ◽

C. S. Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Automotive Industry ◽

High Strength Steel ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Strength ◽

Direct Result ◽

Advanced High Strength Steel ◽

Geometrical Form ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Safety Attributes ◽

Selection Of

The world’s most common alloy, steel, is the material of choice when it comes to making products as diverse as oil rigs to cars and planes to skyscrapers, simply because of its functionality, adaptability, machine-ability and strength. Newly developed grades of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) significantly outperform competing materials for current and future automotive applications. This is a direct result of steel’s performance flexibility, as well as of its many benefits including low cost, weight reduction capability, safety attributes, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and superior recyclability. To improve crash worthiness and fuel economy, the automotive industry is, increasingly, using AHSS. Today, and in the future, automotive manufacturers must reduce the overall weight of their cars. The most cost-efficient way to do this is with AHSS. However, there are several parameters that decide which of the AHSS types to be used; the most important parameters are derived from the geometrical form of the component and the selection of forming and blanking methods. This paper describes the different types of AHSS, highlights their advantages for use in auto metal stampings, and discusses about the new challenges faced by stampers, particularly those serving the automotive industry.

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Techno-economic evaluation of residue exhaustion in batch rectification ethanol production plant

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci160601267j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6 Part B) ◽

pp. 2971-2980

Author(s):

Branislav Jacimovic ◽

Srbislav Genic ◽

Nikola Budimir ◽

Marko Jaric

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Production Plant ◽

Residual Liquid ◽

Economic Optimization ◽

Batch Plant

This paper presents the techno-economic optimization of batch plant for production of rectified alcohol based on the concentration of ethanol in residue. The aim of the analysis was to determine the extent to which it is economically profitable to exhaust the residual liquid in boiler. The "profit production" criterion is used for calculations.

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ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF PtM (M=Co, Cu, Ni) CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON CARBON VULCAN FOR OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION (ORR) IN FUEL CELLS

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/56/2a/12633 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (2A) ◽

pp. 81-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vu Thi Hong Phuong

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Low Cost ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Carbon Powder ◽

Galvanic Replacement ◽

H2o2 Formation ◽

Cost Efficient

PEMFC - proton exchange membrane fuel cell is electrochemical devices producing electricity and heat from reaction between a fuel (often hydrogen) and oxygen. Therefore, energy production is generally clean and effective without burning the fuel like the tradition way in combustion engines. The obstacles encountered fuel cell commercialization are mainly due to expensive catalyst materials (Platinum) and long-term instability performance. For this reason, numerous investigations have been undertaken with the goal of developing low-cost, efficient electrocatalysts that can be used as alternatives to Pt. In this paper, a two-step procedure at room temperature was applied to prepare a bimetallic Pt-M(M = metal) supported carbon Vulcan. First, the chemical reduction of M metal ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of carbon powder is performed. Second, the partial galvanic replacement of M particle layers by Pt is achieved upon immersion in a chloroplatinate solution. The major size of synthesized metallic particles was around 2-3 nm. From the slope of Koutecky-Levich plot for ORR using PtM/C materials as catalysts it was found that the overall electron transfer number ranged from 3 to 4, leading to the suggestion of H2O2 formation as an intermediate of the ORR.

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Technical Note: Evaluation of a low-cost evaporation protection method for portable water samplers

10.5194/hess-2020-341 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jana von Freyberg ◽

Julia L. A. Knapp ◽

Andrea Rücker ◽

Bjørn Studer ◽

James W. Kirchner

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Low Cost ◽

Isotopic Fractionation ◽

Field Tests ◽

Isotopic Signature ◽

Technical Note ◽

Stable Water Isotopes ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Protection Method ◽

Cost Efficient

Abstract. Automated field sampling of streamwater or precipitation for subsequent analysis of stable water isotopes (2H and 18O) is often conducted with off-the-shelf automated samplers. However, water samples stored in the field for days and weeks in open bottles inside autosamplers undergo isotopic fractionation and vapor mixing, thus altering their isotopic signature. We therefore designed an evaporation protection method which modifies autosampler bottles using a syringe housing and silicone tube, and tested whether this method reduces evaporative fractionation and vapor mixing in water samples stored for up to 24 days in ISCO autosamplers (Teledyne ISCO., Lincoln, US). Laboratory and field tests under different temperature and humidity conditions showed that water samples in bottles with evaporation protection were far less altered by evaporative fractionation and vapor mixing than samples in conventional open bottles. Our design is a cost-efficient approach to upgrade the 1-litre sample bottles of ISCO 6712 Full-size Portable Samplers, allowing secure water sample collection in warm and dry environments. Our design can be readily adapted (e.g., by using a different syringe size) to fit the bottles used by many other field autosamplers.

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Hydraulic Mixing Modelling in Reactor for Biogas Production

Chemical and Process Engineering ◽

10.2478/v10176-012-0052-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 621-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrzej G. Chmielewski ◽

Aleksandra Berbeć ◽

Michał Zalewski ◽

Andrzej Dobrowolski

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Plant ◽

Mixing Conditions ◽

Cfd Modelling ◽

Two Stage ◽

Industrial Installation

Two-stage biogas production plant consists of two reactors: a hydrolyser and a fermentor. The bioreactor construction has to meet three requirements: low cost and simplicity of construction and good biomass mixing conditions with an application of appropriate method. This paper reports CFD modelling of hydraulic mixing in the tank to be applied in a two-stage industrial installation.

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