The development of a routing protocol based on Reverse-AODV by considering an energy threshold in VANET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabe Gedalia Razafindrobelina ◽  
Radityo Anggoro ◽  
Ary Mazharuddin Shiddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Threshold

scholarly journals An Election Energy Threshold Based Multi-Hop Routing Protocol in a Grid-Clustered Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funom Samuel Dadah ◽  
Ajayi Ore-Ofe ◽  
Aliyu D Usman ◽  
Y A Mshelia ◽  
M O Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Energy Threshold ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Packets

Owing to the limited energy of sensor nodes (SNs) in a wireless sensor network (WSN), it is important to reduce and balance the energy consumption of the SNs in order to extend the WSN lifetime. Clustering mechanism is a highly efficient and effective mechanism for minimizing the amount of energy that SNs consume during the transmission of data packets. In this paper, an election energy threshold based multi-hop routing protocol (mEEMRP) is presented. In order to minimize energy consumption, this routing protocol uses grid clustering, where the network field is divided into grid clusters. SNs in each grid cluster select a cluster head (CH) based on a weight factor that takes the node location, node’s residual energy (RE) as well as the node’s distance from the base station into consideration. An energy efficient multi-hop routing algorithm is adopted during the transmission of data packets from the cluster heads (CHs) to the base station (BS). This multi-hop routing algorithm uses an election energy threshold value, T­nhCH that takes into consideration the RE of CHs as well as the distance between CHs. Simulation results show a 1.77% and 10.65% improvement in terms of network lifetime for two network field scenarios over Energy Efficient Multi-hop Routing Protocol (EEMRP).

scholarly journals Routing with Energy Threshold for WSN-IoT Based on RPL Protocol

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Energy Threshold ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Parent Node

Internet of Things (IoT) enables things to have connectivity through the internet. The number of things is growing fast and has to be uniquely identified through the Internet to communicate with other things. In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) each node can be considered as a thing. WSN node resources are very limited due to the need to communicate using low power and usually through unreliable links. Such limitations need an energy efficient routing protocol. WSN is considered as a type of Low power and Lossy Network (LLN). The routing protocol for low power and lossy network (RPL) is being adopted for LLN and has been standardized to enable connectivity of WSN over IoT. RPL constricted a topology similar to tree topology. Nodes in RPL optimized its path using an objective function (OF). OF depends on different node/link metrics in the optimization process. In this paper, an Energy Threshold RPL (ETRPL) protocol is proposed. ETRPL depends on a new objective function to enhance energy consumption of RPL protocol by taking into account the remaining energy of the preferred parent node. ETRPL is implemented using Cooja simulator. The results show that ETRPL provides an increase in the remaining energy of at least 87.4% for a small area with high number of nodes. ETRPL also performed better with regards to Time Delay, Packet Reception Ratio, and the number of dead nodes in a small area. For a large area, the performance is not encouraging. Thus the proposed ETRPL protocol is useful for IoT networks with relatively small areas.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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