Landscape freeze/thaw products from Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) radar and radiometer data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Xu ◽  
R. Scott Dunbar ◽  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Andreas Colliander ◽  
John Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Freeze Thaw

A Multiscale Soil Moisture and Freeze–Thaw Monitoring Network on the Third Pole

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1907-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Yingying Chen ◽  
Wenjun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
The Third

The hydrosphere State (hydros) Satellite mission: an Earth system pathfinder for global mapping of soil moisture and land freeze/thaw

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2184-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Entekhabi ◽  
E.G. Njoku ◽  
P. Houser ◽  
M. Spencer ◽  
T. Doiron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Global Mapping

scholarly journals Identifying erosive periods by using RUSLE factors in mountain fields of the Central Spanish Pyrenees

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. López-Vicente ◽  
A. Navas ◽  
J. Machín
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil Losses

Abstract. The Mediterranean environment is characterized by strong temporal variations in rainfall volume and intensity, soil moisture and vegetation cover along the year. These factors play a key role on soil erosion. The aim of this work is to identify different erosive periods in function of the temporal changes in rainfall and runoff characteristics (erosivity, maximum intensity and number of erosive events), soil properties (soil erodibility in relation to freeze-thaw processes and soil moisture content) and current tillage practices in a set of agricultural fields in a mountainous area of the Central Pyrenees in NE Spain. To this purpose the rainfall and runoff erosivity (R), the soil erodibility (K) and the cover-management (C) factors of the empirical RUSLE soil loss model were used. The R, K and C factors were calculated at monthly scale. The first erosive period extends from July to October and presents the highest values of erosivity (87.8 MJ mm ha−1 h−1), maximum rainfall intensity (22.3 mm h−1) and monthly soil erosion (0.25 Mg ha−1 month−1) with the minimum values of duration of erosive storms, freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture content and soil erodibility (0.007 Mg h MJ−1 mm−1). This period includes the harvesting and the plowing tillage practices. The second erosive period has a duration of two months, from May to June, and presents the lowest total and monthly soil losses (0.10 Mg ha−1 month−1) that correspond to the maximum protection of the soil by the crop-cover ($C$ factor = 0.05) due to the maximum stage of the growing season and intermediate values of rainfall and runoff erosivity, maximum rainfall intensity and soil erodibility. The third erosive period extends from November to April and has the minimum values of rainfall erosivity (17.5 MJ mm ha−1 h−1) and maximum rainfall intensity (6.0 mm h−1) with the highest number of freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture content and soil erodibility (0.021 Mg h MJ−1 mm−1) that explain the high value of monthly soil loss (0.24 Mg ha−1 month−1). The interactions between the rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, and cover-management factors explain the similar predicted soil losses for the first and the third erosive periods in spite of the strong temporal differences in the values of the three RUSLE factors. The estimated value of annual soil loss with the RUSLE model (3.34 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was lower than the measured value with 137Cs (5.38 Mg ha−1 yr−1) due to the low values of precipitation recorded during the studied period. To optimize agricultural practices and to promote sustainable strategies for the preservation of fragile Mediterranean agrosystems it is necessary to delay plowing till October, especially in dryland agriculture regions. Thus, the protective role of the crop residues will extend until September when the greatest rainfall occurs together with the highest runoff erosivity and soil losses.

Sampling depth of L-band radiometer measurements of soil moisture and freeze-thaw dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghai Zheng ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Zuoliang Wang ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
L Band ◽  
Band Radiometer

scholarly journals Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7573
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Hongguang Liu ◽  
Xinlin He ◽  
En Lin ◽  
Guang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Cotton Fields

Winter irrigation affected the movement of soil moisture, temperature, and salt, which was an effective improvement measure widely used in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. In this paper, we investigated the effects of different salinized cotton fields (mild salinization (S1), 5.15 g·kg−1; moderate salinization (S2), 8.17 g·kg−1; severe salinization (S3), 11.15 g·kg−1) and different winter irrigation rates (W0, 0 m3·hm-2; W1, 3000 m3·hm-2; W2, 3600 m3·hm-2; W3, 4200 m3·hm-2) on soil moisture, temperature, salinity, and cotton growth in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. The results showed that the winter irrigation affected the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, and the winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization were significantly correlated with soil moisture, temperature, and salinity (p < 0.01). Winter irrigation stabilized the soil temperature and reduced the freeze–thaw index of the soil. The heat conservation effect of winter irrigation increased with increasing winter irrigation rate and salinization degree, with the greatest effect on the freezing index of S2 and on the thawing index of S3. The soil water content and total salt concentration before spring tillage were significantly correlated with winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization (p < 0.05), and when the winter irrigation quota of different salinized cotton fields was greater than 3600 m3·hm-2, the moisture content of soil layer 0–100cm increased by more than 20%, and the desalination reached over 40%, compared with the values before winter irrigation. Winter irrigation improved the emergence rate and yield of cotton, with the soil salinization degree being significantly negatively correlated and winter irrigation rate significantly positively correlated with the emergence rate and yield of cotton fields in the following year (p < 0.01). Compared with the control treatment without winter irrigation, the average increases in cotton yield were W3 (53.32%) > W2 (45.00%) > W1 (29.36%). There was no significant difference in seedling emergence rate or yield between slightly and moderately salinized cotton fields under high winter irrigation rates (W2 and W3) (p > 0.05), although the seedling emergence rate and yield of severely salinized cotton fields increased significantly with increasing winter irrigation rate. In conclusion, winter irrigation proved to be a valuable treatment for severely salinized cotton fields, and the results of this study allowed us to determine the optimal winter irrigation rate for saline alkali cotton fields.

scholarly journals Effects of freeze-thaw on soil properties and water erosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyang Sun ◽  
Feipeng Ren ◽  
Wenfeng Ding ◽  
Guanhua Zhang ◽  
Jinquan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw

Freeze-thaw erosion occurs primarily at high latitudes and altitudes. Temperature controlled freeze-thaw events dislodge soil particles and serve as a catalyst for erosion. This review paper provided an overview of the effects of freeze-thaw on soil properties and water erosion. The process of freeze-thaw cycles results in temporary and inconsistent changes in the soil moisture, and affects the soil’s mechanical, physical and chemical properties, such as the soil moisture content, porosity, bulk density, aggregates stability, shear strength and organic matter content and so on. The variation trend and range of the soil properties were related to the soil texture, water content and freeze-thaw degree. Furthermore, the soil erosion was affected by the freeze-thaw processes, as thawing and water erosion reinforce each other. However, research of different experimental conditions on indoor simulations have numerous limitations compared with field experiments. The use of indoor and field experiments to further reveal the freeze-thaw effect on the soil erosion would facilitate improved forecasting.

scholarly journals Quantification of meteorological conditions for rockfall triggers in Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin M. Nissen ◽  
Stefan Rupp ◽  
Thomas M. Kreuzer ◽  
Björn Guse ◽  
Bodo Damm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Triggering Factors

Abstract. A rockfall dataset for Germany is analysed with the objective of identifying the meteorological and hydrological (pre-) conditions that change the probability for such events in Central Europe. The factors investigated in the analysis are precipitation amount and intensity, freeze-thawing cycles as well as sub-surface moisture. As there is no suitable observational dataset for all relevant sub-surface moisture types (e.g. water in rock pores and cleft water) available, simulated soil moisture and parameterised pore water are tested as substitutes. The potential triggering factors were analysed both for the day of the event as well as for the days leading up to the event. It is found that the most important factor influencing rockfall probability in the research area is precipitation amount at the day of the event but the water content of the ground on that day and freeze-thawing cycles in the days prior to the event also influence the hazard probability. Comparing results with simulated soil moisture and parameterised pore water revealed that precipitation minus potential evaporation evaluated for a weekly period performs well as a proxy for the relevant sub-surface moisture types. A logistic regression model was built, which considers individual potential triggering factors as well as their interactions. Using this model the effects of meteorological conditions on rockfall probability in the Central European low mountain ranges can be quantified. The model suggests that precipitation is most efficient, when the moisture content of the ground is high. An increase of daily precipitation from its local 50th percentile to its 90th percentile approximately doubles the probability for a rockfall event under median sub-surface moisture conditions. When the moisture content of the ground is at its 95th percentile the same increase in precipitation leads to a four-fold increase in rockfall probability. The occurrence of a freeze-thaw cycle in the preceding days can further increase the rockfall hazard. The most critical combination can be expected in the winter season after a freeze-thaw transition which is followed by a day with high precipitation amounts and takes place in a region preconditioned by a high level of sub-surface moisture.

Potential Use of NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive Freeze–Thaw Tool to Assist in Minnesota Seasonal Load Restriction Timing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Simon Kraatz ◽  
Heather J. Miller ◽  
Benjamin J Poirier ◽  
Mahsa Moradi ◽  
Jennifer M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Simple Criterion ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Departments Of Transportation ◽  
Potential Use

The U.S. encompasses over 4 million roadway miles, with about half of them located in seasonal frost areas. Roads are especially susceptible to damage when the subsurface is saturated with water (i.e., spring thaw). Spring load restrictions (SLR) are important for maintaining the integrity of roads. Routine determinations of road freeze–thaw (FT) state are limited to vertically embedded temperature data probes (TDP). Although TDPs are valuable to departments of transportation for determining SLRs, TDPs only represent individual points within the road network and are costly to install and maintain. Recent updates to spaceborne technology and algorithms made physically based retrievals of FT conditions possible at improved accuracy and temporal resolution (every 3 days) and have potential use for assisting with SLRs. Although instruments such as NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) platform cannot resolve individual roads, past comparisons have shown good correspondence with TDPs. The main objective of this study is to provide information on the potential value of NASA’s SMAP FT tool to supplement other methods for making seasonal load restriction decisions. Results are compared against data and protocols by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) at 10 sites in Minnesota, over four winter seasons (2016–2019). Results show that even when a simple criterion is used—the date of the third consecutive thaw from the SMAP afternoon retrieval—those dates typically fell within a week of MnDOT road postings (61% of the time). In addition, SMAP FT typically matches TDP FT states throughout the year (79% of the time).

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