“The interpersonal is political”: Understanding the sociological ambivalence created in parent and adult offspring cohabiting relationships

In our society, the proportion of youth is higher than any other society. They are important in this regard. But the real question is whether his views, trends and likes and dislikes are different from other generations of society in political terms. What is the reason for the tendency to see youth as a separate class. That we borrow the principles of politics from the West, where the distinction of generations is more important factor in politics than the distinction of community or class. At one time, parties like the Labor Party and the Green Party have been standing mainly on the vote of the youth for some time. The second reason is that the image of the youth is based on the English-speaking youths living somewhere in the metros. We often consider him to be a symbol of youth. While in reality they are a very small part of our youth. And the third reason is that the part of change, revolution and the politics of change that had set the hopes of the youth are still there in our political understanding. The fact is that the youth class is not very different from the elderly or any other generation in terms of participation in politics, if different then it means that its participation is less than the other class because it is more concerned about education and employment. There is no fundamental difference between the vote of the youth and other generations in terms of voting or political choice. If there is a difference, then only in the sense that the parties who have come in the last 25-30 years have heard more about the youth, hence their choice is more. Older parties usually get little support from the youth. However, it is not related to its youth, because the information about that party is limited to certain people.

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Maternal methyl-enriched diet reduces absence seizures and depression-like comorbidity, and increases DNMT1 and HCN1 gene expression in the somatosensory cortex in adult offspring

10.29003/m1395.fens-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karine Sarkisova ◽

A. Gabova ◽

E. Fedosova ◽

A. Shatskova ◽

M. Rudenok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Somatosensory Cortex ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Absence Seizures

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Prenatal Pregabalin Exposure Alters Postnatal Pain Sensitivity and Some Behavioral Responses in Adult Offspring Rats

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886315666200628114257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 205-214

Author(s):

Manzumeh-Shamsi Meymandi ◽

Gholamreza Sepehri ◽

Amirhossein Moslemizadeh ◽

Seyyed Sajjad Vakili Shahrbabaki

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Open Field ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Pain Sensitivity ◽

Sucrose Preference ◽

Pain Response ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Plate Test

Background: Prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure could demonstrate both congenital malformations and behavioral impairments in offspring. Objective: This study was performed to assess the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on pain response, anxiety, motor activity and some behavior of adult offspring rats. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats received PGB (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg/ip) during embryonic days 9.5- 15.5. The pain response, anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activity, motor balance and coordination and anhedonia of adult offspring were examined by tail-flick and hot plate test, open field test, elevated plus maze (EPM), beam balance test and sucrose preference test in their 60th day of life, respectively. Results: Prenatal exposure to PGB revealed significant dose-dependent reduction in pain sensitivity (increase in pain latency response) in the hot plate test, especially in females, while anxiety-like behavior assessed in EPM and open field significantly reduced in males. In the open field, locomotor activity reduced significantly after exposure to PGB 30 mg/kg and motor coordination decreased dose-dependently, especially in males. Anhedonia, as an indication of sucrose preference or pleasure response, was not changed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that prenatal PGB exposure could be associated with significant changes in pain response, anxiety, locomotor activity and coordination in adult offspring rats.

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Fundamental Rights and the Integrity of Union Law

10.1093/oso/9780198830610.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Julio Baquero Cruz

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Fundamental Rights ◽

European Convention ◽

Fundamental Importance ◽

The Political ◽

The Future ◽

Political Understanding

This chapter analyses another area of Union law that is highly controversial and relevant in structural terms—the protection of fundamental rights. It discusses the scope and standard of the protection offered at Union level, the consequences for national law, and the implications of the future accession of the Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. These issues are of fundamental importance for the integrity of Union law and of wider significance for the political understanding of the Union.

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Postnatal Smoke Exposure Further Increases the Hepatic Nicotine Metabolism in Prenatally Smoke Exposed Male Offspring and Is Linked with Aberrant Cyp2a5 Methylation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Khosbayar Lkhagvadorj ◽

Zhijun Zeng ◽

Karolin F. Meyer ◽

Laura P. Verweij ◽

Wierd Kooistra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Susceptibility Gene ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Nicotine Metabolism

Prenatal smoke exposure (PreSE) is a risk factor for nicotine dependence, which is further enhanced by postnatal smoke exposure (PostSE). One susceptibility gene to nicotine dependence is Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of nicotine to cotinine in the liver. Higher CYP2A6 activity is associated with nicotine dependence and could be regulated through DNA methylation. In this study we investigated whether PostSE further impaired PreSE-induced effects on nicotine metabolism, along with Cyp2a5, orthologue of CYP2A6, mRNA expression and DNA methylation. Using a mouse model where prenatally smoke-exposed adult offspring were exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months, enzyme activity, mRNA levels, and promoter methylation of hepatic Cyp2a5 were evaluated. We found that in male offspring, PostSE increased PreSE-induced cotinine levels and Cyp2a5 mRNA expression. In addition, both PostSE and PreSE changed Cyp2a5 DNA methylation in male groups. PreSE however decreased cotinine levels whereas it had no effect on Cyp2a5 mRNA expression or methylation. These adverse outcomes of PreSE and PostSE were most prominent in males. When considered in the context of the human health aspects, the combined effect of prenatal and adolescent smoke exposure could lead to an accelerated risk for nicotine dependence later in life.

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