A method to lower power in speed negotiation algorithm of fiber channel

PV self-consumption can contribute positively to the spread of PV and, therefore, to the progress of renewable energies as a key element in a decarbonized energy model. However, the policies of each country regarding the promotion of this type of renewable technology is fundamental for their growth. Despite the high number of sunshine hours registered in Spain, self-consumption in this country has not been authorized until recently. In this new context, this work presents a systematic study of the profitability limits of a self-consumption PV installation under different conditions of installed peak power, orientation and inclination of the PV panels and level of obstruction of the installation. It was proved that, for the case of study (Córdoba, Spain), the maximum profitability was achieved for PV panels oriented to the south and with an inclination of 15° whereas the most unfavourable conditions are those of PV panels with an orientation and inclination of 180° and 90°, respectively. Furthermore, when the level of obstruction increases the maximum of the Net Present Value of self-consumptions PV installations decreases and this optimal value is achieved for installations with lower power. Finally, empirical adjustment equations have been developed to estimate the profitability parameters of self-consumptions PV installations as a function of their design variables.

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Key Distribution Scheme for Optical Fiber Channel Based on SNR Feature Measurement

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8060208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Xiangqing Wang ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Bo Wang ◽

Kongni Zhu ◽

Haokun Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fiber ◽

Optical Networks ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Key Distribution ◽

Key Generation ◽

Sensitive Data ◽

Big Data Applications ◽

Distribution Scheme ◽

Fiber Channel ◽

Physical Level

With the increase in the popularity of cloud computing and big data applications, the amount of sensitive data transmitted through optical networks has increased dramatically. Furthermore, optical transmission systems face various security risks at the physical level. We propose a novel key distribution scheme based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements to extract the fingerprint of the fiber channel and improve the physical level of security. The SNR varies with time because the fiber channel is affected by many physical characteristics, such as dispersion, polarization, scattering, and amplifier noise. The extracted SNR of the optical fiber channel can be used as the basis of key generation. Alice and Bob can obtain channel characteristics by measuring the SNR of the optical fiber channel and generate the consistent key by quantization coding. The security and consistency of the key are guaranteed by the randomness and reciprocity of the channel. The simulation results show that the key generation rate (KGR) can reach 25 kbps, the key consistency rate (KCR) can reach 98% after key post-processing, and the error probability of Eve’s key is ~50%. In the proposed scheme, the equipment used is simple and compatible with existing optic fiber links.

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Dichotomization, Partial Correlation, and Conditional Independence

Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics ◽

10.3102/10769986021003264 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 264-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

András Vargha ◽

Tamás Rudas ◽

Harold D. Delaney ◽

Scott E. Maxwell

Keyword(s):

Conditional Independence ◽

Partial Correlation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Conventional Wisdom ◽

Predictor Variables ◽

Lower Power ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

Current Article ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

It was recently demonstrated that performing median splits on both of two predictor variables could sometimes result in spurious statistical significance instead of lower power. Not only is the conventional wisdom that dichotomization always lowers power incorrect, but the current article further demonstrates that inflation of apparent effects can also occur in certain cases where only one of two predictor variables is dichotomized. In addition, we show that previously published formulas claiming that correlations are necessarily reduced by bivariate dichotomization are incorrect. While the magnitude of the difference between the correct and incorrect formulas is not great for small or moderate correlations, it is important to correct the misunderstanding of partial correlations that led to the error in the previous derivations. This is done by considering the relationship between partial correlation and conditional independence in the context of dichotomized predictor variables.

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A LOW-POWER AND HIGH-SPEED D FLIP-FLOP USING A SINGLE LATCH

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126602000239 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

ROBERT C. CHANG ◽

L.-C. HSU ◽

M.-C. SUN

Keyword(s):

Power Consumption ◽

Low Power ◽

Power Dissipation ◽

High Speed ◽

Operating Frequency ◽

Flip Flop ◽

Lower Power ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Hspice Simulation

A novel low-power and high-speed D flip-flop is presented in this letter. The flip-flop consists of a single low-power latch, which is controlled by a positive narrow pulse. Hence, fewer transistors are used and lower power consumption is achieved. HSPICE simulation results show that power dissipation of the proposed D flip-flop has been reduced up to 76%. The operating frequency of the flip-flop is also greatly increased.

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Energy-efficient wireless front-end concepts for ultra lower power radio

2008 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference ◽

10.1109/cicc.2008.4672154 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

John R. Long ◽

W. Wu ◽

Y. Dong ◽

Y. Zhao ◽

M.A.T. Sanduleanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Lower Power ◽

Front End

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(Invited) HfZrO-Based Ferroelectric Devices for Lower Power AI and Memory Applications

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2021-0230909mtgabs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol MA2021-02 (30) ◽

pp. 909-909

Author(s):

Shinichi Takagi ◽

Kasidit Toprasertpong ◽

Kent Tahara ◽

Eishin Nako ◽

Ryosho Nakane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Power ◽

Memory Applications

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A Scan-Based Lower-Power Testing Architecture for Modern Circuits

10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651069 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiann-Chyi Rau ◽

Jia-Xiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Lower Power ◽

Power Testing

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Analysis of Flow Blockage of a Single Fuel Assembly in the JRR-3 20MW Research Reactor

Volume 6A: Thermal-Hydraulics and Safety Analyses ◽

10.1115/icone26-81313 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yuchuan Guo ◽

Guanbo Wang ◽

Dazhi Qian ◽

Heng Yu ◽

Bo Hu

Keyword(s):

Fuel Assembly ◽

System Analysis ◽

Research Reactor ◽

Natural Circulation ◽

Reactor Core ◽

Nucleate Boiling ◽

Regulation System ◽

Lower Power ◽

Emergency Shutdown ◽

Flow Blockage

The case of flow blockage of a single fuel assembly in the JRR-3 20MW open-pool-type research reactor is investigated without taking into account the effect of the power regulation system. The coolant system and multi-channel reactor core are modeled in detail using thermal hydraulic system analysis code RELAP5/MOD3.4. MDNBR (Minimum Departure From Nucleate Boiling Ratio) and the maximum fuel central temperature are investigated to assess the integrity of fuels. The fuel plates in blocked assembly are not damaged until the blockage ratio exceeds 70%. In addition, the mitigative effect of the assumed 18 MW lower power emergency shutdown operation on the accident is also discussed qualitatively. Results indicate that although the assumed lower power emergency shutdown operation cannot avoid the most severe operating condition, it can obviously mitigate the consequences of the accident. The reactor eventually remains in the long-term safe state when natural circulation is established.

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