Cognitive decline before and after a first‐ever stroke in Africans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akin Ojagbemi ◽  
Toyin Bello ◽  
Mayowa Owolabi ◽  
Olusegun Baiyewu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COGNITIVE RESILIENCE IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S778-S778
Author(s):  
Eileen K Graham ◽  
Bryan James ◽  
Daniel K Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract There are considerable individual differences in the rates of cognitive decline across later adulthood. Personality traits are one set of factors that may account for some of these differences. The current project explores whether personality traits are associated with trajectories of cognitive decline, and whether the associations are different before and after a diagnosis of dementia. The data will be analyzed using linear mixed effects regression. Across these goals is a focus on replicability and generalizability. Each of these questions will be addressed in four independent longitudinal studies of aging (EAS, MAP, ROS, SATSA), then meta-analyzed, thus providing an estimate of the replicability of our results. This study is part of a registered report of existing data that is currently under stage 1 review.

scholarly journals Effect of revascularization on cognitive outcomes in intracranial steno-occlusive disease: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. E14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Kolb ◽  
Hassan Fadel ◽  
Gary Rajah ◽  
Hamidreza Saber ◽  
Ali Luqman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVESteno-occlusive diseases of the cerebral vasculature have been associated with cognitive decline. The authors performed a systematic review of the existing literature on intracranial steno-occlusive disease, including intracranial atherosclerosis and moyamoya disease (MMD), to determine the extent and quality of evidence for the effect of revascularization on cognitive performance.METHODSA systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection, and the KCI Korean Journal Database was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the English-language literature and observational studies that compared cognitive outcomes before and after revascularization in patients with steno-occlusive disease of the intracranial vasculature, from which data were extracted and analyzed.RESULTSNine papers were included, consisting of 2 RCTs and 7 observational cohort studies. Results from 2 randomized trials including 142 patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusion found no additional benefit to revascularization when added to maximal medical therapy. The certainty in the results of these trials was limited by concerns for bias and indirectness. Results from 7 observational trials including 282 patients found some cognitive benefit for revascularization for symptomatic atherosclerotic steno-occlusion and for steno-occlusion related to MMD in children. The certainty of these conclusions was low to very low, due to both inherent limitations in observational studies for inferring causality and concerns for added risk of bias and indirectness in some studies.CONCLUSIONSThe effects of revascularization on cognitive performance in intracranial steno-occlusive disease remain uncertain due to limitations in existing studies. More well-designed randomized trials and observational studies are needed to determine if revascularization can arrest or reverse cognitive decline in these patients.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Clock Drawing Test (CDT) Performance before and after Cognitive Decline

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Langfeng Shi ◽  
Qianhua Zhao ◽  
Zhen Hong ◽  
Qihao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Before And After

Progression of cognitive decline before and after incident stroke

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. e20-e28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanfan Zheng ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Baoliang Zhong ◽  
Zhenchun Yang ◽  
Wuxiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Acute Changes

ObjectiveTo determine the trajectory of cognitive decline before and after incident stroke.MethodsBy using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we studied 9,278 participants without dementia with no history of stroke who underwent cognitive assessment at baseline (wave 1) and at least 1 other time point (waves 2–7). We used linear mixed models to analyze repeated measures and longitudinal data.ResultsAmong the 9,278 participants (56.8% women, mean age 63.1 ± 10.3 years), 471 (5.1%) incident stroke events were identified. Compared with stroke-free participants, multivariable-adjusted rates of prestroke cognitive decline in global cognition, memory, semantic fluency, and temporal orientation of participants who later experienced an incident stroke were increased by −0.029 , −0.016, −0.022, and −0.024 SD/y, respectively. Among the 471 stroke survivors, the multivariable-adjusted acute changes in the 4 cognitive domains were −0.257, −0.150, −0.121, and −0.272 SD, respectively. In the years after stroke, global cognition declined over time and was steeper than its prestroke slope, that is, by −0.064 SD/y after multivariable adjustment. The rates of memory, semantic fluency, and temporal orientation decline were −0.046, −0.033, and −0.037 SD/y, respectively.ConclusionsAccelerated prestroke cognitive decline and poststroke cognitive decline were associated with incident stroke over a follow-up period of 12 years. Attention should be paid to the long-term cognitive problems of stroke survivors, and intervention and management of major vascular risk factors should start from early life or midlife to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease and the associated cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Gallagher ◽  
Corinne E. Fischer ◽  
Andrea Iaboni
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) may be the first manifestation of an underlying neurocognitive disorder. We undertook a review to provide an update on the epidemiology and etiological mechanisms of NPS that occur in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and just before the onset of MCI. We discuss common clinical presentations and the implications for diagnosis and care. Method: The authors conducted a selective review of the literature regarding the emergence of NPS in late life, before and after the onset of MCI. We discuss recent publications that explore the epidemiology and etiological mechanisms of NPS in the earliest clinical stages of these disorders. Results: NPS have been reported in 35% to 85% of adults with MCI and also occur in advance of cognitive decline. The occurrence of NPS for the first time in later life should increase suspicion for an underlying neurocognitive disorder. The presenting symptom may provide a clue regarding the etiology of the underlying disorder, and the co-occurrence of NPS may herald a more accelerated cognitive decline. Conclusions: NPS are prevalent in the early clinical stages of neurocognitive disorders and can serve as both useful diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Recognition of NPS as early manifestations of neurocognitive disorders will become increasingly important as we move towards preventative strategies and disease-modifying treatments that may be most effective when deployed in the earliest stages of disease.

scholarly journals App-assured essential physical activity for the prevention of cognitive decline: changing paradigms in public health – a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. e530
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jamka ◽  
Aleksandra Makarewicz ◽  
Maria Wasiewicz-Gajdzis ◽  
Jan Brylak ◽  
Hanna Wielińska-Wiśniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled

This study aims to assess the effect of an increase in daily physical activity to prevent cognitive decline, sustain brain volumes and maintain healthy biomarker levels in previously inactive (< 7,000 steps/day) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects aged 50-65 years. In total, 198 subjects with MCI (assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test) will be recruited and randomised into two groups: active and passive. The active group will be instructed, encouraged and motivated to increase their physical activity to a moderate level (≥ 10,000 steps/day), while the passive group should maintain their normal activity levels. All subjects will undergo cognitive assessment, neuroimaging and biomarker tests before and after a one-year intervention. During the intervention, physical activity will be measured by the Fitbit Inspire HR wristband. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register database (registration no. DRKS00020943, date of registration: 09.03.2020, protocol version: 1.0).

scholarly journals Cognitive performance before and after the onset of subjective cognitive decline in old age

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koppara ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Carolin Lange ◽  
Annette Ernst ◽  
Birgitt Wiese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Before And After

Cognitive Performance Trajectories Before and After Sleep Treatment Initiation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Results from the Health and Retirement Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Kaufmann ◽  
Mark W Bondi ◽  
Wesley K Thompson ◽  
Adam P Spira ◽  
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sleep Treatment ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are associated with risk of cognitive decline but it is not clear if treating disturbed sleep mitigates decline. We examined differences in cognitive trajectories before and after sleep treatment initiation. METHODS Data came from the 2006-2014 Health and Retirement Study. At each of five waves, participants were administered cognitive assessments and scores were summed. Participants also reported if, in prior two weeks, they had taken medications or used other treatments to improve sleep. Our sample (N=3,957) included individuals who at HRS 2006 were &gt;50 years, had no cognitive impairment, reported no sleep treatment, and indicated experiencing sleep disturbance. We identified differences between those receiving vs. not receiving treatment in subsequent waves, and among those treated (N=1,247), compared cognitive trajectories before and after treatment. RESULTS At baseline, those reporting sleep treatment at subsequent waves were more likely to be younger, female, Caucasian, to have more health conditions, to have higher BMI, and more depressive symptoms (all p’s≤0.015). Decline in cognitive performance was mitigated in periods after sleep treatment vs. periods before (B=-0.20, 95% CI=-0.25, -0.15, p&lt;0.001; vs., B=-0.26, 95% CI=-0.32, -0.20, p&lt;0.001), and this same trend was seen for self-initiated and doctor-recommended treatments. Trends were driven by those with higher baseline cognitive performance—those with lower performance saw cognitive declines following sleep treatment. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged and older adults with sleep disturbance, starting sleep treatment may slow cognitive decline. Future research should assess types, combinations, and timing of treatments most effective in improving cognitive health in later life.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a 12 Week Physical Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline and Disability in the At-Risk Elderly Population in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3135
Author(s):  
Sun Min Lee ◽  
Hong-sun Song ◽  
Buong-O Chun ◽  
Muncheong Choi ◽  
Kyunghwa Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After

There is a need for measures that can prevent the onset of dementia in the rapidly aging population. Reportedly, sustained physical exercise can prevent cognitive decline and disability. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a 12-week physical exercise intervention (PEI) for delay of cognitive decline and disability in the at-risk elderly population in Korea. Twenty-six participants (aged 67.9 ± 3.6 years, 84.6% female) at risk of dementia were assigned to facility-based PEI (n = 15) or home-based PEI (n = 11). The PEI program consisted of muscle strength training, aerobic exercise, balance, and stretching using portable aids. Feasibility was assessed by retention and adherence rates. Physical fitness/cognitive function were compared before and after the PEI. Retention and adherence rates were 86.7% and 88.3%, respectively, for facility-based PEI and 81.8% and 62.3% for home-based PEI. No intervention-related adverse events were reported. Leg strength/endurance and cardiopulmonary endurance were improved in both groups: 30 s sit-to-stand test (facility-based, p = 0.002; home-based, p = 0.002) and 2 -min stationary march (facility-based, p = 0.001; home-based, p = 0.022). Cognitive function was improved only after facility-based PEI (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive total score, p = 0.009; story memory test on Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment, p = 0.026). We found that, whereas our PEI is feasible, the home-based program needs supplementation to improve adherence.

scholarly journals Proportion of cognitive loss attributable to terminal decline

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. e42-e50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Wilson ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Sue E. Leurgans ◽  
David A. Bennett ◽  
Patricia A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Change Point Models

ObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of late-life cognitive loss attributable to impending death.MethodsOlder persons (n = 1,071) in a longitudinal cohort study without dementia at enrollment underwent annual cognitive assessments (mean 10.6 years, SD 4.6, range 4–24) prior to death. We estimated the onset of terminal acceleration in cognitive decline and rates of decline before and after this point in change point models that allowed calculation of the percent of cognitive loss attributable to terminal decline. Outcomes were composite measures of global and specific cognitive functions. We also estimated dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) incidence before and during the terminal period.ResultsA mean of 3.7 years before death (95% credible interval [CI] −3.8 to −3.5), the rate of global cognitive decline accelerated to −0.313 unit per year (95% CI −0.337 to −0.290), a more than 7-fold increase indicative of terminal decline. The mean global cognitive score dropped 0.377 unit (SD 0.516) assuming no terminal decline and 1.192 units (SD 1.080) with terminal decline. As a result, 71% (95% bootstrapped CI 0.70, 0.73) of overall global cognitive loss was terminal. In subsequent analyses, terminal decline accounted for 70% of episodic memory loss, 65% of semantic memory loss, 57% of working memory loss, 52% of perceptual speed loss, and 53% of visuospatial loss. MCI incidence in the preterminal and terminal periods was similar, but dementia incidence was more than 6-fold higher in the terminal period than preterminal.ConclusionMost late-life cognitive loss is driven by terminal decline.

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