Causes of the Difference of Inhabited Altitudes above Sea Level of Fairy Pitta(Pitta nympha) on Jeju Island Followed by Forest Landscape Through the Comparison of Landsat Images and the Literature Review

Marked vertical variations of ions and oxygen isotopes were present in the snowpack at the glacier Austre Okstindbreen during the pre-melting phase in 1995 at sites between 825 m and 1,470 m above sea level. As the first meltwater percolated from the top of the pack, ions were moved to a greater depth, but the isotopic composition remained relatively unchanged. Ions continued to move downwards through the pack during the melting phase, even when there was little surface melting and no addition of liquid precipitation. The at-a-depth correlation between ionic concentrations and isotopic ratios, strong in the pre-melting phase, weakened during melting. In August, concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+ ions in the residual pack were low and vertical variations were slight; 18O enrichment had occurred. The difference of the time at which melting of the snowpack starts at different altitudes influences the input of ions and isotopes to the underlying glacier.

Download Full-text

Heterotopic ossification in the post cruciate ligament of the knee: a case report and literature review

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04176-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cun Li ◽

Zonggui Huang ◽

K. C. Anil ◽

Chendeng Lao ◽

Qianghua Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Heterotopic Ossification ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

X Rays ◽

Related Factors ◽

Knee Motion ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is noted most frequently in periarticular muscles and has not yet been reported in the cruciate ligaments of the knee. We present a rare case of symptomatic ossification of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Case presentation A 59-year-old woman had a 2-year history of knee pain that was getting worse during knee motion and had restricted knee motion for 1 year. X-rays could not show the lesion clearly. Multi-planar computed tomography demonstrated ossification within the PCL with mild osteoarthritic changes and excluded any other intra-articular pathology. The patient underwent arthroscopic debridement and then experienced immediate relief of pain and complete recovery of range of motion. Conclusion This is the first report of HO in the PCL as a possible cause of knee pain and restricted knee motion. On the basis of literature review, this case elaborates the difference between HO and calcification in the ligaments, the related factors inducing HO and the undefined pathogenesis, and favorable prognosis after adequate treatment.

Download Full-text

STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN KECERDASAN MAJEMUK DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Muallimuna Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah ◽

10.31602/muallimuna.v7i1.4541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Robiatul Munajah ◽

Asep Supena

Keyword(s):

Elementary Schools ◽

Literature Review ◽

Multiple Intelligences ◽

Learning Process ◽

Know How ◽

Way Of Thinking ◽

The Difference ◽

The Given ◽

Different Levels

The success of students in learning does not only depend on their own abilities. Several factors that can give effect need to be optimized. The teacher's strategy is very meaningful to optimize students' multiple intelligences according to the indicators that each student has. Every child in this world has various intelligences in different levels and indicators. This shows that all children, by nature, are intelligent. The difference lies in the level and indicators of intelligence. These differences are determined by various factors. One of them is the stimulation given when children learn in the learning process carried out by the teacher. The difference in intelligence among students demands a fair and existential way of thinking of educators. This research is a literature review to see more specifically the teacher's strategy in optimizing multiple intelligences in elementary schools based on research reference sources and books. Good educators are able to detect children's intelligence by observing the behavior, tendencies, interests, ways and qualities of children when reacting to the given stimulus. All indicators of intelligence can be recognized by educators to then make a profile of intelligence. Therefore, every teacher should know how to develop the intelligence of their students, by identifying each indicator of children's intelligence and realizing the importance of developing all the intelligences of their students.

Download Full-text

Structuring and Managing Supply Network

Handbook of Research on Global Supply Chain Management - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9639-6.ch019 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 341-353

Author(s):

Zheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Literature Review ◽

Crisis Management ◽

Supply Network ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Risk And Crisis Management ◽

The Difference ◽

Business Practitioners ◽

Function Relationship ◽

Emerging Topics

The concept of supply network has extended supply chain across national borders towards globalization. The aim of this chapter is to provide researchers, business practitioners and university students a picture of the architecture of supply networks. By analyzing two main trends of studies in the field of supply network management, components of supply network are classified into structural and infrastructural factors. Also a comparison is made to identify the difference between supply network and traditionally factory-based manufacturing system. Based on the literature review, a conceptual framework is further proposed which describes the supply network from four essential perspectives: Role/function, Relationship/alliance, Configuration/reconfiguration, and Risk and crisis management. After presenting detailed models and decision making areas of each perspective, suggestions are given on some emerging topics.

Download Full-text

Cerebrospinal fluid in man native to high altitude

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1964.19.2.319 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 319-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. W. Severinghaus ◽

A. Carceleń B.

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

High Altitude ◽

Sea Level ◽

Regulation Of Respiration ◽

Acid Base ◽

Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Blood Ph ◽

The Difference

CSF pH was shown in a prior report to remain essentially constant during 8 days of acclimatization to 3,800 m. In order to further evaluate the possible role of CSF acid-base equilibria in the regulation of respiration, 20 Peruvian Andean natives were studied at altitudes of 3,720–4,820 m. In ten subjects at 3,720 m, means were: CSF pH 7.327, Pco2 43, HCO3- 21.5, Na+ 136, K+ 2.6, Cl- 124, lactate 30 mg/100 ml. Arterial blood: pH 7.43, Pco2 32.5, HCO3- 21.3, Na+ 136, K+ 4.2, Cl- 107, hematocrit 49, SaOO2 89.6. In six subjects at 4,545 m and four at 4,820 m CSF values were not significantly different; mean arterial Pco2 was 32.6 and 32.3, respectively. The only significant variations with altitude were the expected lowering of PaOO2 to 47 and 43.5 mm Hg, and of SaOO2 to 84.2 and 80.7, and increase of hematocrit to 67% and 75%, respectively. The natives differed from recently acclimatized sea-level residents in showing less ventilation (higher Pco2) in response to the existing hypoxia, and less alkaline arterial blood. The difference appears to relate to peripheral chemoreceptor response to hypoxia rather than central medullary chemoreceptor. respiratory regulation at high altitude; chronic acclimatization to altitude; peripheral chemoreceptor response to hypoxia; CSF and medullary respiratory chemoreceptors Submitted on June 12, 1963

Download Full-text

A COMPARISON OF HAZE REMOVAL ALGORITHMS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY FOR LANDSAT IMAGERY

Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas ◽

10.1590/s1982-21702017000100004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 55-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yang Xiao ◽

Zhiyun Ouyang ◽

Zhiming Zhang ◽

Chaofan Xian

Keyword(s):

Classification Accuracy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

Spectral Response ◽

Landsat Images ◽

Haze Removal ◽

Reference Images ◽

The Difference ◽

Spatially Varying

The quality of Landsat images in humid areas is considerably degraded by haze in terms of their spectral response pattern, which limits the possibility of their application in using visible and near-infrared bands. A variety of haze removal algorithms have been proposed to correct these unsatisfactory illumination effects caused by the haze contamination. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the difference of two major algorithms (the improved homomorphic filtering (HF) and the virtual cloud point (VCP)) for their effectiveness in solving spatially varying haze contamination, and to evaluate the impacts of haze removal on land cover classification. A case study with exploiting large quantities of Landsat TM images and climates (clear and haze) in the most humid areas in China proved that these haze removal algorithms both perform well in processing Landsat images contaminated by haze. The outcome of the application of VCP appears to be more similar to the reference images compared to HF. Moreover, the Landsat image with VCP haze removal can improve the classification accuracy effectively in comparison to that without haze removal, especially in the cloudy contaminated area

Download Full-text

The new gravity system—changes in international gravity base values and anomaly values

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1441012 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1352-1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

George P. Woollard

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Global Scale ◽

Absolute Gravity ◽

Geodetic Reference System ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

The Difference ◽

Correction Terms ◽

Discernible Difference ◽

Gravity System

An assessment is made of (1) the reliability of the changes in the absolute gravity datum and standard incorporated in the IGSN 71 values of Morelli et al (1974), and (2) the effect of these changes and those incorporated in the new international gravity formula (Geodetic Reference System 1967) defining theoretical gravity values at sea level on gravity anomaly values. Pendulum‐interval comparisons with modern absolute gravity intervals between Washington, D.C.; Teddington, England; Paris, France; and Potsdam, East Germany indicate that the correction of 14 mgal to the Potsdam datum is correct to within .03 ± .016 mgal. Although there appear to be occasional discrepancies in the IGSN 71 values of the order of 0.1 mgal, in general their reliability appears to approximate ±0.05 mgal. A discrepancy of approximately −0.03 mgal per 1000 mgal of absolute gravity is indicated, however, in the gravity standard defined by the IGSN 71 values over the range of modern absolute gravity determinations between Fairbanks, Alaska and Bogotá, Colombia. An evaluation of the earlier attempt to standardize gravity on a global scale (Woollard and Rose, 1963) indicates a mean datum difference of 14.7 mgal (standard deviation 0.2 mgal) relative to IGSN 71 values at 776 sites having a worldwide distribution. No discernible difference in gravity standard from that of the IGSN 71 values is indicated except in South America, where the Woollard and Rose values are found to incorporate a difference in standard of O.2 mgal per 1000 mgal. It is shown that anomaly conversions from the old to the new gravity system can be effected directly using the old anomaly values. Two correction terms are required, specifically, (1) a constant representing the difference in base value used relative to the IGSN 71 value for the base, and (2) a latitude‐dependent term representing the difference in theoretical sea level gravity using the old International Gravity Formula (IGF) and the new GRS 67 formula. Test conversions of anomaly values on the old gravity system for regional areas involving data from several sources indicate that, in general, anomaly conversion to the new gravity system can be obtained with a reliability of about 0.3 to 0.5 mgal. The limiting factor is the unknown variation in gravimeter calibration standards represented.

Download Full-text

Records of palaeo-sea level and eruption duration in a coastal tuff ring, Jeju Island, Korea

Terra Nova ◽

10.1111/ter.12248 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Woo Seok Yoon ◽

Seok Hoon Yoon ◽

Chanwoo Sohn ◽

Young Kwan Sohn

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Jeju Island ◽

Tuff Ring ◽

Eruption Duration

Download Full-text

THE USE OF ELECTROMYOGRAM IN FOOTBALL SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

sportlogia ◽

10.5550/sgia.201601.en.kissv ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 48-66

Author(s):

Borko Katanić ◽

◽

Predrag Ilić ◽

Aleksandar Stojmenović ◽

Mima Stanković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Literature Review ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Gluteus Maximus ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Football Players ◽

Acute Effects ◽

High Quality ◽

The Difference ◽

Joint Group

The aim of this systematic review was to indicate and discuss the use of electromyogram in football. For the literature review, following electronic databases were used: Google School, PubMed, Medline and Mendeley for the period from 2005. to 2019. 20 papers were selected for this systematic review based on the established criteria. These studies focused the most on researching the following muscles: m.musculus quadriceps, m.biceps femoris, m.gastrocnemius, m.tibalis anterior and m. gluteus maximus. The review has determined quite a heterogenic choice of topics when it comes to the use of the electromyogram (herein after referred to as: EMG) in football, so the obtained results were grouped based on the similar characteristics. Therefore, the results were categorized according to the following topics: acute effects of the specific football activity, impact of the football strength training, training of kicking on the ball, results based on the difference in sexes, while the rest of the results were sorted in the joint group. Summarizing of the obtained results provides the insight in the multiple possibility for use of EMG in football in order to develop high quality analysis of the neuro-muscle activation of a certain muscle regions of the football players.

Download Full-text