A Comprehensive Comparison Between Design for Testability Techniques for Total Dose Testing of Flash-Based FPGAs

Object. The extension of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of tumors of the spine has the potential to benefit many patients. As in the early days of cranial stereotactic radiosurgery, however, dose-related efficacy and toxicity are not well understood. The authors report their initial experience with stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine with attention to dose, efficacy, and toxicity. Methods. All patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine were treated using the Novalis unit at Westchester Medical Center between December 2001 and January 2004 are included in a database consisting of demographics on disease, dose, outcome, and complications. A total of 31 patients (12 men, 19 women; mean age 61 years, median age 63 years) received treatment for 35 tumors. Tumor types included 26 metastases (12 lung, nine breast, five other) and nine primary tumors (four intradural, five extradural). Thoracic tumors were most common (17 metastases and four primary) followed by lumbar tumors (four metastases and four primary). Lesions were treated to the 85 to 90% isodose line with spinal cord doses being less than 50%. The dose per fraction and total dose were selected on the basis of previous treatment (particularly radiation exposure), size of lesion, and proximity to critical structures. Conclusions. Rapid and significant pain relief was achieved after stereotactic radiosurgery in 32 of 34 treated tumors. In patients treated for metastases, pain was relieved within 72 hours and remained reduced 3 months later. Pain relief was achieved with a single dose as low as 500 cGy. Spinal cord isodoses were less than 50% in all patients except those with intradural tumors (mean single dose to spinal cord 268 cGy and mean total dose to spinal cord 689 cGy). Two patients experienced transient radiculitis (both with a biological equivalent dose (BED) > 60 Gy). One patient who suffered multiple recurrences of a conus ependymoma had permanent neurological deterioration after initial improvement. Pathological evaluation of this lesion at surgery revealed radiation necrosis with some residual/recurrent tumor. No patient experienced other organ toxicity. Stereotactic radiosurgery of the spine is safe at the doses used and provides effective pain relief. In this study, BEDs greater than 60 Gy were associated with an increased risk of radiculitis.

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Survey of software design for testability

Journal of Computer Applications ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.02915 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 2915-2918 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian-ping FU ◽

Min-yan LU

Keyword(s):

Software Design ◽

Design For Testability

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РАДИАЦИОННО СТОЙКОЕ КМОП СТАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОЗУ 16 МБИТ 1657РУ2У

Nanoindustry Russia ◽

10.22184/1993-8578.2020.13.3s.169.174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (3s) ◽

pp. 169-174

Author(s):

Ю.М. Герасимов ◽

Н.Г. Григорьев ◽

А.В. Кобыляцкий ◽

Я.Я. Петричкович

Keyword(s):

Total Dose ◽

Heavy Particles ◽

Topological Features ◽

Radiation Hardened ◽

Latch Up

Рассматриваются архитектурные, схемотехнические и конструктивно-топологические особенности асинхронного радиационно стойкого ОЗУ 1657РУ2У емкостью 16 Мбит с организацией (1Мx16)/(2Mx8), изготавливаемого по коммерческой КМОП-технологии объемного кремния уровня 130 нм. СБИС ОЗУ нечувствительна к эффекту «защелкивания», имеет повышенные дозовую стойкость и сбоеустойчивость при воздействии отдельных ядерных частиц (ОЯЧ), протонов и нейтронов (ТЧ). The paper highlights architectural, schematic and topological features of the radiation hardened 16 Mbit CMOS SRAM with configurable organization 1Mx16/2Mx8, which is immune to latch-up and with improved total dose and heavy particles tolerance.

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Differential BiCMOS logic circuits: fault characterization and design-for-testability

Microelectronics Reliability ◽

10.1016/s0026-2714(97)87803-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 535-536

Keyword(s):

Design For Testability ◽

Logic Circuits ◽

Fault Characterization

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A potential subsurface cavity in the continuous ejecta deposits of the Ziwei crater discovered by the Chang’E-3 mission

Earth Planets and Space ◽

10.1186/s40623-021-01359-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chunyu Ding ◽

Zhiyong Xiao ◽

Yan Su

Keyword(s):

Lunar Regolith ◽

Lava Tubes ◽

Impact Ejecta ◽

Comprehensive Comparison ◽

Ground Penetrating ◽

Shallow Crust ◽

Low Permittivity ◽

Mare Basalts ◽

Subsurface Cavities ◽

High Bulk

AbstractIn the radargram obtained by the high-frequency lunar penetrating radar onboard the Chang’E-3 mission, we notice a potential subsurface cavity that has a smaller permittivity compared to the surrounding materials. The two-way travel time between the top and bottom boundaries of the potential cavity is ~ 21 ns, and the entire zone is located within the continuous ejecta deposits of the Ziwei crater, which generally have similar physical properties to typical lunar regolith. We carried out numerical simulations for electromagnetic wave propagation to investigate the nature of this low-permittivity zone. Assuming different shapes for this zone, a comprehensive comparison between our model results and the observed radargram suggests that the roof of this zone is convex and slightly inclined to the south. Modeling subsurface materials with different relative permittivities suggests that the low-permittivity zone is most likely formed due to a subsurface cavity. The maximum vertical dimension of this potential cavity is ~ 3.1 m. While the continuous ejecta deposits of Ziwei crater are largely composed of pre-impact regolith, competent mare basalts were also excavated, which is evident by the abundant meter-scale boulders on the wall and rim of Ziwei crater. We infer that the subsurface cavity is supported by excavated large boulders, which were stacked during the energetic emplacement of the continuous ejecta deposits. However, the exact geometry of this cavity (e.g., the width) cannot be constrained using the single two-dimensional radar profile. This discovery indicates that large voids formed during the emplacement of impact ejecta should be abundant on the Moon, which contributes to the high bulk porosity of the lunar shallow crust, as discovered by the GRAIL mission. Our results further suggest that ground penetrating radar is capable of detecting and deciphering subsurface cavities such as lava tubes, which can be applied in future lunar and deep space explorations.

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Characterization of the Diagnostic Performance of a Novel COVID-19 PETIA in Comparison to Four Routine N-, S- and RBD-Antigen Based Immunoassays

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11081332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1332

Author(s):

Alexander Spaeth ◽

Thomas Masetto ◽

Jessica Brehm ◽

Leoni Wey ◽

Christian Kochem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay ◽

Face To Face ◽

Comprehensive Comparison ◽

Broad Variety ◽

Viral Responses ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

High Consistency

In 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan in the province of Hubei, China. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) quickly spread across the globe, causing the neoteric COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is commonly transmitted by droplet infection and aerosols when coughing or sneezing, as well as high-risk exposures to infected individuals by face-to-face contact without protective gear. To date, a broad variety of techniques have emerged to assess and quantify the specific antibody response of a patient towards a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report the first comprehensive comparison of five different assay systems: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA), and a new Particle-Enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassay (PETIA) for SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we also evaluated the suitability of N-, S1- and RBD-antigens for quantifying the SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response. Linearity and precision, overall sensitivity and specificity of the assays, stability of samples, and cross-reactivity of general viral responses, as well as common coronaviruses, were assessed. Moreover, the reactivity of all tests to seroconversion and different sample matrices was quantified. All five assays showed good overall agreement, with 76% and 87% similarity for negative and positive samples, respectively. In conclusion, all evaluated methods showed a high consistency of results and suitability for the robust quantification of the SARS-CoV-2-derived immune response.

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