Smartphone use in dermatology for clinical photography and consultation: Current practice and the law

Background: Smartphones have revolutionised medical practice including dermatology because of its multiple functions assisting practitioners at the point of care and beyond. We aimed to analyse the pattern of smartphone use by dermatologists and to explore their opinions and difficulties faced while using smartphoneMethods: This cross-sectional study included a population of dermatology consultants and residents in Kerala, India. A validated self-reported questionnaire was emailed to them using a survey tool to collect the dataResults: Overall 100 practitioners responded to the questionnaire with a response rate 10.6%. Consultants and residents accounted for 81% and 19% of the participants respectively. Females (78%) outnumbered males. Most (58.6%) belonged to age group 31-40 years. Everyone owned a smartphone with the most prevalent operating system (OS) being android (85.9%). Medical communication was done mostly using phone calls (92%). Drug reference (94%) was the most popular noncommunicative application. Most participants (85%) used smartphone camera for clinical photography. OS freezing was the biggest technical issue whereas inappropriate use and distraction were the biggest nontechnical challenges of smartphone use. Clinical photography was taken by 95% for disease monitoring with significantly higher usage in females. Those upto 40 years of age significantly took and shared clinical photographs for second opinion more than older ones. Only 17.2% with significantly higher males than females took written consent for photography.Conclusions: Dermatologists use smartphone extensively for communication, information and photography with preferences varying with age, gender and level of training.

Fundamental Conceptions of International Law in the Jurisprudence of the Permanent Court of International Justice

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2191013 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 414-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Arthur Steiner

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Current Practice ◽

Common Law ◽

International Justice ◽

Large Measure ◽

American Law ◽

The Common ◽

The Law ◽

Anglo American

Even in the most highly formalized systems of jurisprudence the rules and practices of the law cannot be entirely separated from the fundamental conceptions of law underlying them. The legal systems of France, The Netherlands and Germany have not been formalized to so great an extent that there is neither occasion nor opportunity for the application of the law to be conditioned by concepts derived from juridical theory. Duguit and Geny, Krabbe, and Kohler and Stammler, in their various works, have made this quite clear. In Anglo-American law the fictions so abundantly found are often no more than concrete formulations of abstract fundamental concepts which judges have thought to be valid and consistent with policy and which they could not conveniently introduce into the law in any other way. That fundamental conceptions of the law may affect its development more than their logical consistency warrants has been amply illustrated in the common law, equity, and American constitutional law. What is true of well-developed systems of jurisprudence is no less true of international law. Fundamental conceptions have probably had a greater influence here, since theologic and scholastic philosophies explain many of the rules of modern practice, and the rules of current practice owe their very existence, in large measure, to the reconciliaation of the philosophical concepts of the State, sovereignty and independence with the conception of a community of nations and a rule of law.

The gap between current practice and the law

White Paper — Open Science in a Digital Republic ◽

10.4000/books.oep.1648 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Scientific and Technical Information

Keyword(s):

Current Practice ◽

The Law

KEWENANGAN HAKIM TERHADAP ADANYA KETENTUAN PIDANA MINIMAL TERKAIT TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANGGOTA TNI (ANALISIS PUTUSAN NOMOR 108-K/PM.II-09/AD/IV/2015)

Jurnal Hukum Adigama ◽

10.24912/adigama.v2i1.5269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 963

Author(s):

Rizky Meidiawan ◽

Sugandi Ishak

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Current Practice ◽

Research Data ◽

Legal Certainty ◽

Literature Study ◽

Legal Problems ◽

The Law ◽

Law And Justice

One of the duties of the judge was to settle the case to sentence the perpetrators of the crime by saying that the defendant was acquitted or convicted based on at least 2 evidence and the judge based on the evidence was convinced that the error violated the article charged. The judge has the freedom to impose a sentence against the defendant who is not only fundamental to the provisions of the Law but also the judge can explore the values of law and justice in society. In the current practice, many judges have ruled below the minimum criminal provisions contained in an article as in the case of narcotics in this study. This cannot be blamed because the judge has the authority and freedom to make a decision, but this will certainly make legal certainty impossible. Legal problems in this research are how the authority of judges against the existence of a minimum punishment provision in narcotics crime and what constitutes the objective is stipulated by minimum punishment provisions. The research method taken is a normative juridical method, research data obtained through literature study and retrieval of decision files as a supplement. the results of the study show that judges may just make a decision under the minimum criminal provisions because the judge not only has to pay attention to legal certainty but also the purpose of other laws is to provide justice.

MULTIPLE REASONABLE BEHAVIORS CASES: THE PROBLEM OF CAUSAL UNDERDETERMINATION IN TORT LAW

Legal Theory ◽

10.1017/s135232521900003x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 77-104

Author(s):

Maytal Gilboa

Keyword(s):

Current Practice ◽

Tort Law ◽

Tort Liability ◽

The Law

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a significant yet largely overlooked problem in the law of torts: causal underdetermination. This problem occurs when the causal inquiry of a but-for test produces not one but two results, which are contradictory. According to the first, the negligent defendant is the likely cause of the plaintiff's injury, whereas according to the second, she is not. The article explains why causal underdetermination has escaped the radar of tort scholars and is perceived by courts as lack of causation. It demonstrates that the current practice in cases of causal underdetermination might lead to erroneous decisions, absolving negligent defendants of tort liability even when the evidence suggests that they are in fact the likely cause of the plaintiff's injury. This, in turn, the article asserts, may not only lead to underdeterrence among potential defendants, but also encourage manipulative litigation strategy to escape liability in retrospect. The article then proposes solutions that contend with causal underdetermination and resolve the difficulties that the current practice entails.

Dedication to law and justice

Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine ◽

10.5937/gakv9912451q ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 451-459

Author(s):

Kosta Čavoški

Keyword(s):

Moral Obligation ◽

Current Practice ◽

Direct Application ◽

Short Survey ◽

The Creation ◽

The Law ◽

Law And Justice

The author gives a short survey of the role of lawyers in the creation, interpretation and defense of law. Then, he marks dedication to law and justice as a fundamental quality of a lawyer. He points out examples of departure front this quality in the latest history and current practice of the Yugoslav judiciary, but also examples of its affirmation and resistance to attempted abuse of court by individual members of the law profession. The author also analyzes the problem of incongruity of the old and repressive provisions of certain laws with liberal provisions of the Constitution and advocates a direct application of the Constitution, which is, according to him, a legal and moral obligation of a judge.

Male-female earnings differentials among lawyers in Britain: a legacy of the law or a current practice?

Labour Economics ◽

10.1016/j.labeco.2004.10.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 219-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert McNabb ◽

Victoria Wass

Keyword(s):

Current Practice ◽

Earnings Differentials ◽

The Law ◽

A Current

The Limits of Law (and Democracy) in the Euro Crisis: An Approach from Systems Theory

German Law Journal ◽

10.1017/s2071832200021441 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 747-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lars Viellechner

Keyword(s):

Systems Theory ◽

Sovereign Debt ◽

Current Practice ◽

Euro Crisis ◽

The European Union ◽

National Parliaments ◽

National Courts ◽

Normative Expectations ◽

European Stability Mechanism ◽

The Law

The Article attempts to explore the fate of law and democracy in the euro crisis from the sociological perspective of systems theory. It consecutively ascertains the performance, the relevance, and the function of the law with regard to the current practice of restructuring sovereign debt in the euro area. While novel forms of regulation such as the European Stability Mechanism attest a remarkable assertiveness of the law, they cannot effectively command economic recovery and must cede to economic imperatives for their part. Under such circumstances, the law can no longer adequately fulfill its function to counterfactually secure normative expectations. Nevertheless, the regulatory experiments in the euro crisis may not be regarded as undemocratic. Rather, the heterarchical processes of mutual observation, recognition, and contestation among the various constituencies involved, including representatives of governments, institutions of the European Union, central banks, national parliaments and peoples via referenda, as well as European and national courts, provide some substitute for the lack of elections and parliamentary decision-making at the European level.

An Investigation into the Current Practice of Tooth Whitening in a Southern English City in the Context of Associated Legal Issues

Primary Dental Care ◽

10.1308/135576110791654892 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol os17 (3) ◽

pp. 127-135

Author(s):

Heather A Beckett

Keyword(s):

Criminal Law ◽

Current Practice ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Professional Standards ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Safety Regulations ◽

Beauty Salons ◽

The Law

Aims This investigation examined the current practice of tooth whitening carried out by a sample of dentists and beauty therapists from Portsmouth in the context of the relevant law. Methods A random sample of dentists and all beauty salons in Portsmouth were invited to respond to two postal questionnaires, one for dentists and one for beauty salons. These questionnaires were used to assess whether tooth-whitening services were offered and if so, details of products and techniques employed. The findings were analysed and compared with the current United Kingdom law on tooth whitening. Results One hundred and seventy-nine dentists (88%) and 76 (75%) beauty salons responded. One hundred and nineteen (66%) of the responding dentists and eight (11%) responding beauty salons provided in-house and/or take-home tooth-whitening services. The vast majority employed whitening agents containing or releasing hydrogen peroxide at a concentration greater than that permitted by the Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations 2008. Conclusions The current practice of tooth whitening by the dentists and beauty salons surveyed in this study is at odds with the criminal law that has been developed in order to safeguard consumers in relation to the products employed and the individuals carrying out the practice of dentistry. The practice also raises civil law issues, and compensation may be necessary in the event of injury. A change in the law, based on a scientific background and professional standards of care, is required at both European and domestic levels in order to align reasonable practice with the law, while upholding patient safety.

The Law and Practice of International Banking

10.1093/law/9780199685585.001.0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Proctor Charles

Keyword(s):

Current Practice ◽

Banking System ◽

Retail Banking ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

International Banking ◽

Banking Business ◽

The Law ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Derivative Products

This book provides authoritative analysis of current practice in international banking and the law that applies to it. Topics covered include: syndicated loans, security structures, derivative products, and mis-selling claims. The book tackles areas which have particular relevance to current practice. Amongst these are cross-border matters such as worldwide freezing injunctions, foreign disclosure orders, the bankers' duty of confidentiality, and the impact of sanctions on banking transactions. In particular, the book provides examination of various matters arising out of the Lehman collapse and the failure of the Icelandic banking system. This second edition reviews a significant accumulation of case law in these areas. Reflecting the continued growth of the Islamic finance market, there is also a section on this highly specialized but increasingly important area. The new edition provides consideration of the new UK and EU regulatory regimes, analysing the respective responsibilities of the UK Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), and the establishment of new banking authorities in the EU. A separate chapter examines the new capital adequacy and liquidity regimes that will apply to banks in the wake of Basel 3. It also reflects on the impact of the crisis following on from the initial assessments made in the first edition. The book examines the new regimes for ‘ring-fencing’ of retail banking business and for the resolution of failing banks, introduced at both the UK and EU levels. The text also includes a new chapter examining the challenges that the banking system would face in the event that a Member State elected to withdraw from the Eurozone — a fate which appeared to hang over Greece during the crisis and which could recur if the single currency zone faces renewed strains.