Transition from analog to digital broadcasting A spectral efficiency review

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Zainea ◽  
Alexandru Martian ◽  
Ioana Marcu ◽  
Octavian Fratu
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Digital Broadcasting

scholarly journals A new method of analog-to-digital broadcasting

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(9)) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Надія Феліксівна Казакова
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Digital Broadcasting

Rwanda Leapfrogs into Digital Broadcasting Migration

2014 ◽  
pp. 232-252
Author(s):  
Cedric Pierre-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
East African ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
East African Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Development ◽  
African Community ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Digital Terrestrial Television ◽  
The Government

This chapter interrogates the migration process from Analog to Digital Terrestrial Television occurring in Rwanda, which has, since May 2013, entered its final stages. Following the commitment of the East African Community (EAC) inspired by the 2006 recommendations of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), Rwanda switched to digital terrestrial broadcasting in December 2013. In the meantime, the government sought to increase television penetration from 7% in December 2012 to 30% when the switch off process came to its end. This chapter focuses on the challenges and constraints of this transition in a country where 80% of the population belongs to the primary sector, and where only 10.6% of Rwandans have access to electricity as a main source of lighting. Based on the author's experience as the Project Leader and Managing Director of TV10, the first private television channel in Rwanda, this chapter discusses and analyzes salient aspects of this migration, which is part of a very ambitious technological catch-up policy. It also highlights the different initiatives put together by the private and the public sector to develop innovative solutions that could mobilize the population and improve their access to television. These initiatives sometimes seem to focus on technical considerations to the detriment of local content development, an undeniable and crucial source of employment in the creative industries. Finally, this chapter points out the opportunities and significant growth potential that digital broadcasting could bring to all the stakeholders involved.

scholarly journals Digitization of analog signals

E-Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A. V. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Signal Spectrum ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Voice Control ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
Large Material ◽  
Digital Processes ◽  
To Receive

We live in the world of digital technologies – everyone has a digital phone, television has switched to a digital broadcasting format as it is more noise-immune, digital processes are literally in every household appliance, from the iron to the computer on which this article was written. Digital technologies simplify our lives, some operations performed by humans require large material costs, for example, writing text on a typewriter and computer vary greatly. The gain of the computer is especially evident when editing the test. They brought us comfort – how nice it is when the processor that monitors the temperature in the house increased the heat supply during a cold snap or reduced it in order to save money in the absence of people in the house.But in order for the digital system to perform this or that action, it needs a command coming from the sensor. It can be a temperature, humidity, pressure sensor. Or maybe a microphone used in voice control systems. All these sensors, without which the operation of a digital system is impossible, give an analog signal that changes its value over time. The digital system is not sensitive to such a signal. It “does not understand” the signal. The problem is solved by ADC (analog-to-digital converters). They have a different structure, varying degrees of complexity, the device, depending on the parameters of the digitized signal. For example, the temperature in the house changes very slowly, even when warming up or when the heating is turned off in frost, the temperature rises or, accordingly, does not fall faster than one degree per hour. The ADC speed requirements for the temperature sensor are very low. Instead, a microphone is used to receive voice commands. In order to distinguish the voices of people and to carry out the commands of some people and not to carry out commands from others, processing of the signal spectrum with a width of kilohertz is required - which means that the signal level will change at a frequency of thousands of times per second. This is a very high demand. The different types of ADCs, their design and application will be discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Kesiapan Pemerintah Dalam Menghadapi Digitalisasi Televisi Menurut Perspektif Organisasi Pembelajar

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
P. Nurtrio Harjessi ◽  
Martani Huseini ◽  
Martani Huseini
Keyword(s):  
Learning Organization ◽  
Learning Organizations ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Digital Tv ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Digital Broadcast ◽  
The Government

Television digitization is an internationally agreed consensus. Government readiness is needed to face the changes and technological developments. One perspective that can be used to face television digitalization is by forming a learning organization. Basically, learning organizations formed by the government involving all stakeholders will produce readiness in television digitalization, although challenges and obstacles are often found in the formation of these learning organizations. Constraints faced can be in the form of legal issues in the form of lawsuits and resistance due to lack of learning and the involvement of all parties in technological change. This paper uses the method of analysis of literature studies through books, journals, reports, and publications related to government readiness in facing television digitalization in accordance with the perspective of the learning organization. The results of the analysis indicate that the perspective of the learning organization can be one of the solutions to face television digitalization, such as the formation of a task force that is being carried out by the government by involving all stakeholders as a forum for learning. Besides that the government is trying to prepare its organization to face television digitalization with several efforts such as drafting the government's version of the Broadcasting Law; developing guidelines for digital broadcasting blueprints; establishment of working groups for the preparation of analog to digital TV migration; conducting socialization and promotion; conducting studies on the preparation of digital TV business opportunities to the stipulation of Ministerial Decrees on Digital Broadcast Trials.

OFDM spectral efficiency improvement for digital broadcasting networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
A.Kh. Sultanov ◽  
◽  
I.K. Meshkov ◽  
A.G. Meshkova ◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Digital Broadcasting

scholarly journals Joint Beamforming and Interference Cancellation in MmWave Wideband Full-Duplex Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyes Balti
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Value Decomposition

Full-duplex (FD) systems have the capability to transmit and receive at the same time in the same frequency band.FD systems can reduce congestion and latency and improve coverage and spectral efficiency.As a relay, they can increase range and decrease outages.Full-duplex (FD) wireless systems have been emerging as a practical solution to provide high bandwidth, low latency, and big data processing in millimeter wave and Terahertz systems to support cellular networks, autonomous driving, platooning, advanced driving assistance and other systems. However, FD systems suffer from loopback self-interference that can swamp the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) resulting in very low spectral efficiency. In this context, we consider a cellular system wherein uplink and downlink users independently communicate with FD base station. The proposed contributions are (1) three hybrid beamforming algorithms to cancel self-interference and increase the received power, and (2) evaluation of outage probability, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency of the proposed algorithms. We consider full-digital beamforming and upper bound as benchmarks. Finally, we show the resiliency of Algorithm 2 against self-interference in comparison with Algorithms 1 and 3, as well as conventional approaches such as beam steering, angle search and singular value decomposition.

Analysis of electron-diffraction intensity profiles using a photodiode-array detection system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
J. B. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
Silicon Photodiode ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Photodiode Array

Electron diffraction intensity profiles have been used extensively in studies of polycrystalline and amorphous thin films. In previous work, diffraction intensity profiles were quantitized either by mechanically scanning the photographic emulsion with a densitometer or by using deflection coils to scan the diffraction pattern over a stationary detector. Such methods tend to be slow, and the intensities must still be converted from analog to digital form for quantitative analysis. The Instrumentation Division at Brookhaven has designed and constructed a electron diffractometer, based on a silicon photodiode array, that overcomes these disadvantages. The instrument is compact (Fig. 1), can be used with any unmodified electron microscope, and acquires the data in a form immediately accessible by microcomputer.Major components include a RETICON 1024 element photodiode array for the de tector, an Analog Devices MAS-1202 analog digital converter and a Digital Equipment LSI 11/2 microcomputer. The photodiode array cannot detect high energy electrons without damage so an f/1.4 lens is used to focus the phosphor screen image of the diffraction pattern on to the photodiode array.

Creating a standard method of controlling digital microscopes: the microscope access protocol (map)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
T. A. Dodson ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Command Language ◽  
Access Protocol ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The process of moving to a fully digital microscopy laboratory requires changes in instrumentation, computing hardware, computing software, data storage systems, and data networks, as well as in the operating procedures of each facility. Moving from analog to digital systems in the microscopy laboratory is similar to the instrumentation projects being undertaken in many scientific labs. A central problem of any of these projects is to create the best combination of hardware and software to effectively control the parameters of data collection and then to actually acquire data from the instrument. This problem is particularly acute for the microscopist who wishes to "digitize" the operation of a transmission or scanning electron microscope. Although the basic physics of each type of instrument and the type of data (images & spectra) generated by each are very similar, each manufacturer approaches automation differently. The communications interfaces vary as well as the command language used to control the instrument.

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